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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Yorkshire boars were used to evaluate the influence of duration of photoperiod and hemicastration on growth and testicular and endocrine functions. At 10 wk of age, 5 hemicastrate (HC) and 5 intact (I) boars were assigned to either 8 or 16 hr of light daily until 6 mo of age. Body weights were recorded biweekly throughout the experiment. Venous cannulae were placed in all boars at 6 mo of age, and serum was collected at 30 min intervals from 0800 to 2000 hr. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) was infused at 2000 hr (50 micrograms) and at 2030 hr (250 micrograms), and samples of serum were collected until 2400 hr. The following day, all boars were castrated, and the weights and sperm content of the testes and epididymides were determined. At castration, all pigs were given implants containing testosterone. Two weeks later, pigs were again canulated, and serum was obtained at 15 min intervals for 2 hr. Growth of boars was not significantly affected by duration of photoperiod or number of testes. Duration of photoperiod did not affect weight or sperm content of testes or epididymides. Hemi-castrated boars had greater testicular (P less than .01) and capita-corpora (C-C) epididymal weights (P less than .05) and more testicular and C-C sperm (P less than .01) per testis. Neither average concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) nor number and amplitude of pulses of LH were affected by photoperiod treatment. However, HC boars had greater average concentrations of LH (P less than .05) than I boars (.71 +/- .05 vs .52 +/- .05 ng/ml). Hemicastrated boars in 16 hr light daily had greater concentrations of FSH in serum (P less than .05) than 8I, 8HC, and 16I boars. Intact and HC boars had similar concentrations of prolactin (PRL) and testosterone. Similarly, concentrations of PRL and testosterone were not affected by duration of photoperiod. Secretion of LH and testosterone after treatment with GnRH was not significantly affected by duration of photoperiod. In general, HC boars released more LH in response to GnRH treatment than I boars. Concentrations of LH were greater (P less than .05) in HC than I boars at .5, 1, 2, and 3 hr after GnRH and tended (P less than .10) to be elevated at 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4 hr after GnRH. The FSH response to GnRH was greater (P less than .05) for 16HC than 8I, 8HC, or 16I boars.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:The influence of duration of photoperiod and hemicastration on growth and testicular and endocrine functions of boars. 314 65

Continuous low-dose gamma-irradiation of mature rats induced a progressive degeneration of the germ cells. Blood FSH increased by 127, 176 and 214%, respectively, after 55, 70 and 85 days of treatment when compared to FSH levels in control rats (8.50 +/- 0.60 ng/ml); conversely, serum LH and testosterone levels were unchanged. The Sertoli cell function was affected by the treatment from 70 days on, as attested by androgen binding protein (ABP) and transferrin secretions which diminished 35-40%. Serum ABP levels were not altered, whatever the duration of irradiation, even though epididymal ABP contents (as well as concentrations) diminished 34-60% when compared to those of the controls. Moreover, in purified Leydig cells, LH-stimulated intracellular cAMP levels, which were decreased by seminiferous tubule medium (STM) from control rats, were enhanced in presence of STM from treated animals. Testosterone output was stimulated 9-fold in presence of oLH and further increased (46-76%) from stages XIV-V by STM prepared from control and irradiated rats, respectively. After 85 days the STM effects on both cAMP and testosterone syntheses were zero. These results demonstrate a probable alteration of Sertoli cell function after irradiation, but also a role of the germ cells in the regulation of the synthesis of ABP, transferrin and Sertoli cell paracrine factors.
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PMID:Effect of continuous low-dose gamma-irradiation on rat Sertoli cell function. 314 90

In secretory azoospermia, plasma FSH is usually high and seminal carnitine in relation with epididymal secretion, normal. In excretory azoospermia, FSH is not increased and seminal carnitine is lowered. Here we report the case of 23 patients in whom FSH was not increased and seminal carnitine not decreased. Among these patients 17 had had surgery with vas deferens and epididymis exploration. Testis biopsy for histological analysis was performed. It turned out that most of the patients (13 of the 17) had a genital tract occlusion located at the junction of corpus--caput of the epididymis (9/13) or at the junction testis-epididymis (4/13). The 4 remaining patients showed arrest of spermatogenesis which was before spermiogenesis in 3 of the 4 cases. This study allows (1) to define the diagnosis value of the seminal carnitine assay, which remains the only test to affirm excretory azoospermia when there is a bilateral occlusion located on the genital tract between the epididymis corpus and the ejaculatory ducts, (2) to consider another treatment than epididymo-vasostomy in cases of occlusion caput--corpus (epididymo-epididymostomy), (3) to detect a population presenting a very early arrest of spermatogenesis without any pituitary effect, probably having a special regulation of FSH secretion.
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PMID:[Azoospermia with normal plasma FSH and unlowered seminal carnitine. Utilization for diagnosis and treatment]. 315 Oct 23

