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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lipolytic activity was studied in brown and white adipose tissue of rats in vitro. 5-Hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT), phenylephrine, noradrenaline, adrenaline and isoprenaline were used as adipokinetic agents. All stimulated lipolysis in brown adipose tissue, but 5-HT and phenyl-ephrine did not in white adipose tissue. A beta-blocking drug, propranolol, inhibited the stimulatory effect of the agents in both adipose tissues. However, an alpha-blocking drug, phentolamine, further increased the lipolysis induced by noradrenaline or adrenaline in brown adipose tissue and inhibited the effect of isoprenaline. In white adipose tissue, its action was to marginally decrease the effect of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Increase in the pH of the incubation medium stimulated FFA and glycerol release in brown adipose tissue, but not in the epididymal adipose tissue. This effect of pH on lipolysis was further enhanced by phentolamine and decreased by propranolol. Increase of lipolysis with pH was not seen with brown fat tissue from the reserpine-treated rats. These results show that brown adipose tissue of the rat has an alpha-receptor with inhibitory effects on lipolysis that is affected by alpha- or mixed-type adrenergic agonists, noradrenaline and adrenaline.
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PMID:Differences in responsiveness to adipokinetic agents between white epididymal and brown interscapula adipose tissue from rats. 3 Aug 17

The epithelium of the monkey epididymis was studied by means of freeze-fracture techniques and conventional electron microscopy. For the study of transepithelial permeability lanthanum hydroxide was used as an intercellular tracer. The epididymal epithelium consists mainly of tall columnar cells. The long stereocilia at the apical surface, similarly to microvilli, exhibit after freeze-fracture, two distinct faces: the E face, concave and with fewer membrane-associated particles, and the complementary convex P face. In the lumen unusual groups of smooth-surfaced vacuoles are present. A tight junctional network, which shows some permeability to the lanthanum tracer, is located at the apical end of the cells. Supranuclear cross-fractures clearly show the well developed Golgi cisternae and numerous vacuole profiles. The highly infolded, centrally located nucleus exhibits, after freeze-fracture, an even distribution of nuclear pores. In the perinuclear region the rough endoplasmic reticulum, which also presents pores, displays a sheet-like organization. The basal cytoplasm is filled by numerous globular profiles of membrane-bounded granules. Freeze-cleave exposes large cytoplasmic areas where the types and amount of organelles indicate an intense metabolic activity.
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PMID:Fine structure of the monkey epididymis: a correlated thin-section and freeze-cleave study. 11 68

New lanthanide methods for the histochemical detection of non-specific alkaline phosphatase in the light microscope are described and compared with already existing techniques for the light microscopical demonstration of this enzyme. To avoid formation of insoluble lanthanide hydroxide at alkaline pH citrate complexes with the capture ions cerium, lanthanum and didymium were used. A molar ratio of 11 mM citrate/14 mM capture reagent is proposed. For preincubated sections, pretreatment in chloroform-acetone and fixation in glutaraldehyde, for non-preincubated sections fixation in glutaraldehyde yielded the best results. 4-Methylumbelliferyl and 5-Br-4-Cl-3-indoxyl phosphate were found to be the most suitable substrates. For routine purposes 4-nitrophenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl and 2-glycerophosphate were also sufficient; naphthol AS phosphates were inferior but still suitable. After incubation for 5-60 min at 37 degrees C lanthanide phosphate was converted into lead phosphate which was visualized as lead sulfide. At pH 9.2-9.5 enzyme activity was demonstrated at many sites such as intestinal, uterine, placental, renal and epididymal microvillous zones, plasma membranes of arterial, sinus and capillary endothelial cells, vaginal and urethral epithelium, smooth muscle cells, myoepithelial cells as well as excretory duct cells of salivary and lacrimal glands and in secretory granules of laryngeal glands. In comparison with Gomori's calcium, Mayahara's lead, Burstone's and Pearse's azo-coupling, McGadey's tetrazolium salt and Gossrau's azoindoxyl coupling technique the lanthanide methods detected alkaline phosphatase activities at identical or additional sites depending on the respective procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Light-microscopic histochemistry of non-specific alkaline phosphatase using lanthanide-citrate complexes. 323 44

