Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The protective effect of ginseng intestinal metabolite-I (GIM-I) against doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity was investigated in 5-week-old ICR male mice. GIM-I was administered orally to mice at a dose of 50 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks. From the second week, doxorubicin was coadministered intraperitoneally to the animals at a dose of 3 mg/kg once a week for 3 weeks (a total of 9 mg/kg). The body weight, spermatogenic activities (Sertoli cell, repopulation, and epididymal indices), and serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were significantly decreased by doxorubicin treatment (P<0.01), while the combined treatment of GIM-I with doxorubicin resulted in parameters similar to the control. In the testes of doxorubicin-treated animals, almost all of the germ cells disappeared and were replaced by fibrinoid debris in the seminiferous tubules. Germ cell injury was significantly attenuated by GIM-I coadministration. The mRNA for phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx), a testis-specific antioxidant, was greatly decreased by doxorubicin treatment, and less decreased with GIM-I coadministration. These findings indicate that GIM-I may be partially protective against doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity.
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PMID:Ginseng intestinal metabolite-I (GIM-I) reduces doxorubicin toxicity in the mouse testis. 1212 3

Testicular and spermatotoxic effects were investigated in rats exposed to technical-grade quinalphos (70%) at dose levels of 0.52 mg kg(-1) (1/50th ld(50)) or 1.04 mg kg(-1) body weight (1/25th ld(50)) for 5 days a week for 60 days. The activities of marker testicular enzymes such as sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) and acid phosphatase were significantly decreased but those of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) and beta-glucuronidase were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. This particular pattern in the activity of testicular-cell-specific enzymes, a decrease in sperm motility and total epididymal sperm count and an increase in abnormal sperm suggest damage to germ cells and Sertoli cells. The testicular and spermatotoxic effects observed in rats may be due to the pesticide quinalphos or its metabolites.
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PMID:Testicular and spermatotoxic effects of quinalphos in rats. 1288 11

The effect of chronic oral exposure to arsenic on male mouse testicular and accessory sex organ weights, sperm parameters and testicular marker enzymes was studied. In addition, the distribution of arsenic in reproductive organs was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Sodium arsenite administered to mice (Mus musculus) via drinking water at a dose of 53.39 micromol/L (4 ppm As) for 365 days caused a decrease in the absolute and relative testicular weight. However, epididymal and accessory sex organ weight was similar to control. The activities of marker testicular enzymes such as sorbitol dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and 17beta-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) were significantly decreased, but those of lactate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) were significantly increased. A decrease in sperm count and sperm motility, along with an increase in abnormal sperm, was observed in arsenite-exposed mice. A significant accumulation of arsenic in testes, epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate gland was observed in treated animals. Thus long term exposure (365 days) at the dose level of 53.39 micromol/L sodium arsenite (4 ppm As), to which human beings are likely to be exposed via drinking water, may cause testicular and spermatotoxic effect.
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PMID:Male reproductive toxicity of sodium arsenite in mice. 1534 21

We previously reported the presence of a protein growth factor in rat adipose tissue which specifically permits the proliferation of 3T3-L1 and Ob1771 preadipocytes [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1990;171:905-912, ref. 1] and which is hereinafter referred to as PAGF (preadipocyte growth factor). In this study, the effects of long-term restricted energy intake on the PAGF activity in rat epididymal and perirenal adipose tissue toward 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were investigated. When rats were subjected to restricted energy intake for three weeks, PAGF activity increased with energy intake. The body weight, epididymal and perirenal fat depot weights and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity also increased with the energy intake, whereas the lactate dehydrogenase activity remained almost constant in all energy intake groups. These results suggest that the PAGF in fat depots functions in response to energy intake and contributes to the de novo formation of adipocytes and the growth of adipose tissue. This factor may provide a useful tool for further elucidation of the relationship between energy storage in adipose tissue and adipose tissue development.
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PMID:Level of preadipocyte growth factor in rat adipose tissue which specifically permits the proliferation of preadipocytes is affected by restricted energy intake. 1635 May 68

