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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adipose tissue and liver from vitamin B6-deficient rats have an increased lipogenic capacity. Whether this phenomenon is accompanied by changes in the activities of certain enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrate and lipid, or by altered transport of glucose into adipocytes, has been studied. Five glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase, phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, and pyruvate kinase), two pentose phosphate pathway enzymes (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase), malic enzyme, and ATP citrate lyase were measured in the epididymal adipose tissue, livers and kidneys of vitamin B6-deficient and control rats. Vitamin B6 deficiency did not significantly affect the glycolytic enzyme levels in the tissues studied, or the dehydrogenases measured in adipose tissue and kidneys. Liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and adipose tissue and liver malic enzyme were significantly lowered in deficient rats compared to ad libitum and pair-fed controls. Adipose tissue and liver ATP citrate lyase activities were also significantly decreased by vitamin B6 deficiency. In the presence of insulin, the uptake of glucose and 3-O-methyl glucose, a non-metabolizable sugar, by fat pads from deficient rats was greater than uptake by fat pads from control rats. These observations suggest that the increased glucose utilization by adipose tissue and liver of vitamin B6-deficient rats is not directly related to changes in the enzymes studied, but in the case of adipose tissue, may be explained, at least in part, by enhanced glucose uptake.
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PMID:Effects of vitamin B6 deficiency on liver, kidney, and adipose tissue enzymes associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and on glucose uptake by rat epididymal adipose tissue. 13 63

The effects of two environmental temperatures (T; 16 degrees and 31 degrees), five diet dilutions (D; 0%, 12.5%, 25%, 37.5% and 50%), and five daily treadmill running periods (E; 10 minutes, 40 minutes, 70 minutes, 100 minutes, and 130 minutes) upon enzyme activities of liver and adipose tissue of male rats were observed. Liver enzymes studied were glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), 6-P-gluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), fructose diphosphatase (FDPase), NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), and malic enzyme (ME). Adipose tissue (epididymal fat) enzymes (6PGD, G6PD, and ME) were studied as well as the in vitro incorporation of the 14C of [U-14C] glucose into liberated 14CO2 and into the triglycerides, free fatty acids, and total lipids by adipose tissue slices. Equations describing regression surfaces for these responses (expressed as units/100 g body weight) could contain significant linear coefficients of the independent variables (T, D, and E), their first order interactions, and quadratic coefficients for D and E. Significnat regression coefficients for activities of liver enzymes associated with increased lipogenesis (6PGD, G6PD, and ME) produced response surfaces with conformations generally concave downward. All enzymes possessed positive and negative linear and quadratic coefficients for D which caused response surfaces to be concave downward with respect to that variable. Also, 6PGD and G6PD (positive linear and negative quadratic coefficients for E) exhibited response surfaces concave downward with respect to E. Additionally, 6PGD showed greater activity at 31 degrees than at 16 degrees while G6PD showed no effect of temperature on activity. Liver ICDH, probably important in supplying reducing equivalents for fatty acid synthesis, evidenced response surfaces almost identical to those for 6PGD. Significant regression coefficients for activity of liver enzymes associated with increased gluconeogenesis (FDPase and G6Pase) produced for FDPase a response surface concave downward with respect to both D and E with greater values at 31 degrees than at 16 degrees; but for G6Pase non-concave surfaces with lesser values at 31 degrees than at 16 degrees. Significant regression coefficients for activities of adipose enzymes associated with increased lipogenesis produced for 6PGD a response surface concave upward due to negative linear and positive quadratic coefficients for both D and E. For G6PD and ME regression surfaces were concave upward with respect to E, but these were modified by positive and negative linear coefficients, respectively, for D. Significant regression coefficients for incorporation of the 14C of glucose into triglycerides and free fatty acids of adipose tissue slices and their production of 14CO2 yielded response surfaces concave upward with respect to E (negative linear and positive quadratic coefficients). In addition, the surface for free fatty acids was concave upward with respect to D. The 14CO2 production was greater at 16 degrees than at 31 degrees...
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PMID:Effects in the rat of environmental temperature, diet dilution, and treadmill running on liver and adipose enzymes and metabolism of 14C-glucose: a multiple regression analysis. 18 37

The effects of insulin on the turnover of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in rat epididymal adipose tissue were studied by immunochemical technique in in vitro incubations. Insulin increased the relative rate of synthesis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by two-fold in tissue obtained from normal rats. Insulin also had an effect on the rate of degradation of this enzyme. In the absence of insulin in the incubation medium the rate constant of degradation was 0.11 h-1 (half-life, 6.3 h). When insulin was added to the medium degradation of this enzyme was slowed. The new rate constant of degradation was 0.04 h-1 (half-life, 17 h). In the presence of insulin, the rate constant of degradation of total protein in adipose tissue was unchanged; therefore the effects of insulin on the degradation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are specific to that protein and perhaps to a few other specific proteins.
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PMID:The effects of insulin on the turnover of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in epididymal adipose tissue of the rat. 71

Effect of styrene (100 or 200 mg/kg body wt/day) for 60 days was observed on testicular enzymes of postnatally maturing rats. A significant decrease in epididymal spermatozoa count was observed only at 200 mg/kg body weight dose. Activities of testicular sorbitol dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase decreased while activities of lactate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase significantly increased only in animals exposed to styrene at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. The results suggest that exposure to high dose of styrene during developmental period alters the activities of enzymes associated with specific cell type of testis.
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PMID:Effect of styrene on testicular enzymes of growing rat. 145 17

