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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of adrenalectomy and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) doses (0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg/day ip) on hepatic enzyme activity and lipid content and on the amount of epididymal fat pad lipid were studied in starved-refed BHE and Sprague-Dawley rats. BHE rats had significantly greater relative liver size, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malic enzyme (ME) activities, and percentage liver lipid but less epididymal fat pad lipid than Sprague-Dawley rats. Adrenalectomized (ADX) rats consumed significantly less food, gained less weight per day, and had less lipid in their livers and fat pads than intact rats. As the level of DHEA increased from 0 to 240 mg/kg/day there was a significant linear decrease in average daily weight gain, food intake, G6PD activity, and percentage liver lipid. At the 15 mg/kg/day dose, G6PD activity was significantly reduced without reductions in the other parameters measured. At the 120 mg/kg/day dose, however, weight gain, food intake, G6PD activity, and percentage liver lipid were significantly lower than that of the controls. At this dose DHEA treatment reduced food intake by 17% whereas it diminished average daily weight gain and G6PD activity by 30 and 56%, respectively. The 240 mg/kg/day dose of DHEA significantly reduced food intake, weight gain, liver lipid, G6PD activity, and ME activity. Intact and ADX BHE rats reduced their G6PD activity and liver lipid more rapidly than Sprague-Dawley rats as the level of DHEA administered increased. ADX Sprague-Dawley rats receiving DHEA had greater liver lipid content and enzyme activity than their intact counterparts whereas the reverse situation was true in BHE rats. These data indicate that the effect of DHEA on body weight gain, food intake, and hepatic and peripheral adiposity are dependent on the strain of rat, the adrenal status, and the DHEA dose.
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PMID:Strain differences in the dose-response curves of adrenalectomized, starved-refed rats to dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). 296 44

The in vivo fatty acid synthesis rate, selected enzyme activities and fatty acid composition of rat white adipose tissue from animals fed semisynthetic diets of differing fat type and content were studied. All animals were starved for 48 hr and then refed a fat-free (FF) diet for 48 hr. They were then divided into three groups. One group was continued on the FF diet for 48 hr. Another group was fed a diet containing 44% of calories from corn oil (CO). The final group was fed a diet containing 44% of calories from completely hydrogenated soybean oil (HSO). The animals on the FF diet had a marked increase in adipose tissue fatty acid synthesis during the 96-hr feeding period (as measured by 3H incorporation into adipose fatty acids). Addition of either CO or HSO to the diets did not significantly inhibit fatty acid synthesis in dorsal or epididymal adipose tissue. The activities of the enzymes' fatty acid synthetase, ATP-citrate lyase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased on the FF diet and generally were not inhibited significantly by the addition of either fat to the diets. Linoleic acid was the major polyunsaturated fatty acid (ca. 22%) in adipose tissue. Monounsaturated fatty acids (palmitoleic, oleic, cis-vaccenic) made up ca. 38% of the total adipose fatty acids, while saturated fatty acids accounted for about 32% (myristic, palmitic and stearic). White adipose tissue in mature male rats was a major depot for n-3 fatty acids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The influence of dietary fat on the lipogenic activity and fatty acid composition of rat white adipose tissue. 360 Feb 9

Genetically obese normotensive rats, LA/N-corpulent (cp), were fed ad libitum diets containing either 54% sucrose or cooked corn starch for 12 weeks. Twenty-four rats were used for the study; half were corpulent (cp/cp) and half were lean (cp/+ or +/+). Fasting levels of plasma insulin, glucose, corticosterone, glucagon and growth hormone, and activities of liver and epididymal fat pad glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), malic enzyme (ME), and liver and kidney glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), fructose 1,6-diphosphatase (FDPase), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) were measured. A significant phenotype effect was observed in insulin, corticosterone, growth hormone, and liver G6PD, ME, FDPase, and kidney PEPCK, G6Pase, FDPase, and epididymal fat pad G6PD and ME (corpulent greater than lean), and glucagon (lean greater than corpulent). Diet effect (sucrose greater than starch) was significant for plasma glucose, liver ME, and kidney G6Pase. Although not significant at the P less than 0.05 level, insulin, corticosterone, liver G6PD and FDPase and kidney FDPase tended to be higher in sucrose-fed rats. This study suggests that the corpulent rat is more lipogenic and gluconeogenic than the lean, and that the hormones responsible are effective in keeping both the lipogenic and gluconeogenic enzyme activity elevated.
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PMID:Hormonal and lipogenic and gluconeogenic enzymatic responses in LA/N-corpulent rats. 399 2