The proteins that are neosynthesized and secreted in the different regions of the human epididymis were determined by in vitro biosynthesis of epididymal tubules, and the luminal proteins were collected by microperfusion of each tubule. The preparations were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Some of the major proteins identified corresponded to serum compounds such as albumin, transferrin and alpha-1-antitrypsin. The other proteins identified included lactotransferrin, clusterin, PEBP, NCP2/CTP/HE1, HE3, Crisp, actin, calmodulin, E12, PGDS, l-lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, carbonic anhydrase, triose phosphate isomerase, glutamyltransferase, glutathione S-transferase P, thioredoxin peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, cathepsin D and cystatin. Epididymal activity is highly regionalized in most species. However, in this study in humans, there were only minor changes in the major proteins secreted. It is suggested that this specificity might be related to the difference between species in the location of the epididymis where sperm become fertile.
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PMID:Human epididymal secretome and proteome. 1643 Oct 15

Methyl parathion (MP) is a well-known organophosphorus pesticide, to which humans are exposed in fruit and vegetables as residues of 0-2 mg/kg, children being at higher risk of exposure. The present study was planned to investigate the effects on the adult male reproductive functions of MP following neonatal exposure. New born male Wistar rat pups were treated orally with either 0 or 0.5 mg/kg MP from postnatal day (PND) 3 to PND 28 and sacrificed on PND 98 for the purpose of examination of the reproductive system. Methyl parathion lowered the body weights from days 10 to 24 (p < 0.01), the weights of the reproductive organs (p < 0.05-0.01), the epididymal sperm count (p < 0.01) and the homogenisation-resistant testicular spermatid head count (p < 0.01) and also decreased acid phosphatase (ACP), cholesterol, uric acid, protein, ascorbic acid, and lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.01) levels in the testis but only ACP and cholesterol in the epididymis. The levels of abnormal sperm and testosterone in the testis were increased (p < 0.01), whereas the leutinising hormone level and total number of seminiferous tubules decreased in the testes of treated rats (p < 0.01). A few tubules showed exfoliation of epithelium and vacuoles. The incidence of stage XIV tubules and ratios of meiotic figures and elongating spermatids to Sertoli cell nucleoli decreased (p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test). The present results indicate that MP acts as an endocrine disruptor and consequently affects the postnatal development and growth of the male reproductive organs in the rat. These findings are important to the general public, as there is a chance of children being exposed to this pesticide.
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PMID:Neonatal methyl parathion exposure affects the growth and functions of the male reproductive system in the adult rat. 1678 32

Treatment of cancers with cytotoxic agents such as alkylating drugs often, but not always results in transient to permanent testicular dysfunction. The present study was planned to investigate the effects of dacarbazine [5-(3,3-dimethyltriazeno) imidazole-4-carboxamide] on testicular function in mice. Swiss albino mice (9-12 weeks old) were treated with 0, 5, 25, 50, or 100mg/kg body weight/day dacarbazine (i.p.) for 5 days at intervals of 24h between treatments. Mice were sacrificed on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 49, and 70 after the last treatment (6 mice/dose/sample time), and the epididymal sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morphology, testicular histopathology (qualitative histopathology, seminiferous tubular diameter and epithelial height), and intra-testicular levels of testosterone and lactate dehydrogenase were assessed. Dacarbazine decreased the body weight only on day 28 at 25mg/kg dose-level, but increased the paired testes weights at 50mg/kg on day 7, at 25-100mg/kg on day 14, and at 25 and 50mg/kg on day 21 (P<0.05-0.01; one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test). The sperm count was decreased on all sampling days except at 5 and 25mg/kg dose-levels on day 70, but with severe oligospermia on days 28 and 35 (P<0.05-0.001). The sperm motility was decreased at 100mg/kg on days 14 and 21, at 5, 25, and 100mg/kg on day 28, and at all dose-levels on day 35 (P<0.05-0.001). Dacarbazine induced both head and tail abnormalities and some sperms with cytoplasmic droplets, but significant increase was seen in all dose groups on days 14 and 21, and at 100mg/kg dose-level on day 35. Drug-induced epithelial sloughing was seen on days 14-35 and other histopathological changes observed were vacuoles and abnormal cells. The STD was increased at 25-100mg/kg on day 7, at all dose-levels on day 14, at 50-100mg/kg on days 21 and 28, but without any effects on days 35-70 (P<0.05-0.001), and the tubular lumen was found dilated. The SE was increased on days 7, 21 and 28 at 100mg/kg and on day 14 at 50-100mg/kg. Dacarbazine reduced the intra-testicular testosterone level at 100mg/kg on day 7, at 5, 50 and 100mg/kg on day 14, at all dose-levels on days 21, 28, and 35, and at 50mg/kg on day 49 (P<0.05-0.001). The intra-testicular lactate dehydrogenase concentration increased at all dose-levels up to day 35, but without any effect on days 49 and 70 (P<0.05-0.001). There was no particular dose-response of dacarbazine on any parameters tested. The sperm count (except on day 7-positive correlation; Pearson product moment correlation) or sperm motility did not have any relation but increase in abnormal sperms showed negative correlation with decrease in testosterone level on days 7, 21 and 28. Decrease in sperm count was in negative correlation on days 14 and 35, and increase in abnormal sperms showed positive correlation on day 35 with increase in LDH level. Finally, the decrease in sperm motility had no correlation with increase in abnormal sperm shapes. We conclude that dacarbazine is genotoxic and cytotoxic to the mouse testis in a transient fashion, and these effects are exerted along with decrease in testosterone and increase in lactate dehydrogenase levels in the testis.
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PMID:Dacarbazine induces genotoxic and cytotoxic germ cell damage with concomitant decrease in testosterone and increase in lactate dehydrogenase concentration in the testis. 1679 27

