Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. LDH activity and isozyme pattern were examined in the liver and epididymal fat pad of animals in 12 different sublines of the Upjohn Chinese hamster colony, which was established to produce animals with spontaneous diabetes. 2. Considerable divergence was observed and the animals could be divided into 3 groups according to LDH-H activity. Each group was significantly different from the other in epididymal fat pad LDH-1, 2,3 and 5 and liver LDH-3, 4 and 5. 3. The variance in LDH isozyme pattern bore no relationship to the state of diabetes but appeared to arise from other genetic determinants. However, within a single subline, a significant correlation between blood sugar and epididymal fat pad LDH-5 was observed.
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PMID:Variance in LDH isozyme patterns in a Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) colony. 31 57

Alloxan diabetes and injections of hydrocortisone into intact animals for 5-7 days resulted in a sharp decrease of NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase in rat epididymal adipose tissue. Combined injection of insulin and hydrocortisone did not produce the decrease of the enzyme activity. Insulin injections into alloxan diabetic rats recovered the activity of NADP-malate dehydrogenase up to the control. Pyruvate kinase activity was decreased under diabetes, and insulin injections produced further decrease of the enzyme activity in diabetic rats. Activities of lactate dehydrogenase and NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase were less decreased under diabetes. Comparison of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes spectrum in adipose tissue of normal and diabetic rats revealed a considerable increase of LDH-1 and a decrease of LDH-4 under diabetes. Insulin injections greatly normalized LDH isoenzyme spectrum.
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PMID:[Antagonism in the action of hydrocortisone and insulin in vivo on enzymes of pyruvate and malate metabolism in adipose tissue]. 97 79

The presence of non-sperm components (NSC) in "washed" rabbit epididymal and ejaculated collections and their interference with the analysis of sperm proteins have been demonstrated. NSC were also found in ejaculates from normal and vasectomized humans and from vasectomized rabbits, and in epididymal preparations from guinea pigs. They comprise about 80% of the total number of particles in rabbit ejaculates and 35% in human ejaculates. The dry weight is approximately equally distributed in rabbit ejaculates between NSC and sperm. The majority of the LDH isozyme activity of the "washed particles" in an ejaculate were associated with the NSC and this study shows that "washed particle" preparations are not equivalent to sperm and that NSC must first be separated from the sperm themselves for studies of sperm proteins to be meaningful. A method for the separation of the NSC from the sperm by equilibrium sedimentation in gradients of sucrose-D20 is described.
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PMID:Separation of non-sperm components from seminal preparations and effect on the analysis of sperm proteins. 109 60

Male Wistar rats were exposed to ethylene oxide (EO) at concentrations of 50, 100, or 250 ppm for six hours a day, on five days a week for 13 weeks. Dose effect relations of inhaled EO on spermatogenesis were evaluated from testicular and epididymal weights, histopathological changes and lactate dehydrogenase X (LDH X) activity in the testis, and sperm counts and sperm head abnormalities in the epididymis. At 250 ppm, a decrease in epididymal weights, slight degenerations in the seminiferous tubules, decreased sperm counts, and increased numbers of abnormal sperm heads in the tail of the epididymis were found; these were not seen at lower doses. When the abnormal sperm heads were classified into immature types and teratic types, the number of immature heads increased only at 250 ppm. On the other hand, the teratic type had increased at doses of 50 and 100 ppm EO when compared with the control group. Hence, subchronic inhalation of EO at low concentrations affects spermatogenesis in rats.
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PMID:Dose dependent effects of inhaled ethylene oxide on spermatogenesis in rats. 202 94

Inhibition of spermatogenesis and turnover of basic nuclear protein in late elongated spermatids of rat testis by Tripterygium wilfordii monomer T4 was more obvious than that by gossypol. Clustered positive deposits of gamma-GT, ALP reaction were found in the inner edges of epididymal epithelium. Head and tail separation, mid-piece coiling and axial fiber dislocation of epididymal spermatozoa in T4 treated rats were more obvious than those of gossypol-treated rats. Mitochondrial LDH, LDH-X and MDH were also found to be inhibited by T4. T4 did not significantly affect enzyme activities in kidney and liver, though it did cause slight changes. Effects of T4 on the chief rat organs were milder than those of gossypol, except for a more obvious antifertility effect. The authors suggest that T4 may be developed into an ideal male contraceptive.
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PMID:[Comparative studies on antifertility mechanism and toxicology of Tripterygium wilfordii monomer T4 and gossypol]. 215 Dec 63