This study was undertaken to determine whether a reduction in hepatic lipogenesis would be beneficial in the amelioration of copper (Cu) deficiency when fructose is fed. Garlic was chosen as the agent for reducing hepatic lipogenesis. Forty-eight weanling rats were fed Cu-deficient or adequate diets containing fructose or starch with or without garlic for 5 weeks. Garlic ameliorated the signs associated with Cu deficiency, although hepatic lipogenesis was not affected. Administration of garlic reduced the activity of the lipogenic enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase only in Cu-adequate rats. Consumption of garlic resulted in increased epididymal fat pad and pancrease sizes, and higher hematocrits, insulin and thyroxine concentrations. Mechanisms other than lipogenesis that could be responsible for this phenomenon are discussed.
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PMID:Garlic oil extract ameliorates the severity of copper deficiency. 161 86

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) was administered to adult male rats by gavage at the doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight/day for 15 days. A significant decrease in epididymal spermatozoa counts was observed at 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses of DBP. The activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase was found to be significantly decreased while that of lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, beta-glucuronidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, significantly increased in the animals exposed to 500 and 1000 mg/kg of DBP. Decrease in the activity of acid phosphatase was also observed at all dose levels. Histopathological studies revealed marked degeneration of seminiferous tubules, further confirming testicular toxicity of DBP. The results suggest that testicular atrophy caused by DBP is associated with an alteration in the activities of enzymes related with specific events of spermatogenesis.
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PMID:Testicular toxicity of di-n-butyl phthalate in adult rats: effect on marker enzymes of spermatogenesis. 236 10

A solution hybridization assay is systematically characterized and used to quantitate glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) mRNA from epididymal fat pads in fasted and glucose-induced rats. G6PD mRNA and specific activity increase 9-fold and 2-fold, respectively. The 9-fold increase in G6PD synthesis reported previously (Wolfe et al. (1979) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 89, 108-115) can, therefore, be accounted for by the increase in G6PD mRNA. This solution hybridization assay is sensitive enough to quantitative levels of G6PD mRNA in total liver RNA from a fasted rat, one of the least abundant sources of this mRNA. It can, therefore, be used to answer several questions about the regulation of G6PD synthesis in rat tissues. Preliminary results suggest that the dietary regulation of G6PD mRNA in rat liver is much larger than previously reported.
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PMID:Solution hybridization quantitation of G6PD mRNA in rat epididymal fat pads. 240 Jul 87

Effect of three antiandrogens: cyproterone acetate (5 mg/day, sc), flutamide (5 mg/day, sc) and STS-557 (5 mg/day, po) and an estrogen, estradiol dipropionate (5 micrograms/day, sc) on some key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism was investigated in adult rat epididymis and ventral prostate. Antiandrogens were administered for 21 days and estrogen for 14 days. All of them caused a significant decrease in the weight of epididymis, seminal vesicles and ventral prostate. A significant decrease in the specific activities of enzymes (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) occurred only in the organs of estrogen treated rats; activities of some of the enzymes were lowered also in the prostate of STS-557 treated rats. Flutamide and cyproterone acetate were ineffective in this regard. The possible factors responsible for the ineffectiveness of synthetic antiandrogens in influencing epididymal metabolism are discussed.
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PMID:Effect of antiandrogens on some key enzymes of glycolysis in epididymis and ventral prostate of rat. 253 Jan 66

We have developed radiometric assays for small quantities of glycerol, glucose and glycogen, based on a technique described by Thorner and Paulus (1971, J. Biol. Chem. 246, 3885-3894) for the measurement of glycerokinase activity. In the glycerol assay, glycerol is phosphorylated with [32P]ATP and glycerokinase, residual [32P]ATP is hydrolyzed by heating in acid, and free [32P]phosphate is removed by precipitation with ammonium molybdate and triethylamine. Standard dose-response curves were linear from 50 to 3000 pmol glycerol with less than 3% SD in triplicate measurements. Of the substances tested for interference, only dihydroxyacetone gave a slight false positive signal at high concentration. When used to measure glycerol concentrations in serum and in media from incubated adipose tissue, the radiometric glycerol assay correlated well with a commonly used spectrophotometric assay. The radiometric glucose assay is similar to the glycerol assay, except that glucokinase is used instead of glycerokinase. Dose response was linear from 5 to 3000 pmol glucose with less than 3% SD in triplicate measurements. Glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine gave false positive signals when equimolar to glucose. When glucose concentrations in serum were measured, the radiometric glucose assay agreed well with hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H/GDH)-based and glucose oxidase/H2O2-based glucose assays. The radiometric method for glycogen measurement incorporates previously described isolation and digestion techniques, followed by the radiometric assay of free glucose. When used to measure glycogen in mouse epididymal fat pads, the radiometric glycogen assay correlated well with the H/GDH-based glycogen assay. All three radiometric assays offer several practical advantages over spectral assays.
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PMID:Radiometric assays for glycerol, glucose, and glycogen. 281 33

Intramuscular injections of 0.2 mg cyproterone acetate (CA) or flutamide every other day for 6 weeks resulted in the inhibition of spermatogenesis. While CA treatment reduced the weight of the testis significantly, flutamide did not. Inhibition of steroidogenesis, indicated by an accumulation of sudanophilic lipid and a decrease in delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, was evident in the Leydig cells of CA-treated testis. Flutamide, on the other hand, had no effect on the activity of Leydig cells. A marked decline in epididymal weight, as well as reduction in epithelial cell height, was caused by both CA and flutamide. The epithelial cells of epididymes of treated lizards exhibited an accumulation of sudanophilic lipid material in their cytoplasm. However, sudanophilic secretions present in the lumina of epididymal tubules were greatly reduced. This indicates either lack of synthesis of lipid or decrease in its turn over. Our results are in agreement with those obtained in mammalian species after CA or flutamide treatment where a decrease in fertility is suggested.
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PMID:Effects of cyproterone acetate and flutamide on the testis and epididymis of the Indian wall lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis (Ruppell). 294 71


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