Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cancer cachexia describes the progressive skeletal muscle wasting and weakness that is associated with many cancers. It impairs quality of life and accounts for >20% of all cancer-related deaths. The main outcome that affects quality of life and mortality is loss of skeletal muscle function and so preclinical models should exhibit similar functional impairments in order to maximize translational outcomes. Mice bearing colon-26 (C-26) tumors are commonly used in cancer cachexia studies but few studies have provided comprehensive assessments of physiological and metabolic impairment, especially those factors that impact quality of life. Our aim was to characterize functional impairments in mildly and severely affected cachectic mice, and determine the suitability of these mice as a preclinical model. Metabolic abnormalities are also evident in cachectic patients and we investigated whether C-26-tumor-bearing mice had similar metabolic aberrations. Twelve-week-old CD2F1 mice received a subcutaneous injection of PBS (control) or C-26 tumor cells. After 18-20 days, assessments were made of grip strength, rotarod performance, locomotor activity, whole body metabolism, and contractile properties of tibialis anterior (TA) muscles (in situ) and diaphragm muscle strips (in vitro). Injection of C-26 cells reduced body and muscle mass, and epididymal fat mass. C-26-tumor-bearing mice exhibited lower grip strength and rotarod performance. Locomotor activity was impaired following C-26 injection, with reductions in movement distance, duration and speed compared with controls. TA muscles from C-26-tumor-bearing mice had lower maximum force (-27%) and were more susceptible to fatigue. Maximum specific (normalized) force of diaphragm muscle strips was reduced (-10%) with C-26 injection, and force during fatiguing stimulation was also lower. C-26-tumor-bearing mice had reduced carbohydrate oxidation and increased fat oxidation compared with controls. The range and consistency of functional and metabolic impairments in C-26-tumor-bearing mice confirm their suitability as a preclinical model for cancer cachexia. We recommend the use of these comprehensive functional assessments to maximize the translation of findings to more accurately identify effective treatments for cancer cachexia.
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PMID:Importance of functional and metabolic impairments in the characterization of the C-26 murine model of cancer cachexia. 2256 56

Trypanosomosis is a disease of a high economic impact in different productive livestock systems, especially in Africa and South America; cattle, sheep, goats, horses and donkeys can be prone to infection. Trypanosoma vivax is a blood parasite normally associated with a case of anemia and persistent febrile status, which causes a reduction in production, weakness of affected animals and occasionally death. However, the reproductive disorders which include abortion, disruption of the estrous cycle, placental retention, perinatal mortality, among others, can be very severe, especially when they occur during the last third of gestation. In addition, the transplacental transmission has been proved in this agent with serious consequences in the fetus. Additionally, the infection reduces the fertilizing capacity of the spermatozoa by degenerative effects at a testicular and epididymal level. These reproductive alterations can lead to temporal or permanent infertility problems and in some cases to sterility. The capacity of T. vivax to evade the host's immune system, allows it to persist in animals for months or years. The development of diagnostic tools is very important in order to increase the sensibility and specificity in parasite detection, but it is of paramount importance to prepare field professionals to consider this agent in the differential diagnosis of reproductive failure. The rational and strategic use of the therapeutic drugs will enable to use them in the future, thus avoiding resistance problems.
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PMID:Reproductive failures associated with Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax. 2780 79