Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1,1,1- and 1,1,3-trichloroacetones (TCA) result from the disinfection of municipal water supplies with chlorine, and are direct-acting mutagens in the Ames/Salmonella assay. The objective of this study was to further investigate the genotoxicity of these compounds in mammalian cells using an in vitro chromosomal aberration assay in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and the micronucleus and spermhead abnormality assays in mice. Both compounds induced significant increases in structural chromosomal aberrations in CHO cells in the presence and in the absence of rat S9 metabolic activation (MA). 1,1,3-TCA was more cytotoxic to CHO cells but 1,1,1-TCA resulted in a higher proportion of cells with aberrations. The clastogenic activities of both compounds were reduced in assays conducted with MA. Neither compound resulted in the induction of a significant increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes from bone marrow of Swiss-Webster mice when administered by oral gavage; nor were effects seen on the incidence of sperm with head-shape abnormalities, testis weight, or epididymal sperm concentration in B6C3F1 mice 21 or 35 days after treatment. These data indicate that the drinking water contaminants 1,1,1- and 1,1,3-TCA are clastogenic in vitro, but are not clastogenic to bone marrow cells in vivo, and do not adversely affect several indicators of testicular function in mice.
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PMID:Activity of 1,1,1- and 1,1,3-trichloroacetones in a chromosomal aberration assay in CHO cells and the micronucleus and spermhead abnormality assays in mice. 320 62

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was measured in 15 sheep tissues by spectrophotometric assay with hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine as substrate. Captopril inhibited the ACE activities of all the tissues. The ACE activity was highest in caput epididymidis, corpus epididymidis, cauda epididymidis, kidney and testis. The ACE activity was moderate in retina, little in cornea and lowest in lens. The greater increase in epididymal ACE activity than that of testicular ACE activity on maturation indicates that epididymal ACE may be highly sensitive to hormones. Chloride functioned as non-essential activator of corneal and retinal ACE. The ACE activities of sheep tissues are compared with those found in other species and probable role of ACE in different tissues is discussed.
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PMID:Distribution and some properties of sheep (Ovis aries) angiotension converting enzyme. 813 3

Certain chlorine-substituted sugars with chemical similarities to sucralose have been demonstrated previously to diminish or inhibit sperm glycolysis and fertility in the rat ([Ford]). In order to investigate this potential for sucralose, epididymal spermatozoa were recovered from rats exposed in vivo to oral doses of one of three of these substituted sugars: 6-chloroglucose (6-CG, 24mg/kg/day, positive control), sucralose (500mg/kg/day, over 300 times the expected human daily intake), or a 6'-substituted isomer of sucralose, trichloro de-oxy sucrose (TCDS, 100mg/kg/day, a potential trace impurity in commercial sucralose); distilled water served as the negative control. After incubation of the spermatozoa with D-[U-(14)C] glucose, measurements of (14)CO(2) and of ATP content showed no impairment of the glycolytic ability of spermatozoa in any of the groups except for a marked inhibition for those exposed to 6-CG, the positive control. In order to determine whether other parameters of reproduction and fertility could be affected, reproductive endpoints were examined following oral exposure of male and female rats to sucralose. Sucralose was fed in the diet at concentrations of 0, 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0% (approx. 100, 365 and 1150 times the EDI) to groups of 30 male and 30 female rats for 10 weeks prior to mating, and continued through two subsequent generations until weaning of the F(2) pups. Two litters were produced per generation. Food consumption and weight gain in the F(0) and F(1) generations were depressed in all sucralose groups before mating and in all four litters prior to weaning. The decrease in initial average weight for newborn pups probably reflects the increased litter sizes noted for sucralose-treated groups and the reduced food consumption of the dams during gestation and lactation. The latter is a result primarily of the unpalatability of sucralose to rats ([McNeil,]). Caecal enlargement (a common animal response to large doses of indigestible material) occurred in both the F(0) and F(1) parents. Increased kidney weights, possibly associated with increased water intake, were observed primarily among animals receiving 3% sucralose (no renal histopathology has been detected). Decreased thymus weights occurred in F(1) males and in both F(1) and F(2) females at the 3% level. Subsequent studies specifically designed to investigate the potential for adverse immune system effects of sucralose ([McNeil,]) showed no adverse effects. These findings are consistent with investigations by others showing that decreases in thymus weights occur in young rats in response to stressful conditions associated with reductions in weight gain. All reproductive indices (oestrous cycles, mating behaviour, fertility, gestation, maternal and foetal viability, foetal development, parturition, pup maturation and lactation) were comparable between the control and sucralose-treated groups. We conclude from these results that sucralose has no effect on sperm glycolysis or on male or female reproductive performance in the rat.
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PMID:Sucralose: lack of effects on sperm glycolysis and reproduction in the rat. 1088 15

Synthetic, spectroscopic and antimicrobial aspects of some fertility inhibitor heterobimetallic complexes have been carried out. These heterobimetallic chelates [M(C(5)H(5)N(3))(2)M(2)'(R)(4)]Cl(2) (M = Pd or Pt and M' = Si, Sn, Ti and Zr) have been successfully synthesinzed via the reaction of M(C(5)H(7)N(3))(2)Cl(2) with group four or fourteen dichlorides in 1:2 stoichiometric proportions. The products were characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight determinations, magnetic susceptibility measurements, conductance, and IR multinuclear NMR and electronic spectral studies. A square planar geometry has been suggested for all the complexes with the help of spectral data. Conductivity data strongly suggest that chlorine atoms are ionic in nature due to which complexes behave as electrolytes. All the complexes have been evaluated for their antmicrobial effects on different species of pathogenic fungi and bacteria. The testicular sperm density, testicular sperm morphology, sperm motility, density of cauda epididymal spermatozoa and fertility in mating trails and biochemical parameters of reproductive organs have been examined and discussed.
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PMID:Fertility Inhibitor Heterobimetallic Complexes of Platinum(II) and Palladium(II): Synthetic, Spectroscopic and Antimicrobial Aspects. 1847 32