Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has profound effects on body weight and metabolism in rodents. Recent reports show that human adults have significant amounts of BAT. Our aim was to study the gene expression profile of human BAT. Biopsies of adipose tissue with brown-red color and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) were obtained from 24 patients undergoing surgery in the thyroid region. Intrascapular BAT and epididymal WAT biopsies were obtained from 10 mice. Expression was analyzed by DNA microarray, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Using the expression of the brown adipocyte-specific gene uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) as a marker, approximately half of the human brown-red adipose tissue biopsies taken in the thyroid region contained BAT, and the presence of cells with brown adipocyte morphology was also verified by histology. Microarray analysis of 9 paired human BAT and WAT samples showed that 17 genes had at least a 4-fold higher expression in BAT compared to WAT and five of them (CKMT1, KCNK3, COBL, HMGCS2, TGM2) were verified using real-time PCR (P<0.05 for all). In addition, immunohistochemistry showed that the UCP1, KCNK3 and CKMT1 proteins are expressed in brown adipocytes. Except for UCP1 and KCNK3, the genes overexpressed in human BAT were not overexpressed in mouse BAT compared to mouse WAT. Our analysis identified genes that are differentially expressed in human BAT compared to WAT. The results also show that there are species-specific differences in BAT gene expression and this emphasizes the need for further molecular characterization of human BAT to clarify the mechanisms involved in regulated heat production in humans.
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PMID:Gene expression in human brown adipose tissue. 2112 11

Little is known about gene regulation by fasting in human adipose tissue. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fasting on adipose tissue gene expression in humans. To that end, subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were collected from 11 volunteers 2 and 26 h after consumption of a standardized meal. For comparison, epididymal adipose tissue was collected from C57Bl/6J mice in the ab libitum-fed state and after a 16 h fast. The timing of sampling adipose tissue roughly corresponds with the near depletion of liver glycogen. Transcriptome analysis was carried out using Affymetrix microarrays. We found that, 1) fasting downregulated numerous metabolic pathways in human adipose tissue, including triglyceride and fatty acid synthesis, glycolysis and glycogen synthesis, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial translation, and insulin signaling; 2) fasting downregulated genes involved in proteasomal degradation in human adipose tissue; 3) fasting had much less pronounced effects on the adipose tissue transcriptome in humans than mice; 4) although major overlap in fasting-induced gene regulation was observed between human and mouse adipose tissue, many genes were differentially regulated in the two species, including genes involved in insulin signaling (PRKAG2, PFKFB3), PPAR signaling (PPARG, ACSL1, HMGCS2, SLC22A5, ACOT1), glycogen metabolism (PCK1, PYGB), and lipid droplets (PLIN1, PNPLA2, CIDEA, CIDEC). In conclusion, although numerous genes and pathways are regulated similarly by fasting in human and mouse adipose tissue, many genes show very distinct responses to fasting in humans and mice. Our data provide a useful resource to study adipose tissue function during fasting.
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PMID:Transcriptomic signature of fasting in human adipose tissue. 3286 87