Factors influencing the utilization of ketone bodies by mouse adipose tissue in vitro were studied. Epididymal fat pads can oxidize DL-Beta-hydroxybutyrate-3-(14)C and acetoacetate-3-(14)C to (14)CO(2) as well as convert these compounds to fatty acid-(14)C. An increased output of (14)CO(2) from Beta-hydroxybutyrate-3-(14)C was noted in response to glucose plus insulin, succinate, oxaloacetate, L-asparate, and L-malate. Fatty acid synthesis from Beta-hydroxybutyrate was enhanced by glucose plus insulin, L-aspartate, L-malate, oxaloacetate, and citrate. Nicotinamide stimulated the oxidation of Beta-hydroxybutyrate but not of acetoacetate to CO(2), and did not affect fatty acid synthesis from either ketone body. Nicotinamide increased NAD(+) and NADP(+) levels in epididymal fat pads without affecting the concentration of NADH and NADPH. "Superlipogenesis" caused by fasting the mice for 48 hr and re-feeding them for 24 hr sharply enhanced CO(2) output and lipogenesis from Beta-hydroxybutyrate. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase, NADP-malic dehydrogenase, and citrate cleavage enzyme from mouse adipose tissue were increased during "superlipogenesis." Free fatty acid release by epididymal fat pads in vitro was slightly increased by Beta-hydroxybutyrate. The relationship of ketone body metabolism and lipogenesis in adipose tissue is discussed.
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PMID:Factors influencing the utilization of ketone bodies by mouse adipose tissue. 422 Nov 4

Fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue normally proceeds at a high rate when fasted animals are refed a diet containing carbohydrate, protein, and low levels of fat. This study investigated the effect of omitting protein from the refeeding diet. Rats were fasted for 48 hr and refed either a protein-free diet or a balanced diet, and the rate of fatty acid synthesis from glucose, pyruvate, lactate, and aspartate was measured. Refeeding the animals a diet devoid of protein resulted in a low rate of fatty acid synthesis from each of these substrates as well as a reduction in carbon flow over the citrate cleavage pathway. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, NADP-malate dehydrogenase, and ATP-citrate lyase were also reduced in epididymal fat pads from these rats. On the other hand, adipose tissue phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity was five times as great as that in tissue from animals refed a balanced diet. This difference could be eliminated if actinomycin D was injected coincident with refeeding. Refeeding rats diets high in carbohydrate is not, therefore, capable of inducing high rates of fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue in the absence of dietary proteins. Thus, liver and adipose tissue respond differently to dietary protein.
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PMID:Dietary protein and the control of fatty acid synthesis in rat adipose tissue. 534 26

Solubility and low activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase let both the aqueous and agarose gel cytochemical incubation techniques fail in mouse sperm. By means of a polyacrylamide gel medium G6PDH was constantly demonstrated in the midpieces of sperm cells prefixed with cold acetone. Although this technique prevented the dislocation of the enzyme, diffusion artifacts due to delayed formation of formazan may occur from sites of high dehydrogenase activity, e.g., epididymal epithelium encountered in sperm smears.
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PMID:A polyacrylamide gel method for the cytochemical demonstration of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in mouse sperm. 616 61

A biochemical study has been made of the effects of low doses of alpha chlorohydrin on all the glycolytic enzymes and two key enzymes of phosphogluconate pathway i.e. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGDH) of rat testis and epididymis. All the glycolytic enzymes of testis and epididymis are decreased after treatment with alpha chlorohydrin. G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH are decreased only in epididymis and not in the testis. LDH, ADH and glucose-6-phosphatase were also studied histochemically to show that the drug affects the glycolytic enzymes of epididymal cells and various testicular cell types of testis. Possible significance of these results is discussed.
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PMID:Effect of low doses of alpha chlorohydrin on the enzymes of glycolytic and phosphogluconate pathways in the rat testis and epididymis. 626 79