The 50% ethanolic extract of the root bark of C. odorata administered orally at the dose of 1g/kg body weight/day for 60 days resulted in decreased epididymal sperm motility and sperm count in male albino rats. Morphological abnormalities were also observed in the sperms. The testicular glycogen, the activities of 3beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, sorbitol dehydrogenase in seminal vesicle, fructose in seminal plasma and serum testosterone were significantly decreased in treated group. While testicular cholesterol level, the concentration of the fecal bile acids, urinary excretion of 17 ketosteroids, the activities of 17beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase, epididymal lactate dehydrogenase and that of testicular HMG CoA reductase were increased in treated group when compared to control. The results suggest that the ethanolic extract of C. odorata possesses the spermatotoxic effects in male albino rats.
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PMID:Impact of feeding ethanolic extract of root bark of Cananga odorata (Lam) on reproductive functions in male rats. 1717 70

The current study emphasizes the crucial role of the pineal gland on the effects of chronic training in different tissues focusing on carbohydrate metabolism. We investigated the maximal oxygen uptake (aerobic power), muscle and liver glycogen content, and also the enzymes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism of rat adipose tissue. Pinealectomized and sham-operated adult male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: pinealectomized (PINX) untrained, pinealectomized trained, control untrained and control trained. The maximal oxygen uptake capability was assayed before and after the training protocol by indirect open circuit calorimetry. The rats were killed after 8 wk of training. Blood samples were collected for glucose and insulin determinations. The glycogen content was assayed in the liver and muscle. Maximal activities of epididymal adipose tissue enzymes (hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and malic enzyme) as well as adipocyte size were determined. The exercise training in control animals promoted an increase in the aerobic power and in liver glycogen content but caused a reduction in the malic enzyme activity in adipose tissue. However, PINX trained animals, in contrast to trained controls, showed a decrease in the aerobic power and in liver and muscle glycogen content, as well as an increase in the activity of the adipocyte enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. In conclusion, these data show that the pineal gland integrity is necessary for the homeostatic control of energy metabolism among adipose, muscle and hepatic tissues. The pinealectomized animals showed alterations in adaptive responses of the maximal oxygen uptake to training. Therefore, the pineal gland must be considered an influential participant in the complex adaptation to exercise and is involved in the improvement of endurance capacity.
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PMID:Pinealectomy reduces hepatic and muscular glycogen content and attenuates aerobic power adaptability in trained rats. 1761 41

Treatment of male albino rats with 5% honey for 20 days had no significant effect on total body weight or on the relative weight of other organs like the testis, seminal vesicles, spleen, kidneys, liver, heart, or brain. The only significant change was a 17% increase in the relative weight of the epididymis (P < or = .01). The relative weight of all the other organs was similar to those in control animals treated for the same period with drinking water. Treatment of rats for the same period with the same concentration of 5% sucrose produced no significant changes in absolute or relative weight of tested organs compared to control animals. The same treatment with Palestinian honey increased significantly the epididymal sperm count by 37% (P < or = .05). The activity of testicular marker enzymes for spermatogenesis such as sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) was increased by 31% (P < or = .05), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was reduced by 48% (P < or = .05), which indicates that treatment with honey induces spermatogenesis. Similar treatment with sucrose had no significant effect on any of the key enzymes or epididymal sperm count. In conclusion, our results show that ingestion of honey induces spermatogenesis in rats by increasing epididymal sperm count, increasing selectively the relative weight of the epididymis, and increasing SDH activity and reducing LDH activity.
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PMID:Effect of Palestinian honey on spermatogenesis in rats. 1905 76


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