Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of vitamins on PCB (Aroclor 1254)-induced spermiotoxicity using qualitative, quantitative and biochemical approaches. Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain were randomly divided into four groups, each group consists of six animals. The control group received corn oil, the second group of rats were administered Aroclor 1254 at a dose of 2 mg/kg bw/day intraperitoneally for 30 days. The third group of rats were treated with Aroclor 1254 along with alpha-tocopherol (50 mg/kg of bw/day) for 30 days, while the fourth group of rats were treated with Aroclor 1254 along with ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg bw/day) orally for 30 days. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, control and experimental animals were killed by decapitation. Sperm was collected from the cauda epididymal region and its count and motility were detected. Sperm was sonicated and used for the estimation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [hydroxyl radical (HO(*)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))], non-enzymic antioxidants [alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione (GSH)], activity of enzymic antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)] and lipid peroxidation (LPO). The result of this experiment shows that PCB significantly decreases the level of alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and GSH and the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and GST with elevated levels of ROS and LPO. In addition, decreased epididymal sperm motility and count were observed. Simultaneous supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid restored these parameters to that of normal range. In conclusion, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid exhibited protective effect on sperm by inhibiting PCB-induced ROS generation.
 ...
PMID:Ameliorative effect of vitamins (alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid) on PCB (Aroclor 1254) induced oxidative stress in rat epididymal sperm. 1726 75

The present study investigates the testicular and adrenocortical activities under different doses and durations of chromium (Cr) exposure and their interactions. Mature male Sprague Dawley rats were injected daily with three different doses (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/kg bw) of Cr salt (K(2)Cr(2)O(7)) intraperitonealy for 13 and 26 days, respectively. The medium (0.4 mg/kg bw/day) and higher dose (0.6 mg/kg bw/day) of Cr significantly (p<0.05) decrease accessory sex organs weight, testicular Delta(5)3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and 17beta-HSD activities, epididymal sperm count, effective spermatid degeneration, serum testosterone, LH level, testicular catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities while testicular lipid peroxidation, serum FSH, corticosterone level, adrenal weight and adrenal Delta(5)3beta-HSD activity increased significantly than that of control and lower dose (0.2 mg/kg bw/day) Cr exposed animals. Testicular histoarchitechture shows deterioration after critical dose (0.4 mg/kg bw/day) and duration (26 days) of Cr exposure. Cr induced alterations on testicular and adrenocortical activities are dose and duration dependent. Adrecortical hyperactivity accompanied by testicular oxidative stress might have a crucial role for Cr induced male reproductive impairment.
 ...
PMID:Chromium induced testicular impairment in relation to adrenocortical activities in adult albino rats. 1782 70

The carboxylic antibiotic ionophore monensin is well-known for the Na+/H+ exchanger activity across the biological membranes. The current study has been designed to investigate the effect of monensin on spermatozoal concentration, motility, and oxidative stress-related parameters in the rat epididymis. Monensin was administered orally at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg body weight daily for 70 days, a duration that coincides with the completion of the spermatogenic cycle. At the end of the respective treatment, the epididymis was isolated into three separate regions--the capitum, corpus, and the cauda--successively away from the head of the testis. Marked changes were noted in the body weight, organ (epididymis) weight, sperm concentration and motility, as well as the morphologic observations of the sperm and the histologic architecture of the epididymal epithelium. Significant alterations were also recorded in the oxidative stress parameters such as the lipid peroxidation product, malonyldialdehyde, and the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione sulfotransferase, glutathione reductase, and catalase. The nonenzymatic thiol content such as the total, oxidized, and reduced glutathione showed significant changes and the tissue phosphatases such as alkaline and acid phosphatase were increased, indicative of the interference of the drug in lysosomal and Golgi membrane complex. The findings of the current study indicate interactions during the spermatozoal maturational process in the epididymis, and a significant potential use of monensin in male contraception may be suggested.
 ...
PMID:Oxidative effects of Na+--specific ionophore monensin on the rat epididymis. 1793 28

The effect of tacrolimus on epididymal biochemical markers was investigated following single daily subcutaneous doses of 1, 2 and 3 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 2 weeks to male adult rats. The tacrolimus 2 and 3 mg kg(-1) day(-1) groups showed a significant and dose-dependent decrease in sperm count in the cauda epididymis. Among tissue levels of L-carnitine, alpha-glucosidase and acid phosphatase, only L-carnitine level in the cauda epididymis was significantly reduced in the tacrolimus 3 mg kg(-1)day(-1) group. However, no significant difference was seen in the plasma L-carnitine. It was suggested that lowering of L-carnitine in the cauda epididymis was attributable to the adverse effect on epididymal function to transport and/or concentrate L-carnitine. Since L-carnitine has been reported to have antioxidant potential, antioxidant defense enzymes in the cauda epididymis such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were evaluated. The results showed no significant differences in activities, confirming that the treatment with tacrolimus did not affect the activities of these antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, this study indicates that tacrolimus induces a decrease in L-carnitine level in the cauda epididymis, which is probably caused by impairment of epididymal function to transport and/or concentrate L-carnitine from bloodstream, and a decrease in sperm count.
 ...
PMID:Effect of tacrolimus on the cauda epididymis in rats: analysis of epididymal biochemical markers or antioxidant defense enzymes. 1798 78

Tetracycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic employed clinically in the treatment of bacteria infections, is known to cause a number of biochemical dysfunctions and suspected to induce testicular damage to animals and humans, but there is paucity of data on its effect and mechanism of action on the male reproductive system. The present study therefore evaluates its spermatotoxic and testicular toxicity in male rats and the chemoprotective effects of Vitamin C (Vit C) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Tetracycline was administered orally at the dose level of 28.6 mg/kg body weight per day in two equal divided doses (12h interval). Vit C and NAC were also administered orally to the rats at doses of 200 and 50 mg/kg body weight per day, respectively, for the 14 days of the experiment. While there was no change in the body weights of rats, tetracycline administration caused significant decrease in the relative weights of testis, epididymis and seminal vesicles (P<0.05). Administration of tetracycline caused a reduction in the epididymal sperm motility, percentage of live spermatozoa, sperm count, and an increase in abnormal sperm morphology, as well as induction of adverse histopathologic changes in the testes. While Vit C and NAC significantly mitigated the toxic effect of tetracycline on sperm parameters, the antioxidants did not improve the adverse histopathologic changes induced by antibiotic. Treatment of rats with tetracycline significantly decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the levels of GSH and serum testosterone, while the activity of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. Both Vit C and NAC significantly attenuated the toxic effects of tetracycline to the antioxidant and testicular marker enzymes as well as markers of oxidative stress. Collectively, the results suggest that therapeutic dose of tetracycline elicits spermatotoxic and testicular toxicity in male rats through induction of oxidative stress. The chemoprotective effects of Vit C and NAC during tetracycline treatment suggest that these antioxidants may find clinical application in cellular damage involving reactive oxygen species (ROS).
 ...
PMID:Tetracycline-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats: effects of vitamin C and N-acetylcysteine. 1840 88

Present study examines effects of curcumin and vitamin E on oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant defence enzymes and oxidized (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in testis of L-thyroxine (T4)-induced hyperthyroid rats. The oxidative stress in T4-treated rat testis was evident from elevation in oxidative stress parameters such as lipid peroxide and protein carbonyl contents, decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. This is accompanied with decrease in number and mortality of epididymal sperms. When the T4-treated rats were fed with vitamin E and/or curcumin, the lipid peroxide and protein carbonyl contents in crude homogenates of testes decreased to normal level. Treatment of curcumin and/or vitamin E to T4-treated rats resulted in elevation of SOD level in postmitochondrial fraction (PMF) and mitochondrial fraction (MF) and CAT in PMF, with decreased GPx activity in MF. However, curcumin or vitamin E was unable to change GPx activity alone but in together they elevated the GPx in PMF of T4-treated rat testis. Both the antioxidants are incapable of producing significant changes in GSH:GSSG ratio of PMF of T4-treated rats. In MF, GSH:GSSG ratio elevated and decreased respectively by curcumin and vitamin E treatments to T4-treated rats, however, in together these antioxidants caused an elevated GSH:GSSG ratio with a value less than when vitamin E given alone to T4-treated rats. Vitamin E not the curcumin elevates total sperm count and percentage of live sperm impaired by hyperthyroid state. In summary, both vitamin E and curcumin are efficient in protecting testis from oxidative stress generated by T4 mainly in restoring antioxidant enzymes to the level of euthyroid animals up to some extent but vitamin E is more efficient than curcumin.
 ...
PMID:Protective effects of vitamin E and curcumin on L-thyroxine-induced rat testicular oxidative stress. 1872 6

Cadmium (Cd) is known to exert gonadotoxic and spermiotoxic effects. The present study was performed to assess the possible protective roles of onion (Allium cepa Linn) and garlic (Allium sativum Linn) extracts on Cd-induced testicular damage and spermiotoxicity. The control group received double distilled water; Cd group received Cd (1.5mg/100g BW/day) orally; extract-treated groups were pre-treated with varied doses of onion and/or garlic extract (0.5ml and 1.0ml/100g BW/day) orally for one week and then simultaneously challenged with Cd (1.5mg/100g BW/day) for additional three weeks. Testicular tissue oxidant/antioxidant status and sperm characteristics were determined. Cd caused a marked (p<0.001) rise in testicular lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels whereas glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were decreased. Cd intoxication significantly (p<0.001) decreased epididymal sperm concentration and sperm progress motility, increased percent total sperm abnormalities and live/dead count. Both extracts successfully attenuated these adverse effects of Cd. Onion extract offers a dose-dependent protection. Our study demonstrated that aqueous extracts of onion and garlic could proffer a measure of protection against Cd-induced testicular oxidative damage and spermiotoxicity by possibly reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing the antioxidant defence mechanism in rats.
 ...
PMID:Protective roles of onion and garlic extracts on cadmium-induced changes in sperm characteristics and testicular oxidative damage in rats. 1882 5