The influence of thyroxine treatment on key enzymes involved in the glycolytic and HMP shunt pathways was studied in the caput, corpus and cauda epididymides of pubertal rats, and related to the serum hormone profile. The activity of 6-phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase was significantly increased in all 3 segments of the epididymis, but the HMP shunt pathway was suppressed. Thyroxine treatment was found to depress the serum levels of testosterone, LH and FSH, although an increase in prolactin levels was observed. Withdrawal of hormone treatment resulted in the restoration of normal activity of 6-phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase and restoration of normal serum hormone levels. However, the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase increased following withdrawal of treatment. It is concluded that hyperthyroidism exerts an influence on epididymal enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism.
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PMID:Effect of thyroxine treatment on epididymal carbohydrate metabolism in the pubertal rat. 641 29

The three main segments of the elephant epididymis were examined for the occurrence, in the spermatozoa and lining epithelium, of carbohydrates, neutral lipids and phospholipids, ATPase, alkaline phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, diaphorases, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase. The most distinct feature of the carbohydrate content of the epididymis was a layer of acidic, alcian blue-positive glycoprotein over the luminal surface of the epithelium, particularly in the terminal segment. PAS-positive, diastase-resistant inclusions were also found throughout the epdidymis. Neutral lipid occurred as droplets above and below the nucleus in the epithelium of the middle segment, and as supranuclear accumulations in the terminal segment. All the enzymes except the steroid dehydrogenases were detected in the epididymal epithelium, and all except the steroid dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase were detected in the spermatozoa. There was considerable variation in the intensity of the cytochemical reactions in the epithelium, but not in the spermatozoa, in different regions of the epididymis. In general, the enzymes involved in active transport showed strongest reactions in the initial and terminal segments, the reactions in the stereocilia being the most intense. The enzymes involved in energy metabolism showed strongest reactions in the middle and terminal segments, with the activity being fairly evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm of the principal cells. However, the two lysosomal enzymes which were studied showed quite different distributions: the reactions for acid phosphatase were strongest in the initial and middle segments, whilst the reactions for non-specific esterase were strongest in the middle and terminal segments. It is suggested that the initial segment is involved in absorptive and anabolic activity, the middle segment in anabolic activity, and the terminal segment (where spermatozoa are stored ready for ejaculation) in considerable metabolic activity and active transport of substrates across the epithelium.
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PMID:Studies of the deferent ducts from the testis of the African elephant, Loxodonta africana. II. Histochemistry of the epididymis. 644 36

We examined whether a modification of a starch into an alpha-amylase resistant form can lead to a reduction of postprandial glucose and insulin responses, and consequently to a change of lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue. For this purpose, a processed starch was prepared using a cornstarch (70% amylose and 30% amylopectin) and monoacylglycerol (monostearate; MS), forming monostearate-starch complex (MS-treated cornstarch). When we determined in vitro hydrolysis of MS-treated cornstarch using alpha-amylase and intestinal microvillar alpha-glucosidases, the glucose production rate of the MS-treated cornstarch was slower than the non-treated cornstarch. Measurement of a transmural potential difference (delta PD) evoked by the MS-treated cornstarch in everted rat jejunum showed that the absorption rate of glucose released from the MS-treated cornstarch was also remarkably slower than that from the non-treated cornstarch. The postprandial plasma insulin response to the MS-treated cornstarch was reduced, although plasma glucose response was unchanged. In a feeding study, two groups of five or six male Wistar-strain rats were fed defined diets containing 61.1% MS-treated cornstarch or 58.2% non-treated cornstarch ad libitum for 14 days. Food intakes during the period were similar between the two groups. Feeding the MS-treated cornstarch resulted in a significantly lower maltase activity in upper jejunum than did the non-treated cornstarch feeding. The activities of lipogenic enzymes--fatty acid synthetase (FAS), malic enzyme (ME), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH)--significantly decreased in epididymal adipose tissue of rats fed the MS-treated cornstarch. In the liver, FAS activity was lower in the MS-treated cornstarch group. The results indicated that MS-treated cornstarch was digested less rapidly, and lowered blood insulin response, consequently leading to a declined lipogenesis of adipose tissue and liver. This study suggests that the rate of intestinal hydrolysis of starch is an important determinant of metabolic responses such as glycemic and lipogenic responses to diets.
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PMID:Monostearoylglycerol-starch complex: its digestibility and effects on glycemic and lipogenic responses. 808 69


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