To confirm the hypotriglyceridemic effect of aluminum (Al), male weanling and adult Wistar rats were fed sucrose diets with the addition of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) or aluminum potassium sulfate (AlK(SO4)2) for 67 days. As in the foregoing report (C. Sugawara, N. Sugawara, H. Kiyosawa, and H. Miyake, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 10, 607-615), no Al-induced anemia or hypophosphatemia was observed and serum Al did not exceed 20 ng/ml. Serum triglyceride (TG) was decreased by aluminum. Serum TG was significantly correlated with the serum nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration in both the Young groups (R = 0.757, n = 22, p less than 0.01) and the Adult groups (R = 0.727, n = 19, p less than 0.01). Neither serum cholesterol nor phospholipids was affected by Al ingestion. Aluminum caused a decrease in hepatic glycogen in all groups, but the decrease was significant only in Adult groups. Glycerol tri[9,10(n)-3H]oleate was administered by gastric tube into rats fed for 81 days with experimental diets. In all the Al-treated groups serum 3H was significantly greater than in control groups at 3 hr after intubation. At 24 hr after intubation, serum 3H did not differ between Control and Al-treated groups. Total 3H at 24 hr found in serum, liver, and epididymal adipose tissue was not changed significantly by Al feeding. These effects were observed without measurable increase of Al in the serum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Decrease of serum triglyceride in normal rat fed with 2000 ppm aluminum diet for 67 days. II. Feeding young and adult rats a sucrose diet with addition of aluminum hydroxide and aluminum potassium sulfate. 339 89

The structure, relative density, and distribution of anionic sites on the surface of epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa were studied using polycationic ferritin (CF), colloidal iron hydroxide (CIH), various enzymatic treatments, methylation, and de-acetylation. Macro-molecules containing sugar residues, probably sialic acid, are part of the sperm membrane and show a characteristic distribution and density that is dependent of the sperm region and of its origin. Unlike the spermatozoa of other eutheria examined, the exposure of the stallion spermatozoa to neuraminidase treatment did not produce significant changes in the density of the negative charge of the sperm surface. The ability of purified neuraminidase to act only after saponification suggests that sialic acid may be present in the acetylated form. When CIH was used it is seen that the density of the negative charge is rather uniform within a particular segment of the spermatozoa and abruptly changes at the junction of morphologically distinct segments (Between the acrosomal and post acrosomal region of the sperm head and between the post acrosomal region and middle piece of the flagellum). The acrosome presented more negative groups dissociated at pH 1.8 than the postacrosomal region. A greater concentration of anionic sites over the flagellum was also observed when CIH and CF were used. This asymmetry probably represents different domains that may be related to specific functions. The cytochemical observations and the cellular electrophoretic mobility measurements did not show striking differences on the negative charge of sperm obtained from different regions of epididymis and ejaculates in contrast to previous results in other species. The spermatozoa collected from caput epididymidis bind CIH but not all population present equal response. In corpus and cauda region of epididymis the population displaying the capacity to bind CIH or CF significantly over the head and tail surface was the majority. This study corroborates that the distribution and density of terminal oligosaccharide residues on the sperm plasma membrane has species specific characteristics. The surface charge of the spermatozoa obtained either during the breeding or nonbreeding season, determined by measurements of cellular electrophoretic mobility and by the binding pattern of CIH and CF, does not show significant differences.
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PMID:Cytochemical analysis of the anionic sites on the membrane of the stallion spermatozoa during the epididymal transit. 350 80

Thirty male lambs of 3-4 months of age, were assigned equally to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design and fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric concentrate mixtures containing 30% de-oiled peanut meal (DPNM) or 40%, cottonseed meal, which was raw, cooked for 45 min or treated with either 1%, calcium hydroxide or iron (1:3, free gossypol: Fe). The mixtures containing raw or variously processed CSM replaced about 50% of the nitrogen of the reference concentrate mixture. These concentrate mixtures were fed to meet 80% of the animals' crude protein requirements along with ad libitum feeding of maize (Zea mays) hay for 180 days. The free gossypol content of the raw cottonseed meal (0.27%) was reduced to 0.16% 0.20% and 0.21% by the cooking, Ca(OH)2 and iron treatments, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the tissues of various organs were fixed in 10% formol saline. embedded in paraffin and sectioned at 4-5 microm thickness, and duplicate sections were stained with either haematoxylin and eosin or Perl's Prussian blue. The lambs fed diets incorporating raw, cooked, Ca(OH)2- or iron-treated cottonseed meal consumed respectively 302, 215, 250 and 222 mg free gossypol/day. No morbidity. mortality or gross lesions were observed in any organs and the histopathological lesions due to cottonseed meal were limited to the testes and epididymis. Spermatogonial cells were absent in the majority of the seminiferous tubules of testes from lambs fed raw cottonseed meal. Most seminiferous tubules were collapsed, with a reduced wall thickness, owing to there being fewer germ cell layers and vacuolation of the basal cells. The epithelium of the epididymal ductules was degenerated, desquamated to a variable degree with hyperplastic changes, and they were devoid of spermatozoa. Most lambs fed any of the processed cottonseed meals did not show any of these lesions, and such lesions as occurred in affected lambs in these groups were relatively mild. Iron pigments were deposited around the portal areas of the liver, the tip of intestinal villi and the spleen of lambs fed the iron-treated cottonseed meal diet. Cooking or treatment with 1%, Ca(OH)2 effectively minimized the toxic effects of free gossypol.
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PMID:Pathological lesions in lambs fed raw or processed cottonseed meal. 1086 52

