Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A forty-two year-old man with left epididymo-testicular malakoplakia was reported. Thirty-two cases of testicular malakoplakia with (5 cases) and without (27 cases) epididymal malakoplakia were reviewed. The mean age was 48. 2 year-old. Two-thirds of the cases suffered from right side involvement. All cases except a few cases received orchiectomy within 2.6 months on average from the onset of the symptoms. Diabetes mellitus, malignant diseases, or chronic renal failure seem to have a causal relation to the development of testicular malakoplakia. Six cases of epididymal malakoplakia were also reviewed.
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PMID:[A case of malakoplakia of the testis and epididymis]. 266 1

To define the role of insulin in lipid disturbances of chronic renal failure, chronically uremic rats (U+) were supplemented by continuous insulin infusion over a 35-day experimental period and compared with control ad libitum-fed rats (C) and uremic rats without insulin (U). Uremic rats were characterized by hypoinsulinemia, an increase in both circulating very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and their cholesterol concentration, a normal hepatic triglyceride secretion rate (TGSR) determined with Triton WR 1339, and a low adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. Chronic insulin infusion at low rate (0.5 IU/24 h) to U+ rats normalized serum insulin (from 17.0 +/- 0.6 mU/l in U rats to 23.4 +/- 1.7 mU/l in U+ rats), serum VLDL triglycerides (from 804 +/- 65 to 410 +/- 36 mg/l), and serum VLDL cholesterol (from 43 +/- 8 to 16 +/- 3 mg/l). Hepatic TGSR decreased significantly after insulin treatment (from 0.58 +/- 0.03 to 0.44 +/- 0.03 mumol/min). Moreover, adipose tissue LPL was restored to normal by insulin supplementation (from 460 +/- 60 to 860 +/- 150 mU per total epididymal fat in U and U+ rats, respectively). Correction of the disturbed VLDL metabolism was associated with multiple actions of insulin including 1) a decrease of peripheral lipolysis, 2) a decrease of hepatic TGSR, and 3) an increase of adipose tissue LPL activity. Because cholesterol-rich VLDL are potentially atherogenic, their normalization with insulin treatment in this animal model suggests a viable area of investigation for the prevention of accelerated atherogenesis in chronic renal failure.
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PMID:Correction by insulin of disturbed TG-rich LP metabolism in rats with chronic renal failure. 351 62

The possible mechanisms of the increase in serum triglycerides (TG) and TG-rich lipoproteins were studied in chronically uremic (U) rats by comparison with either ad-lib fed control (C) rats or diet-restricted (DR), sham-operated pair-fed control rats. A first series of animals was studied in the fed state and a second series after a 16-hr fast. In U animals the concentration of serum TG and TG-rich particles was lower than that of C rats in the fed state but significantly higher than that of C and DR rats after a 16-hr fast. Serum glucose and lactate concentrations in the fed or fasted state were unchanged by uremia. Serum insulin concentration was significantly decreased in U rats as compared to C and DR rats in both series. The fast did not increase the concentration of serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in U or DR animals to the same extent as in C rats, whereas the serum concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOB), which was higher than that of C rats in the fed state, was significantly lower after a 16-hr fast. In U animals, as compared to control rats of either series, a significant decrease of epididymal lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was observed during both nutritional states when expressing the enzymic activity per number of cells. In conclusion, our data provide evidence against hepatic over-production of TG-rich lipoproteins in rats with chronic renal failure and strongly point to an LPL-mediated defect of their peripheral catabolism, probably related to the insulin deficiency state.
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PMID:Factors of increase in serum triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in uremic rats. 388 97