Rats aged 10 days (Exp. A), 45 days (Exp. B) and 70-90 days (Exp. C) were given procarbazine intraperitoneally at doses of 30 mg/kg/day for 5 or 9 weeks (Exps A, B, C), or by gavage at doses of 5 mg/kg/day (equivalent to the therapeutic dose in man) and 50 mg/kg/day, for 9 weeks (Exp. B). A significant mortality rate was noted in immature rats (Exp. A) and in animals receiving 50 mg/kg/day orally (Exp. B). In all groups the rate of body weight gain and the weights of the testes and epididymides were reduced. Procarbazine produced disruption of the normal spermatogenetic architecture that was very severe or total in immature rats (Exp. A) and in rats given the drug at 30 mg/kg/day for 9 weeks and the highest dose (50 mg/kg) in Exp. B. Disruption of spermatogenesis was only partial in the other experimental groups. The number of Sertoli cells was not affected by the different treatments, but a Sertoli cell dysfunction (vacuolization, decreased ABP and elevated FSH concentrations), most probably secondary to germ cell degeneration, was demonstrated in those rats presenting the most severe disruption of spermatogenesis (Exp. B: i.p. and gavage, 50 mg/kg for 9 weeks). Leydig cells, always present in the interstitium, were moderately affected (decrease in serum testosterone values) in some groups at all ages whereas epididymal sperm reserves were decreased after 9 weeks (Exp. B: 30 mg/kg, i.p.; 5 and 50 mg/kg, gavage). Moreover, there was a marked fall in the number of fetuses per female mated by males in all experimental groups. We conclude that the effects of procarbazine on male reproductive function were independent of the route of administration, greater before puberty and proportional to the dose administered as well as to the duration of the treatment.
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PMID:Reproductive effects of the anti-cancer drug procarbazine in male rats at different ages. 318 60

Alpha-glucosidase, glycerophosphocholine, and L-carnitine were measured in sperm-free seminal plasma to determine whether these markers reflected the epididymal function of men attending an infertility clinic. The putative markers correlated well with each other (r = 0.66 to 0.70) and in 92% of 283 cases were accurate in categorizing semen as containing normal or subnormal amounts of markers. Glucosidase was considered the best index of epididymal function and was used for a further 306 samples. The ejaculate content of epididymal markers was correlated with testicular volume and serum testosterone below values of 30 ml and 30 nmol/l, respectively. Markers were also correlated with the concentration and motility of spermatozoa in semen. Seventy-one of 425 patients (17%) displayed subnormal epididymal secretions, mainly in association with hypogonadism (Klinefelter syndrome, Kallman syndrome, idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) but also in cases of obstructed ducts, maldescended testicles, and local irradiation following hemicastration. Because azoospermic patients had reduced epididymal markers with both high and low FSH levels and a large proportion of men with reduced glucosidase and normal FSH suffered from testicular failure, it is suggested that other indices of testicular function are required for correct interpretation of reduced epididymal markers. Thirteen patients (3%) had low markers for which no cause was apparent; these may be cases of infertility due to isolated epididymal dysfunction.
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PMID:Epididymal markers in human infertility. 329 Jan 72

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of gossypol alone and gossypol in combination with prostaglandin and aspirin. Rats were administered gossypol (40 mg/kg/day), gossypol and prostaglandin (PGF2 alpha-2 mg/kg/day), gossypol and aspirin (300 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. A marked effect of the gossypol-prostaglandin combination was observed on sperm motility and spermatogenesis. The effect of the gossypol-aspirin combination was less pronounced. The ratio of body weight to testicular and epididymal weights between the different groups showed no marked difference. No effect of drug treatment on plasma testosterone, LH and FSH was observed. The data presented in this paper suggest that prostaglandin plays an important role in the antifertility effects of gossypol.
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PMID:Involvement of prostaglandin in the antifertility effects of gossypol. 346 6

Testicular exploration was performed in 225 azoospermic men with normal sized testes and normal serum levels of FSH. Thirty-one men had impaired spermatogenesis and the cause of obstruction was found in 46% of the subjects. Thirty-two men had a history of genital tract infection while 18 had a history of genital or inguinal surgery. A history of chest disease was noted in 25 men with obstructive azoospermia. Aplasia of the vasa was present in 9.3% of the group. The epididymis was the site of obstruction in 63% of patients but the cause of epididymal obstruction was unknown in 81 of the 141 men.
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PMID:Incidence of aetiological factors in testicular obstructive azoospermia. 369 17

