Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Still under debate is the location in the genital tract where antisperm antibodies transuded from serum and locally produced antibodies, respectively, become attached to the surface of the spermatozoa. The mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) for immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, and locally produced secretory IgA (sIgA) could be carried out on motile spermatozoa from epididymis from 13 of 34 men undergoing vasovasostomy. Four months and one year after the operation the MAR was repeated on a fresh semen sample from all patients. It was found that transuded as well as locally produced antisperm antibodies were bound to spermatozoa at the epididymal level of the genital tract. The follow-up results on semen were almost identical to the results obtained with epididymal spermatozoa.
 ...
PMID:Antisperm antibodies on epididymal spermatozoa. 178 84

The split ejaculation technique concentrates the most motile and viable spermatozoa in the first part of the ejaculate. Several clinicians use this fraction for insemination and in vitro fertilization. Eleven vasovasostomized men with antisperm antibodies participated in this study. The mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) for IgG, IgA, and secretory component was carried out on the whole ejaculate and the fractions of the split ejaculate. The isotype and concentration of free antisperm antibodies were determined in serum, the whole ejaculate and the fractions of the split ejaculate by the indirect MAR and the tray agglutination test. The detection of bound antisperm antibodies revealed almost identical reactions in fractions one and two and in the whole ejaculate. The results suggested that the majority of antisperm antibodies in the ejaculate from vasovasostomized men are transuded from serum not only at the epididymal and/or the prostatic level but also in the seminal vesicles.
 ...
PMID:Antisperm antibodies in split ejaculates. 180 58

The levels of the immunoglobulins IgA, IgG1, IgG2, and IgM were measured in serum and fluid from various locations in the reproductive tract of normal rams. These fluids included semen, preputial washings, and fluid from the accessory sex glands (ASG), vasa deferens, rete testes, and tissue fluid from the seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands, epididymal tails and efferent ducts. In addition, the prevalence of specific Ig-containing cells (ICC) was measured in sections of formalin fixed tissues stained by an indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase labelling technique. Mean IgA levels in semen (1.23 mg/ml) and ASG fluid (0.46 mg/ml), were higher than in serum (0.19 mg/ml) and were at levels higher than IgG1 or IgG2 levels in semen, ASG fluid, and preputial washings, thus confirming the existence of a local immune system primarily in the ASG of ram genitalia. Relatively low concentrations of IgA and IgG in other genital fluids and IgG levels in these fluids were consistent with diffusion from serum. The relatively high prevalence of IgA-containing cells in bulbourethral (56% of all ICC) and prostate (49%) glands confirmed these tissues as major sites of local Ig production. ICC were also found in large numbers beneath pelvic urethral and preputial epithelia, but these were predominantly IgG-containing (88 and 72% respectively).
 ...
PMID:Immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin-containing cells in the reproductive tract of normal rams. 336 70

The present investigation studied the effects of sperm immunization in the gastrointestinal tract on anti-sperm antibody production and fertility in female mice. For comparative purposes, mice were also immunized with sperm intraperitoneally. Intraperitoneal immunization with 5 X 10(6) washed epididymal and vas deferens sperm 3 times per week for 7 wk produced anti-sperm IgG in plasma at 1:20,000 and in vaginal washings at 1:100 as determined by ELISA. Such mice have been shown previously to have reduced fertility. In comparison, mice immunized intragastrically with 5 X 10(6) sperm once per week for 11-14 wk had anti-sperm IgA in vaginal washings at only about 1:8 as determined by ELISA. After mating at the 14th wk these mice delivered 6.5 +/- 1.4 pups, which was not significantly different from the 7.1 +/- 1.1 pups delivered by an untreated control group. Mice immunized twice intragastrically and once intravaginally during a 25-day period had no detectable anti-sperm IgA in vaginal washings by ELISA. These mice delivered 9.7 +/- 1.2 pups after mating beginning on day 32, as compared to 9.7 +/- 0.8 pups in a PBS-sham immunized group. Mice immunized once intraduodenally and then once intraperitoneally 14 days later delivered 10.4 +/- 0.9 pups after mating 10-14 days after the second immunization, while a similar group of mice whose primary sperm immunization was directly into Peyer's patches delivered 9.0 +/- 1.4 pups. We could not detect anti-sperm IgG or IgA bound to sperm in the uterine or oviduct lumen using immunohistochemical labeling after any of the groups of immunized mice were mated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:The effect of sperm immunization in the gastrointestinal tract on anti-sperm antibody production and fertility in female mice. 378 33

The intragastric administration of homologous strain epididymal sperm to adult virgin NZBW (Rt 1) female rats was shown to induce short-to long-term infertility. Infertility was associated with an early rise of genital secretory fluid IgA antisperm antibody preceding mating.
 ...
PMID:Effect of ingested sperm on fecundity in the rat. 671 50

Sperm and uterine fluid samples were collected from rabbits that had been isoimmunized systemically and were challenged locally against a sperm extract (soluble fraction of lithium diiodosalicylate extraction) and a sperm-pellet extract (soluble fraction of Nonidet NP.40 treatment of pellet remaining after LIS extraction). Antibody activity against the sperm plasma membrane was found in serum and uterine fluid samples from the sperm-extract immune rabbits, as indicated by an inhibition of sperm attachment to ova in vitro and by indirect immunofluorescent staining on unfixed sperm. A strong acrosome staining was noted with fixed sperm. These samples did not show fluorescent staining of swollen heads of sperm or react with blastocysts. The immune samples from rabbits injected with sperm-pellet extract displayed the opposite reactions. These samples did not react with the plasma membrane of sperm but the IgA antibodies of the uterine fluids caused immunofluorescent staining of the swollen heads of sperm and the blastocyst cell membranes. Uterine fluid from this group of rabbits also inhibited blastocyst development in vitro. Immune samples from rabbits immunized against untreated epididymal sperm gave all the positive reactions.
 ...
PMID:Antibody activities of serum and uterine fluid samples from rabbits isoimmunized against sperm fractions. 698 67