Hypertriglyceridemia is common in chronic renal failure (CRF); this derangement is due to decreased peripheral removal of triglycerides. Certain data indicate that the state of secondary hyperparathyroidism of CRF is, at least in part, responsible for derangements in lipid metabolism. It has been proposed that chronic excess of parathyroid hormone exerts its deleterious effects on many organs through its ability to raise basal levels of cytosolic calcium. Prevention of the latter by a calcium channel blocker is followed by the correction of organ dysfunctions. The present study examined the effect of treatment of CRF rats with verapamil on several parameters of lipid metabolism. Chronic renal failure rats displayed hypertriglyceridemia, fat intolerance, reduced postheparin plasma lipoprotein and hepatic lipase activities, decreased hepatic lipase in liver homogenate, and elevated calcium content in liver and epididymal fat. Treatment of the CRF rats with verapamil prevented all these derangements in lipid metabolism. These effects of verapamil were similar to those produced by parathyroidectomy of CRF rats. The data are consistent with the formulation that chronic excess of parathyroid hormone increases the calcium burden of liver and adipose tissue and consequently impairs the synthesis and/or release of lipoprotein and hepatic lipases. Reduced availability of these enzymes in plasma results in impared peripheral removal of triglycerides, leading to hypertriglyceridemia.
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PMID:Verapamil prevents chronic renal failure-induced abnormalities in lipid metabolism. 832 79

We evaluated the effects of chronic renal failure (CRF) on the sperm fertilizing potential of rats. CRF was induced in 20 male 8-week-old Wistar rats (group A) by performing 5/6 nephrectomy in two stages. An additional 10 rats underwent a two-stage sham operation and served as a control group (group B). Seven weeks after the second operation, serum urea and creatinine concentrations were evaluated. Caudal epididymal spermatozoa from rats with CRF but not from controls had been filtrated via Sperm Prep tubes to isolate the sperm fraction showing strong forward progressions. Spermatozoa were processed for insemination of ten mature oocytes. After 18 and 36 h of insemination, the percentage of oocytes with two pronuclei and cleaved oocytes were evaluated, respectively. Serum urea and creatinine concentrations were significantly higher in group A than in group B. There was no significant difference between groups A and B in the percent sperm motility in final suspensions. The percentage of oocytes with two pronuclei and cleaved oocytes were significantly lower in group A than in group B . The present study suggests that CRF has adverse effects on the overall sperm fertilizing capacity.
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PMID:Effects of chronic renal failure on the sperm fertilizing capacity. 909 72

We evaluated the effects of chronic renal failure (CRF) on testicular function and semen physiology. A CRF model was created in 48 male rats by performance of five-sixths nephrectomies in two-stage procedures, and a control (group A) by two-stage sham operation on six male rats. Seven weeks later, serum urea and creatinine concentrations were assessed, and the nephrectomized rats were then equally divided into four groups, B, C, D and E, and treated with saline, erythropoietin, bromocryptine and hydralazine, respectively. Seventeen weeks after the first surgical procedure, the number of fertile rats, the mean values of epididymal sperm content and motility, the outcome of in vitro fertilization, and peripheral serum testosterone concentrations and responses to human chorionic gonadotropin were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in groups A, C and D than in groups B and E. Serum prolactin concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in all groups of nephrectomized rats than in group A. Our results indicate that bromocryptine and erythropoetin improve Leydig cell function, spermatogenesis epididymal sperm maturation, and sperm fertilizing capacity in rats with CRF.
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PMID:Effects of erythropoietin, bromocryptine and hydralazine on testicular function in rats with chronic renal failure. 919 18

