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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The semen characteristics of 215 fertile men (F = fathers requesting vasectomy) and of 409 infertile men (I) have been analysed under strictly identical conditions. The mean values for volume, sperm concentration, and the percentages of motile, vital and morphologically normal spermatozoa were greater in group F than in I. Seminal variations were much greater in cases of testicular lesions (cryptorchidism, hypotrophy) than in varicocele, although there remains a difference between F and I even after exclusion of all clinical lesions suggesting a role for other factors in the origin of much cases of infertility. Other than in cases of azoospermia, there is no difference in the function of the accessory glands detectable by the assay of seminal biochemical markers: fructose (seminal vesicles) acid phosphatase and citrate (prostate); only L-carnitine (epididymal marker) is elevated in the fertile men, however this difference is only a reflection of the observed difference in sperm concentration in combination with the close correlation between sperm concentration and L-carnitine values.
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PMID:[Semen characteristics and fertility (author's transl)]. 734 Jun 97

The origin of glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC), N-acetylaminosugar, inositol, and prostaglandins in human seminal plasma was investigated by correlating the concentration of these components in split ejaculates with known marker constituents. Fructose and acid phosphatase were selected as markers of the secretory activity of the seminal vesicles and prostate gland, respectively, and spermatozoa indicated epididymal origin. The concentration of fructose was lowest in the first fraction of the semen and increased to a maximum in the final portion. Prostaglandins E and F and N-acetylaminosugar values closely followed this pattern, indicating that these components originate in the seminal vesicles. The concentration of spermatozoa was high in the first two fractions, decreasing to a minimum in the final fraction. The distribution of GPC was similar to that of the spermatozoa, indicating that the epididymis secretes this compound. Inositol levels were similar in all fractions, indicating that it is probably present in epididymal, vesicular, and prostatic fluid. Human spermatozoa were unable to utilize N-acetylglucosamine or inositol. High concentrations of some prostaglandins (100 micrograms/ml of PGF1 alpha, 15S 15 met. F2 alpha, PGA1, and PGA2) depressed the endogenous oxygen uptake of human spermatozoa.
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PMID:Origin of glycerylphosphorylcholine, inositol, N-acetylaminosugar, and prostaglandins in human seminal plasma and their effects on sperm metabolism. 736 41

The morphology and function of the apical mitochondria-rich cells in the mammalian ductus epididymidis epithelium are revised. These cells are similar in all mammalian species studied. Apical mitochondria-rich cells are scarce (1-5 cells/100 principal cells) and are mainly found in the initial epididymal segments. Their morphology varies from slender cells that extend from the basal lamina to the epididymal lumen, to round cells that protrude into the lumen and are not in contact with the basal lamina. Their cytoplasm is more electron-dense than that of principal cells and contains more mitochondria which, in some species, are surrounded by rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. The adluminal cytoplasm displays a few short microvilli and contains many acid phosphatase positive vesicles. Apical mitochondria-rich cells differ from the principal cells in some histochemical features such as: (a) different lectin-staining pattern; (b) more intense reaction to the enzymatic activities: carbonic anhydrase, Ca(2+)-ATPase, peanut-agglutinin-sialidase, NADP dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, alpha-galactosidase and beta-galactosidase; (c) more intense immunoreaction to several cytokeratin types and to estradiol-related receptor protein; (d) weaker immunoreaction to epithelial membrane antigen and to retinol-binding protein. Although the function of the apical mitochondria-rich cells is still unknown, the following possible functions have been suggested: holocrine secretion; cooperation with the principal cells in epididymal reabsorption of testicular fluid; and acidification of epididymal fluid. Experimental results suggest that differentiation and maintenance of apical mitochondria-rich cells are not under androgen control and that these cells are sensitive to estrogen stimulation.
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PMID:The apical mitochondria-rich cells of the mammalian epididymis. 748 29

The localization of Trimetaphosphatase (TMPase) activity during the acrosomal formation in the mouse testis was enzyme cytochemically investigated by the cerium-salt method. In addition to the lysosomes of the Sertoli cells and the spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules, positive TMPase activity was detected in the Golgi complex and in the acrosomal vesicles of the spermatids, as well as in the acrosomes of both spermatids and spermatozoa. In the Golgi complex of the spermatids, TMPase activity was observed in the first one or two lamellae of the trans-face and in the small vesicles in the vicinity of the Golgi complex. TMPase positive reaction was also detected in the acrosomes of the spermatozoa in the lumina of both the seminiferous tubules and the epididymal duct. The localization of this enzyme activity was compared with that of acid phosphatase (ACPase), as detected by the cerium-based method, using beta-glycerophosphate as substrate: ACPase activity was completely absent from the Golgi complex, small vesicles, acrosomal vesicle and acrosome throughout the entire process of acrosomal formation. TMPase is thought to become one of the acrosomal components, and may be involved in the acrosomal reaction during fertilization.
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PMID:Ultracytochemical study of trimetaphosphatase activity during acrosomal formation in the mouse testis. 757 18

