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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Testes and epididymides from six sexually rested buffalo-bulls were removed during breeding season. The average weight of the testicular parenchyma was 138.62 g, of which the tunica albuginea accounted for 8.45 g. Relative distribution of spermatozoa in caput, corpus, and cauda epididymides averaged 5.42, 0.75, and 11.45 billion, respectively. Total epididymal sperm reserve per bull was 36.2 billion. The efficiency of sperm production was quite uniform and averaged 14.5 x 10(6) sperm per gram of testicular parenchyma per day with a mean of 2.02 x 10(9) sperm per testis. Thus a typical buffalo-bull produces about 4 x 10(9) sperm daily during breeding season.
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PMID:Estimation of daily sperm production rate (DSPR) by quantitative testicular histology in Buffalo-bulls (Bubalus bubalis). 51 97

The secretion of proteins of different segments of the guinea pig epididymis was studied using micropuncture and radiochemical techniques. Tissue and fluid samples were taken 24-48 hr after intraperitoneal injections of 2 mCi of tritiated lysine. Macromolecular secretion was higher in the caput than in the corpus and cauda. Labelled spermatozoa were detected in smears taken from the caput epididymis 24 hr after injection. Few labelled spermatozoa were found in the corpus and none in the cauda. Since the capacity of epididymal sperm for fertilization is apparently achieved before spermatozoa reach the cauda, the protein synthesized in the epididymal caput and corpus would account for trigering sperm maturation.
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PMID:Macromolecular secretion into various segments of the guinea pig epididymis. 51 5

Male Wistar Strain rats of known fertility were given subcutaneous dosage of three drugs, alpha-chlorohydrin, amino-alpha-chlorohydrin, and busulphan alone or in combination for a period of thirty days. Males were housed overnight with females at various times during the treatment and ninety days after cessation of treatment. There were significant differences in levels of glycerylphosphorylcholine in the epididymides of two treatment groups as well as differences in numbers of spermatozoa recovered from the reproductive tracts of female rats mated with males from four treatment groups. Treatment had no effect on the weights of the testes or sex accessory organs or sialic acid levels in the epididymis, fructose levels in dorso-lateral prostate and coagulating gland, or citric acid levels in seminal vesicle and ventral prostate of the treated males when compared to controls. The antifertility activity was probably mediated by an effect on epididymal spermatozoa and thereby subsequent change in sperm transport within the female genital tract.
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PMID:Agonistic properties of low doses of antifertility compounds in male rats. 51 10

The effect of guanethidine (a sympatholytic agent) on epididymal contractions was studied in rats, in order to contribute new data on the role of both the adrenergic and cholinergic nerves in the spontaneous motility of the epididymis and also during ejaculation. The first type of activity was increased when adrenergic innervation was damaged, but the amplitude and frequency of contractions reached normal values approximately 3 hours after beginning the records. Since spermatozoa were eliminated after electroejaculation, the second type of contractions was not affected either. As the epididymis and vas deferens were congested with spermatozoa, it is possible to assume that guanethidine caused a functional obstruction in a distal segment of the genital tract. The increase of spontaneous activity could be the response of the epididymal muscle to overcome this obstruction and, therefore, to cause the elimination of spermatozoa into the urethra, which normally occurs in absence of ejaculations. Finally, no pregnancies occurred among female rats mated with treated males, at least up to 150 days after ending treatment.
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PMID:Contractile behaviour of rat epididymis after sympathectomy produced by the administration of guanethidine. 53 86

Hamster epididymal spermatozoa were washed and preincubated at extremely low sperm concentrations (100/ml or less) in a culture medium containing naturally-occurring sperm motility-stimulating substances. These substances were partially purified "sperm motility factor" (SMF) derived from hamster adrenal glands and catecholamines (epinephrine or isoproterenol). After preincubation for three hours, a small number (5 or less) of washed, cumulus-free hamster eggs was added to each sperm suspension. Many of these eggs were undergoing fertilization when examined two to three hours later. Fertilization was accomplished in vitro at sperm:egg ratios approaching 1:1, a situation comparable to that believed to exist in vivo. It appears that this demonstration will considerably enhance the potential of in vitro fertilization studies for providing useful information on mammalian gamete interactions.
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PMID:Fertilization of hamster eggs in vitro at sperm:egg ratios close to unity. 54 2