Hypertriglyceridemia associated with chronic renal failure (CRF) and elevated plasma concentration of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) are thought to be a consequence of the depressed lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities and impaired clearance of lipoproteins. However, there is some evidence that the lipoproteins overproduction might also contribute to hypertriglyceridemia in CRF. This study was performed to test the hypothesis that the increased rate of lipogenesis consequent to upregulation of fatty acid synthase (FAS), a key lipogenic enzyme, gene expression could contribute to overproduction of triacylglycerols and to hypertriglyceridemia in CRF. FAS activity, FAS protein mass (Western blot analysis), and FAS mRNA level (Northern blot analysis) in liver and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) were measured in male Wistar rats 6 weeks after subtotal (5 of 6) nephrectomy or sham operation. Moreover, the rate of lipogenesis in WAT was determined. The CRF group showed significant increase in FAS gene expression (measured as activity, mRNA, and protein abundance) in both liver and WAT. This was associated with the increase in the lipogenesis rate and with the increase in plasma triacylglycerol and VLDL concentrations. Our results suggest that not only decreased removal, but also an increase of triacylglycerol production could contribute, in part, to the CRF-associated hyperlipidemia. Upregulation of FAS gene expression, shown in this report for the first time, reveals another factor involved in disturbed lipid metabolism in CRF. It seems that elevated plasma insulin and cytokine concentration could play an important role in the mechanism responsible for the increased FAS gene expression in CRF.
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PMID:Upregulation of fatty acid synthase gene expression in experimental chronic renal failure. 1248 75

Lipid disorders are one of the known metabolic changes associated with chronic renal failure (CRF) [1, 2]. They are present as: hypertriglyceridemia--existed in 60% of CRF patients and hypercholesterolemia observed in 20-30% of people with this syndrome. These disorders, what was shown also in our own studies, are existing in different intensity in patients treated with maintenance haemodialysis [3], peritoneal dialysis [4] and after renal transplantation as well [5]. Mechanism of hypertriglyceridemia, despite over thirty years of studies, is still not finally elucidated. The opinion that it is a result of impaired triglyceride removal (due to decreased activities of both lipoprotein and hepatic lipases) is well documented, however the role of lipogenesis in its development is obscure [6, 7]. The reports concerning this problem contain contradictory data. In our studies performed several years ago we have shown that lipogenesis rate in white adipose tissue of uremic rats is significantly augmented [8, 9, 10] due to activation of free fatty acid synthase. Therefore, recently we paid once again our attention on the activity of this lipogenesis rate limiting enzyme responsible for the long term regulation. We measured its activity, protein abundance and mRNA level in liver and epididymal white adipose tissue of rats with surgically induced renal failure (two-stage subtotal nephrectomy). The results support the thesis that lipogenesis takes a part in a hypertriglyceridemia found in renal failure. There have been observed a significant increase in plasma triglyceride and VLDL concentrations in uremic animals and it was associated with the increase of FAS activity, FAS protein abundance and FAS mRNA. The results were similar in both studied tissues. Moreover, there have been also observed the increased activities of malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. All these enzymes participate in NADPH production, which is a necessary substrate for fatty acid biosynthesis [11, 12, 13]. Concluding, it appears that the rise in plasma triglyceride and VLDL concentrations observed in CRF rats is not only the result of increased liver and white adipose tissue lipogenesis rate. One has to remember, that these date are strictly original and enabling to elucidation further pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia in CRF. In the second set of experiments performed also in rats with experimentally induced CRF we have found that hypercholesterolemia observed in those animals is dependent on the significant activation of cholesterol synthase, induced by increased production of this enzyme (increment of protein abundance and synthase mRNA [14, 15]. Simultaneously, we have performed original studies on the diurnal rhythm of cholesterologenesis, showing that activity of this process is significantly augmented during whole twenty four hours [15]. Summarizing, one have to underline that our observations have important impact to the elucidation of lipid disturbances pathomechanism. Nevertheless further studies are necessary to establish how experimental data are corresponding with human pathology.
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PMID:[Pathomechanism of hyperlipoproteinemia in chronic renal failure]. 1497 58

Tuberculosis confined to the testes with no epididymal involvement is uncommon. Chronic renal failure patients requiring hemodialysis have increased risk for developing tuberculosis. We report a 47-year old chronic renal failure man presenting with right testicular tuberculous orchitis. A high index of suspicion is required to recognize the unusual presentation of tuberculosis in this group of patients, and routine screening for tuberculosis may be recommended in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
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PMID:Tuberculous orchitis in chronic renal failure. 1553 48