Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of hydrocortisone and cortisone on spermatozoal motility in vitro were tested Hydrocortisone at concentrations of 50, 100 and 1000 nmoles/ml was effective in activating in vitro the forward migration and the motility of boar spermatozoa recovered from the cauda epididymidis. Where boar epididymal spermatozoa were incubated with hydrocortisone at concentrations of 50, 100 and 1000 nmoles/ml for between 0 and 24 h at 25 degrees C in vitro, the spermatozoal motility was significantly higher than where no hydrocortisone was added. With ejaculated boar spermatozoa, hydrocortisone at concentrations of 100 and 1000 nmoles/ml increased the spermatozoal motility for between 0 and 2 h and at concentration of 50 nmoles/ml increased spermatozoal motility for between 2 and 24 hr at 25 degrees C in vitro. After 4 incubation, the effect of hydrocortisone at a concentration of 100 nmoles/ml on boar ejaculated sperm motility was not significantly different from the control. But, hydrocortisone at a concentration of 1000 nmoles/ml inhibited for forward migration of boar ejaculated sperm after it had been incubated with the sperm for 6 h. Cortisone, although structurally similar to hydrocortisone, had no significant effect in improving the motility of boar spermatozoa. Both hydrocortisone and cortisone had no demonstrable effect on the forward migration and the motility of human spermatozoa in vitro.
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PMID:Activation of spermatozoal forward migration in vitro by hydrocortisone. 720 83

Results of two toxicity studies of Compound E, which is an anticancer drug, on male reproductive organs and fertility by oral repeated dosing at dose levels of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/day for 4 and 9 weeks in rats were compared. After repeated dosing, the male fertility was studied by mating with untreated female animals. At the dose of 50 mg/kg/day in the 4-week study, Compound E significantly decreased testes weight and number of epididymal sperm, caused histopathological changes in the testis and epididymis characterized by decreased germ cells, but did not affect fertility. The dose of 25 mg/kg/day in the 9-week study caused reduction in epididymal weight and number of epididymal sperm and histopathological changes in the testis. The dose of 50 mg/kg/day in the 9-week study was lethal and caused more prominent toxic effects in the reproductive organs and loss of fertility. The present studies suggest that the order of sensitivity of parameters on male reproductive organs is as follows; histopathological examination = organ weight > number of sperm in epididymis > pregnancy index> copulation index. Further, 4-weeks repeated dosing is of sufficient duration to predict adverse effects of test compounds.
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PMID:Effects of repeated doses of compound E for 4 and 9 weeks on the male reproductive organs. 866 48

The International Space Station will allow extended habitation in space and long-term exposure to microgravity (microG). A concern is the impact of long-term microG exposure on the ability of species to reproduce. The model often used to simulate microG is rat hindlimb suspension (HLS), where the hindlimbs are elevated above the cage floor with a tail harness. Experiments described here are the first to examine the effect of long-term HLS on testicular function in adult male rats. Free-roaming (controls), animals with only the tail harnessed but hindlimbs in contact with the cage floor (TO), and HLS animals were tested for 6 wk. Cryptorchidism was prevented in TO and HLS animals by partial constriction of the inguinal canal with sutures. All parameters were compared at the end of the 6-wk experiment. Testicular weights and spermatogenesis were significantly reduced by HLS, such that no spermatogenic cells beyond round spermatids were present and epididymides were devoid of mature sperm. In many tubules, loss of all germ cells, except a few spermatogonia, resulting in histopathology similar to the Sertoli cell, was observed. Spermatogenesis appeared unaffected in control and TO animals. Sertoli and Leydig cell appearance, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, and epididymal and seminal vesicle weight were unchanged by HLS. Cortisone was not elevated by HLS; thus stress may not be a factor. These results demonstrate that spermatogenesis is severely inhibited by long-term HLS, whereas testicular androgen production is not. These results have significant implications regarding serious effects of long-term exposure to microG on the reproductive capability of scrotal mammals, including humans.
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PMID:Long-term (6-wk) hindlimb suspension inhibits spermatogenesis in adult male rats. 1184 58