Genistein, a soybean-originated isoflavone, is widely consumed by humans for putative beneficial health effects but its estrogenic activity may affect adversely the development of male reproductive system. Five-week-old ICR mice were purchased and fed with a soybean-based Purina Chow diet until 6 months of age. The animals were exposed by gavage to genistein (2.5 mg/kg/day) or 17beta-estradiol (7.5 microg/kg/day) for five weeks. Corn oil was used for the negative control. The animals were fed the casein-based AIN-76A diet throughout the experimental periods. There were no significant differences in body and organ weights of mice among experimental groups. No significant differences in sperm counts and sperm motile characteristics were found between the control and the genistein groups. Treatment of 17beta-estradiol caused a significant decrease in epididymal sperm counts compared to the control (p<0.05). The level of phospholipid hydroxide glutathione peroxidase in the epididymis of mice exposed to genistein was significantly higher than that of the control mice (p<0.05). 17beta-estradiol treatment caused a reduction of germ cells in the testis and hyperplasia of mucosal fold region in the prostate of mice. Genistein treatment did not cause any lesion in the testis, epididymis, and prostate. These results suggest that dietary uptake of genistein at adult stage of life may not affect male reproductive system and functions.
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PMID:Exposure to genistein does not adversely affect the reproductive system in adult male mice adapted to a soy-based commercial diet. 1536 37

Genistein, a soybean-originated isoflavone, is widely consumed by humans for putative beneficial health effects but its estrogenic activity may adversely affect the development of male reproductive system. Twenty one-day-old ICR mice weaned from dams fed with a soybean-based diet throughout gestation and lactation were exposed by gavage to genistein (2.5 mg/kg b.w./day) or 17beta-estradiol (7.5 microg/kg b.w./day) for five weeks. Corn oil was used as a negative control. The animals were fed with a casein-based AIN-76A diet throughout the experimental periods. There were no significant differences in body and organ weights of mice among experimental groups. No significant differences in sperm counts and sperm motile characteristics were found between control and genistein groups. Treatment of 17beta-estradiol caused a significant decrease in prostate weight and epididymal sperm counts compared to the control (p<0.05). The levels of phospholipid hydroxide glutathione peroxidase in the testis and prostate of mice exposed to genistein or 17beta-estradiol were significantly higher than that of the control mice (p<0.05). 17beta-estradiol treatment caused degeneration and apoptosis of germ cells in the testis, depletion and degeneration in the epididymal epithelium, and hyperplasia of mucosal fold region in the prostate of mice. Genistein treatment did not cause any lesion in the testis, epididymis, and prostate. These results suggest that dietary uptake of genistein during juvenile period may not affect male reproductive development and functions.
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PMID:Effects of exposure to genistein and estradiol on reproductive development in immature male mice weaned from dams adapted to a soy-based commercial diet. 1558 47

The present study was designed to assess potential reproductive toxicity caused by fentin and fenbutatin in the mice. Adult male mice received i.p. injections of fentin hydroxide and fenbutatin oxide at a dose of 0, 10 or 25 microg/kg body weight on 1st, 3rd and 5th day of experimentation. Mice were sacrificed on day 25 and analyzed for spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. A significant decrease in epididymal sperm count, sperm motility, sperm viability and sperm function (HOS coiling) were observed in experimental mice when compared with controls. The decrease in sperm quantity and quality was significant in the 25 microg/kg group than that in the control group. The activity levels of testicular steroidogenic enzymes, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) were significantly decreased in treated mice indicating decreased steroidogenesis after organotin compounds administration. The levels of serum testosterone decreased with an increase in follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in experimental mice when compared to control mice. The results suggest that fentin and fenbutatin cause impairment of spermatogenesis through the inhibition of testosterone production.
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PMID:Reduction of spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in mice after fentin and fenbutatin administration. 1680 47

Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, also known as benzophenone-3 (BP-3), is a commonly used ultraviolet filter in skincare and as a food additive. Large concentrations of similar phenolic compounds have been detected in urine, amniotic fluid, and placental tissue, thereby raising questions about its impact on reproduction. The objective of this paper was to investigate the reproductive toxicity of BP-3 in humans and animals. In humans, studies showed that high levels of BP-3 exposure could be linked to an increase in male birth weight but a decline in female birth weight and male gestational age. In fish, BP-3 exposure resulted in a decline in egg production, hatching, and testosterone, along with a down-regulation of steroidogenic genes. In rats, a decrease in epididymal sperm density and a prolonged estrous cycle for females was observed. These positive associations may be attributed to an altered estrogen and testosterone balance as a result of endocrine disrupting effects of BP-3. However, the current body of literature is limited by non-uniform exposure and outcome measurements in studies both across and within species and future studies will need to be conducted in a standardized fashion to allow for a more significant contribution to the literature that allows for better comparison across studies.
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PMID:Exposure to benzophenone-3 and reproductive toxicity: A systematic review of human and animal studies. 2884 99


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