To investigate the ameliorative potential of sodium selenite and zinc sulfate on intensive-swimming-induced testicular disorders, 48 Wistar male rats (age, 4 months; mass, 146.2 +/- 3.6 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups: the unexercised-control group (n = 12); the exercised group (n = 12); the control supplemented group (n = 12); and the exercised supplemented group (n = 12). For 10 weeks, the exercised rats underwent a protocol that consisted of 4 h.d-1 swimming, for 6 d.week-1; the control rats did not exercise. For 10 weeks, both the supplemented groups received an oral daily dose of a combination of sodium selenite and zinc sulfate (6 and 3 mg.kg body mass-1, respectively). After 10 weeks, a significant reduction (p < 0.05) was seen in rats in the exercised group, compared with rats in both control groups, in paired testicular masses; in epididymal sperm count; in testicular Delta5, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and 17beta-HSD; in plasma levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prolactin; in the numbers of preleptotine spermatocytes, midpachytene spermatocytes, and stage 7 spermatids of the stage VII seminiferous epithelium cycle; and in fertility performance. As well, a significant increase (p < 0.05) was seen in the exercised group, compared with both control groups, in plasma corticosterone levels and in testicular content of malondialdehyde and catalase activity. At the same time, there was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the exercised group, compared with both control groups, in plasma concentrations of zinc and selenium; in the testicular content of glutathione (GSH), the glutathione and glutathione disulphide (GSSG) ratio, ascorbic acid, and alpha-tocopherol; and in testicular activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione-peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase in the testes. No significant changes were seen in the number of spermatogonia-A from the stage VII seminiferous epithelium cycle or the testicular content of GSSG among the groups. Sodium selenite and zinc sulfate supplementation significantly protected against exercise-induced testicular gamatogenic and spermatogenic disorders, prevented testicular oxidative stress, and increased antioxidant status. It can be concluded that intensive-swimming-induced oxidative stress causes dysfunctions in the male reproductive system, which can be protected by the coadministration of sodium selenite and zinc sulfate.
 ...
PMID:Protective effect of sodium selenite and zinc sulfate on intensive swimming-induced testicular gamatogenic and steroidogenic disorders in mature male rats. 1892 65

The aim of the current study is to investigate the therapeutic and preventive effects of 1alpha, 25dihydroxyvitaminD3 (1,25 (OH)2 D3) and Afuga iva (AI) extract on diabetes toxicity in rats testes. Thus diabetic rats were treated with 1alpha, 25dihydroxyvitaminD3 or Ajuga iva extract as both therapeutic and preventive treatments on diabetes toxicity in rats testes. Our results showed that diabetes induced a decrease in testosterone and 17beta-estradiol levels in testes and plasma. Besides, a fall in testicular antioxidant capacity appeared by a decrease in both antioxidant (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities) and nonenzymatic antioxidant (copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe) levels). All theses changes enhanced testicular toxicity (increase in testicular aspartate amino transaminase (AST), alanine amino transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and the lipid peroxidation and triglyceride (TG) levels). In addition, a decrease in testicular total cholesterol (TCh) level was observed in diabetic rats testes. All the changes lead to a decrease in the total number and mobility of epididymal spermatozoa. The administration of 1alpha,25dihydroxyvitaminD3 and Ajuga iva extract three weeks before and after diabetes induction interfered and prevented diabetes toxicity in the reproductive system. 1,25 (OH)2 D3 and Ajuga iva extract blunted all changes observed in diabetic rats. To sum up, the data suggested that 1,25 (OH)2 D3 and Ajuga iva extract have a protective effect on alloxan-induced damage in reproductive system by enhancing the testosterone and 17beta-estradiol levels, consequently protecting from oxidative stress, cellular toxicity and maintaining the number and motility of spermatozoids.
 ...
PMID:Inhibitory effects of 1alpha, 25dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Ajuga iva extract on oxidative stress, toxicity and hypo-fertility in diabetic rat testes. 1924 37

The epididymis is an important organ in the male genital system, which is responsible for the maturation, transportation and storage of spermatozoa. The proper function of the epididymis is closely related with its robust physiological metabolism, and free radicals are inevitably produced as a consequence. An excess of free radicals would lead to the oxidative stress of the epididymis, damage the sperm membrane and DNA, seriously affect sperm maturation and result in male infertility. This article reviews the mechanism of epididymal oxidative stress in energy metabolism and inflammatory reaction as well as the roles of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase, glutathione and thioredoxin in the antioxidant process, offering a new insight into the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.
 ...
PMID:[Update of the studies on epididymal oxidative stress]. 1932 79


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>