Peptide fragments of lactate dehydrogenase-C4 (LDH-C4) that contain antigenic sequences of the native protein have been identified. The present study describes the binding to murine and human spermatozoa of antibodies that were produced against synthetic peptides containing two of these sequences. Rabbits were immunized with peptides designated MC5-15 and MC211-220, conjugated to diphtheria toxoid (DT). Antisera from these rabbits were tested for binding to washed mouse epididymal sperm or human ejaculated spermatozoa using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Antisera bind to mouse sperm in this system at dilutions of 1:64,000. When these antisera are first absorbed with the native LDH-C4 molecule, significant inhibition of binding to sperm results. Antisera to both DT-MC5-15 and DT-MC211-220 bind to human sperm with similar but weaker patterns than seen with mouse sperm. These data indicate that the immune response to synthetic peptides containing antigenic sequences of LDH-C4 includes antibodies that specifically bind to this enzyme on the surface of sperm. In addition, there are shared antigenic sequences between mouse and human LDH-C4, including the MC5-15 and MC211-220 peptides.
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PMID:Binding of antibodies against antigenic domains of murine lactate dehydrogenase-C4 to human and mouse spermatozoa. 241 40

This study was undertaken with a view to investigate the possible mechanism(s) of antifertility action of gossypol acetate in rats and hamsters. Adult male rats were treated by gavage with 30 mg/kg/day of gossypol for 7 weeks and adult male hamsters were treated similarly with 20 mg/kg/day gossypol for 8 weeks. The treatment caused a marked reduction in the weights of testis and epididymis. Histological examination of the testis in the two species revealed presence of seminiferous tubules showing varying degrees of damage along with a large number of normal tubules. Exfoliation of germ cells and spermatogenic arrest at spermatid stage was a common feature. Leydig cells presented normal morphological features. Though there was a reduction in the diameter of epididymal tubules, the epithelium did not show any morphological alterations. Examination of vasal flushings revealed marked reduction in sperm population and consisted of decapitated and immotile spermatozoa. Gossypol caused a significant reduction in the levels of total protein, RNA and DNA, and a marginal decrease in glycogen content in the testis. This was accompanied by a reduction in the activities of SDH and MDH. Except for LDH activity which showed a marked rise, there was no effect on glycolytic enzymes in the testis. The concentrations of glycerylphosphorylcholine and sialic acid were reduced in the cauda epididymis. The antifertility effects of gossypol appear to be due to its action both on testis as well as on epididymis.
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PMID:Studies on mechanism(s) of antifertility action of gossypol in rat and hamster. 246 50

Adult male Wister rats when administered with 15 mg/kg body weight/day of gossypol acetic acid proved to be sterile by 10 weeks of treatment. The weight of the whole epididymis did not deviate from the controls but when the caput, corpus and cauda epididymidis were considered separately, the cauda epididymidis weight was significantly reduced. The major changes were observed in the motor apparatus of the sperm. The most common defects in the sperm were the vacuolization and complete degeneration of the midpiece mitochondria and plasma membrane. The total LDH activity of caput and cauda epididymidis were within the range of control values. Sialic acid levels of the epididymis were not affected after the treatment. These results suggest a more proximal site of action of the drug than at the epididymal level.
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PMID:Ultrastructural and biochemical changes in epididymis and vas deferens of gossypol treated rats. 258 42

Given the observation that naturally occurring antibodies to eggs and sperm can cause infertility, it seems feasible to pursue development of an infertility vaccine based on the induction of a specific immune response to gamete or early embryo antigens. Antibodies directed to the zona pellucida have been researched, but at current levels of purification, result in reduced ovarian hormone production. Of the numerous sperm antigens, LDH-C4 appears most promising for use in a vaccine. In the past decade, antisperm antibody investigations have focused on surface antibodies and sperm mixed agglutination reactions. It appears that antibodies in accessory fluids bind to sperm during ejaculation and/or antisperm antibodies enter the male tract at the epididymal level or higher. Antibodies directed against egg or sperm may prevent or modify the normal process of capacitation in which sperm undergo a series of biochemical and morphological transformations. Antisperm antibodies can suppress fertility by preventing sperm transport through cervical mucus or impeding the sperm-egg interaction during fertilization. The definition of sperm antigens associated with infertility--essential for development of a contraceptive vaccine--is being facilitated by monoclonal antibody techniques and DNA technology. Since the sperm surface is organized into highly specialized and distinct regions, cell recognition is an important research area. Most salient to the recognition and regulation of cell interaction are the components of the sperm plasma membrane and the zona pellucida.
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PMID:Natural and induced immunological infertility. 267 49

An ethanolic extract of the tender shoots of Bambusa arundinaceae was administered at 300 mg/kg per rat per day for 7 days to adult male rats to assess epididymal structural and functional activity. Sperm motility decreased markedly in the cauda epididymal fluid and sperm count decreased significantly in both caput and caudal segments of the epididymis. Histologically, a reduction in epithelial and stereocilia height (in both segments) and lumen diameter (in cauda) was noted. An increase in intertubular stroma was also evident. Epididymal weights, activities of acid phosphatase and total LDH were reduced in both epididymal segments. Protein concentration was appreciably increased only in the caudal segment. Extract therapy impaired the structural and functional integrity of the epididymis.
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PMID:Effects of bamboo buds: structural and functional changes in the epididymis of rats. 274 54


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