Androgen binding protein (ABP) was measured in the serum, testes and epididymides of adult rats up to 105 days after the induction of reversible impairment of spermatogenesis by a single injection of busulphan. This treatment decreased testicular and epididymal weights within 7-21 days after treatment, reaching a minimum at 63 days with partial recovery by 105 days. The testicular and epididymal content of sperm was unchanged up to 42 days after busulphan administration, was reduced considerably at 63 days and thereafter increased towards control values. The serum and testicular concentrations of testosterone were normal at all times after treatment, even though serum LH levels were increased at 42 and 63 days. Serum levels of FSH were also increased at 43 and 63 days after treatment. A biphasic pattern in the serum levels of ABP was observed. Concentrations were low up to 43 days post treatment when only the early germ cell types were depleted from the seminiferous epithelium and when the testicular and epididymal contents of ABP were normal. Serum levels of ABP increased as the more mature germ cells were depleted in numbers and the testicular and epididymal contents of ABP declined. It is concluded that bidirectional secretion of ABP into the interstitium (serum) and into the seminiferous tubular lumen by Sertoli cells is influenced considerably by the population of germ cells that are present in the seminiferous epithelium.
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PMID:Evidence suggesting that germ cells influence the bidirectional secretion of androgen binding protein by the seminiferous epithelium demonstrated by selective impairment of spermatogenesis with busulphan. 369 18

To determine the clinical value of seminal transferrin measurements, transferrin concentrations in seminal plasma were determined by single radial immunodiffusion. Men with various disorders of spermatogenesis had significantly lower mean values than those with normal semen (170 micrograms/ejaculate, s.e.m. = 18.4), oligospermia (40.5 micrograms, s.e.m. = 7.2) or azoospermia due to primary seminiferous tubule failure (65.9 micrograms, s.e.m. = 29.1). In these subjects with patent genital tracts, seminal transferrin was directly correlated with sperm concentration and indirectly correlated with serum FSH levels. Seminal transferrin increased following gonadotrophin treatment of men with gonadotrophin deficiency from 19.6 micrograms (s.e.m. = 5.5) to 108.6 micrograms (s.e.m. = 31.7). Patients with genital tract obstructions also had low levels; vasal agenesis (21.8 micrograms, s.e.m. = 5.6), vasectomy (48.5 micrograms, s.e.m. = 21.0), epididymal obstruction (46.6 micrograms, s.e.m. = 7.1). These results confirm that most seminal transferrin comes from the testes and reflects Sertoli cell function. However, there is a very wide range of transferrin levels in normal semen and a number of normospermic samples have low values similar to those seen with abnormal Sertoli cell function or obstruction. Thus, measurement of seminal transferrin is of limited diagnostic value.
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PMID:Seminal transferrin, an index of Sertoli cell function: is it of clinical value? 374 35

The indazole carboxylic acid derivative, tolnidamine, has marked antispermatogenic activity in several animal species. In this study, we assessed the effect of tolnidamine on rat Sertoli cell function both in vivo and in vitro, using androgen binding protein (rABP) as a marker. Groups of six male rats were killed 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 hours and 5, 8, and 12 days following tolnidamine administration (250 mg/kg by oral gavage). There was a progressive reduction in both testicular and epididymal weights. Serum FSH levels did not change and LH showed a transient increase between 64 hours and 8 days. Except for an initial increase at 2 hours, there were no changes in serum testosterone. Epididymal rABP concentration and content declined as early as 8 hours, with the lowest values occurring at 5 and 12 days. By 16 hours, there was an increase in testicular rABP, which was also evident at 8 days and 12 days. Within 16 hours after tolnidamine, there was a rise in serum rABP, which persisted until the end of the experiment. When another indazole carboxylic acid derivative, lonidamine, was administered (250 mg/kg), similar changes were evident in epididymal and serum rABP at 32 hours, but the rapid decrease in testicular rABP suggested a different mechanism of action. In another experiment, single oral doses of tolnidamine (50, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg) were administered to other groups of rats and the animals were killed after 24 hours and 5 days. With increasing doses of tolnidamine, there was a reduction in epididymal rABP concomitant with an increase in testis and serum rABP levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The effects of the indazole carboxylic acid derivative, tolnidamine, on testicular function: I. Early changes in androgen binding protein secretion in the rat. 392 32


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