Virgin female guinea pigs received two courses of immunization with S, P or T spermatozoa autoantigens and Freund's complete adjuvant and were mated from 1 up to 18 weeks after the end of each course. The immunizations were efficient as judged by the titers of circulating antibodies to S, P or T, the existence of antibodies to the corresponding immunizing antigen in cervico-vaginal secretions and by cutaneous reactions of delayed hypersensitivity. In spite of this successful immunization, the fertility rate was 100% after the first course and only slightly decreased after the second one. The only significant events were a delay in the time of fertilization and a high rate of intrauterine death (as already observed following anti-S immunization). The absence of fertility impairment was not due to a lack of a relevant antigen in the injected preparations since immunizing female guinea pigs with either epididymal spermatozoa or crude water-soluble extract also did not decrease the fertility. The mechanisms responsible for such a resistance remain to be elucidated; they may involve spermatozoa coating substances, enhancing antibodies or sperm immunosuppressive factors.
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PMID:Resistance of female guinea pig fertility to efficient iso-immunization with spermatozoa autoantigens. 55 Nov 77

This article summarizes the basic aspects of the biology of spermatozoa, not the clinical aspects, and the discussion focuses first on the structure and biochemistry of sperm and then follows the germ cell from its inception (spermatogenesis) to its final destination (fusion with the ovum). Figures accompany the textual discussion of the characteristics of sperm cells. Structure of sperm is broken down into sperm head (nucleus, acrosome and postnuclear cap, and neck) and the sperm tail (flagellum, fibrous sheath, and midpiece). Then follows a section on the biochemistry and motility of sperm with the biochemical constituents of each part of the structure outlined. The process of spermatogenesis is described, sperm maturation and epididymal function are discussed, storage, aging, and transport of sperm in th male genital tract are explained, and the characteristics of the ejaculate are emphasized (liquefaction). Next, the transport of sperm in the female genital tract is discussed, focusing on the role of the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in this process. The article ends with a brief discussion of sperm capacitation (which occurs in the uterus) and a more lengthy section on the fertilizing of the female germ cell by the sperm.
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PMID:The biology of human spermatozoa. 56 4

The electrophoretic mobility, effect of pronase, temperature stability, affinity constant and specificity of androgen-binding protein (ABP) were compared in rete testis fluid (RTF), cauda epididymal plasma (CEP) and seminal plasma (SP) of the ram in which the levels of ABP, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), total protein and the number of spermatozoa were also measured. The characteristics of the ABP appeared to be almost identical in all 3 fluids. ABP was highly concentrated in the cauda epididymidis although 50-75% of it was utilized or destroyed during transit through the epididymis. The levels of ABP were higher in the breeding season and positively correlated with DHT in RTF and SP. It is concluded that ABP might be responsible for the increase in DHT in the reproductive tract of the ram during the breeding season and that ABP in the SP might serve as a useful marker of Sertoli cell function in the ram.
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PMID:Biochemical and physiological studies of androgen-binding protein in the reproductive tract of the ram. 57 51

Spermatozoa from fertile mice heterozygous for tw32, a recessive lethal allele of the T/t locus, were compared to normal spermatozoa in a fertilization in vitro system. The rate of egg penetration following insemination in vitro was determined for epididymal spermatozoa from C57BL/6-tw32/+ mice and for epididymal spermatozoa from C57BL/6-+/+ mice. At one hour after insemination, the mean of penetration +/- standard deviation for spermatozoa from BL/6-tw32/+ mice was 20% +/- 2.1 (109 eggs observed, 5 experiments), while the mean for spermatozoa from BL/6-+/+ mice was 1% +/- 1.5 (107 eggs observed, 4 experiments). By five hours post-insemination, the levels of egg penetration were not significantly different. These results suggest that tw32 increases the initial rate of egg penetration. Preliminary observations of sperm motility and sperm-egg association at one hour post-insemination in vitro do not support the hypothesis that this earlier penetration is due to improved sperm progress to the egg. Rather, the earlier penetration may be a result of changes in the timing of capacitation, the acrosome reaction, or sperm-egg fusion. It is possible that the earlier penetration may play a role in the distortion of the transmission ratio of tw32.
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PMID:Rate of egg penetration in vitro accelerated by T/t locus in the mouse. 58 87

The spontaneous maturation of intact, cumulus-free and zona-free oocytes of the mouse was studied in complex and in simple media. The rates and frequencies of maturation from the germinal vesicle to the metaphase II stage were similar for all oocytes, indicating that these investments are not critical to maturation. The penetration characteristics of zona-free oocytes were examined; before germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB), evidence for penetration was obtained only when the ionophor, A23187, was included in the medium. After GVB, oocytes readily incorporated spermatozoa and were usually polyspermic when inseminated with 10(5) capacitated epididymal spermatozoa/ml. The kinetics of sperm incorporation indicated that primary oocytes were capable of a plasmalemma block to penetration similar to that seen with tubal eggs.
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PMID:In-vitro maturation and penetration of mouse primary oocytes after removal of the zona pellucida. 58 55


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