The immunopathologic findings in the testes and kidneys of 25 long-term vasectomized monkeys and of 13 age-matched control animals were compared. Antisperm antibody was found in serum samples from 60% of vasectomized monkeys and in no samples from control animals. Orchitis, aspermatogenesis, or both, resembling allergic orchitis, was noted in 92% of vasectomized animals and in 23% of controls. Epididymitis and epididymal granuloma occurred exclusively in the vasectomized animals (52%). By immunofluorescence, granular deposits of IgA, IgG, and/or C3 in the basal lamina of the ductuli efferentes and the caput epididymidis were detected in 45% of the control monkeys. In vasectomized animals, the incidence of immune deposits increased to 91%, and the deposits became more widespread. Although both vasectomized and control animals had IgM, IgG, or both, in the glomerular mesangial region, C3 was found in vasectomized monkeys only (29%). The results of this study indicate that monocytic infiltrations with aspermatogenesis in association with immune deposits along the excurrent duct normally occur in subhuman primates, and that these changes increase in incidence after vasectomy. Although the testicular disease highly resembles allergic orchitis, an immunologic basis remains to be established.
 ...
PMID:Monocytic orchitis and aspermatogenesis in normal and vasectomized rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). 744 99

Antisperm antibodies are formed as a result of vasal and epididymal obstruction. Fourteen males of different ages (pre-, peri- and post-pubertal) with bilateral congenital vasal agenesis and epididymal obstruction secondary to cystic fibrosis (CF), and seven men with congenital bilateral aplasia of the vas deferens (CBAVD) were evaluated with regard to both the presence and levels of serum antisperm antibodies, and the CF-genotype. While IgA and IgG were not detected among pre- and peri-pubertal CF patients, 4 out of 10 (40%) exhibited IgM binding to sperm tail-tip. Post-pubertal CF patients showed high antisperm antibody (ASA) levels in 3 of the 4 males (75%) evaluated for the three isotypes assayed. ASA were found in 5 of 7 CBAVD patients (71%); IgG (n = 3) and IgM (n = 4) were found to be the predominant isotypes bound to sperm tail-tip. CF-genotype analysis revealed two pre-pubertal patients with the DeltaF508/DeltaF508 CF-genotype and a positive ASA response, thus suggesting an earlier or more severe blockage. In addition, the two CBAVD patients found to have a ?/? CF-genotype on the initial screening did not have ASA. The altered antigenicity of sperm associated with initiation of spermatogenesis appears to modify the antisperm antibody isotypes. Further studies on a larger number of patients may allow for a better understanding of the ASA response, as well as a better understanding of a possible phenotype/genotype association between the CF-genotype and the immunologic response.
 ...
PMID:Cystic fibrosis and congenital agenesis of the vas deferens, antisperm antibodies and CF-genotype. 773 9

Genital tracts of male Lewis rats were transected at various levels to determine whether this may influence antisperm antibody response. Adult male rats underwent bilateral transection of the vas deferens (group I, n = 9), mid-epididymis (group II, n = 10), and efferent duct (group III, n = 9). Group IV (n = 10) underwent a sham operation. Sera were collected by retro-orbital puncture before the operative procedure and monthly for 3 months postprocedure. Sperm-reactive immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM were measured individually as well as combined in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using lithium diiodosalicylate (LIS)-solubilized washed rat caudal epididymal sperm. The maximal immune response was seen in all groups at 2 months postprocedure. Antibody response defined as the net ELISA absorbance reading for the combined immunoglobulin group were (mean +/- SEM): group I = 120 +/- 16, group II = 156 +/- 23, group III = 190 +/- 20, and group IV = 116 +/- 22. The highest antibody response was noted in the efferent duct group, which was statistically (p < .05) greater than the sham-operated and vas deferens groups. In the efferent duct group the highest immunoglobulin response was observed in the IgG class, which was significantly higher (p < .05) than the IgA and IgM classes. The transection of the male genital tract at different levels leads to variation in antisperm antibody response and that sperm located at different sites along the genital tract may differ in their autoantigenic potential.
 ...
PMID:Variation in antisperm antibody response following transection of male genital tract in Lewis rats. 849 73

Antisperm antibodies are one of the important factors in male infertility caused by vasal obstructions. To investigate the incidence of serum antisperm antibodies in patients with various kinds of seminal tract obstructions, we retrospectively analyzed the sera of 60 patients using the indirect immunobead test (IBT) to find serum antisperm antibodies. Immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA class antisperm antibodies were positive in 55% and 18% of those patients with a vasal obstruction caused by inguinal herniorrhaphy and in 60% and 20% of vasectomized patients respectively; whereas these antibodies were positive in 13% and 0% of those patients with an epididymal obstruction of unknown etiology and in 8% and 3% of those patients with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD). The incidence of antisperm antibodies was significantly higher in patients with a vasal obstruction than in those with an epididymal obstruction (p < 0.001).
 ...
PMID:The incidence of antisperm antibodies in patients with seminal tract obstructions. 872 85


1 2 Next >>