In this work, an attempt was made to asses possible regional specializations in the llama ductus epididymidis. According to histological and histochemical criteria, six segments (I-VI) were identified. Segment I was a short region where ductuli efferentes joined the ductus epididymidis. Segments II and III showed maximal epithelial height and mitotic activity, respectively, and weak LDH activity. Epithelial cells in segment IV contained PAS-positive, amylase and neuraminidase-resistant secretory granules. Segment V showed strong acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Segment VI was characterized by moderate acid phosphatase and high lactate dehydrogenase activities, respectively, and by maximal spermatozoa packaging. Scanning electron microscopy of epididymal spermatozoa revealed that cytoplasmic droplet translocation was accomplished at the distal part of the corpus epididymidis. Bent middle pieces characterized spermatozoa during droplet translocation.
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PMID:Ductus epididymidis compartments and morphology of epididymal spermatozoa in llamas. 786 95

Losulazine hydrochloride, an antihypertensive agent, was administered intraperitoneally to adult male Wistar rats in doses of 1, 2 and 5 mg/kg/day for 1 seminiferous epithelium cycle to determine its effects on testicular steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis and accessory sex gland function. Administration of low doses of losulazine (1 and 2 mg/kg) resulted in a significant elevation of the steriodogenic key enzymes activity along with significant depletion of cholesterol content in testicular tissue. In addition, a significant rise in acid phosphatase activity in testes and prostate, and fructose content in accessory sex glands was also observed after low doses of losulazine. However, treatment with a higher dose of losulazine (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced the activities of testicular steroidogenic enzymes and acid phosphatase, and the content of fructose in accessory sex glands. Quantitative evaluation of the different varieties of germ cells at stage VII of the seminiferous epithelium cycle and epididymal sperm count in all losulazine-treated rats revealed a persistant prominent detrimental change in spermatogenesis. The results of our present experiment demonstrate an adverse action of losulazine treatment on functional activities of testes and accessory sex glands in adult rats.
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PMID:Study on the activities of testes and accessory sex glands after losulazine treatment in rats. 809 26

Mancozeb-a fungicide of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate group was orally administered at doses of 500, 1,000 and 1,500 mg/kg body weight/day for 30, 90, 180 and 360 days. Signs of toxicity mortality pattern and loss in body weight were observed in dose dependent manner. However, signs of intoxication and mortality pattern were more pronounced till the exposure of 90 days. A significant increase in testes and decrease in epididymis weight were associated with degeneration in seminiferous and epididymal tubules with loss of sperms. The decrease in gonadal acid phosphatase (ACP), succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were observed with increased serum cholesterol. Sialic acid and protein content of testis and epididymis were also decreased in dose dependent manner. The study has thus indicated marked biochemical and pathological changes in gonads of male rats after chronic exposure to mancozeb.
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PMID:Induction of gonadal toxicity to male rats after chronic exposure to mancozeb. 900 8

Administration of glucocorticoid (1, 2 and 4 mg) in excess leads to degeneration of epididymides as supported by cellular degeneration, sperm density and morphometric measurements. Zinc level increased statistically after 1, 2 and 4 mg hydrocortisone treatment while copper increased after 1 and 2 mg treatment. Cholesterol, protein and leucine aminopeptidase levels increased and decreased significantly in caput and cauda respectively. Activity of alkaline phosphatase reduced significantly while the treatment of hydrocortisone at different doses elevated acid phosphatase, aryl sulphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Evidently, these changes are as a result of onset of cellular degeneration leading to impairment of metabolic/secretory activity of epididymal cells. The possible involvement of pituitary-testis axis in hydrocortisone induced epididymal degeneration and functional inhibition has been discussed.
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PMID:Zinc, copper and hydrolytic enzymes in epididymis of hydrocortisone treated rat. 953 47

Adult male albino rats were treated with 0.4 mg nicotine/100 g body weight either orally or intraperitoneally for 30 days. All animals were autopsied on the 31st day. Epididymis and vas deferens were dissected out, weighed and processed for biochemical estimations. Nicotine caused a reduction in the weight of epididymis and vas deferens in both drug treated groups. The total cholesterol content is increased while protein, DNA and RNA contents and the epididymal sperm count were decreased. The acid phosphatase content is also decreased, whereas alkaline phosphatase is increased. The surface epithelial cell height of these ducts is decreased and secretory activity is reduced with the disruption of epithelial cell projections. These changes may be due to non-availability of androgens in nicotine treated rats.
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PMID:Nicotine induced inhibition of the activities of accessory reproductive ducts in male rats. 961 35

In male albino mice, the petroleum ether extract of the leaves of Mentha arvensis L., at the doses 10 and 20 mg/mouse per day for 20, 40 and 60 days, when administered orally, showed a dose and duration dependent reduction in the number of offspring of the treated male mated with normal females. Negative fertility was observed in both dose regimens after 60 days of treatment. The body weight and libido of the treated ammals remain unaffected. However, a significant decrease in the weight of the testis, epididymis, cauda epididymal sperm count, motility, viability and normal morphology of the spermatozoa was observed. The levels of serum protein, bilirubin, GOT, GPT and acid phosphatase, blood urea and haematological indices were unaltered throughout the course of investigation. All the altered parameters were reversible following withdrawal of treatment. The results suggest that the petroleum ether extract of the leaves of M. arvensis possess reversible antifertility property without adverse toxicity in male mice.
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PMID:Antifertility investigation and toxicological screening of the petroleum ether extract of the leaves of Mentha arvensis L. in male albino mice. 1128 36


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