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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

By ligation of the efferent duct and the corpus epididymis, the GPC concentration in this delimited anterior region decreased. However, HCG infection increased the GPC concentration. When spermatozoa are present in the epididymal tubule there is always a decrease in GPC concentration in these experimental conditions. Activity of the epididymis is disturbed by ligation.
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PMID:[Influence of testicular fluid, spermatozoa and androgens on physiological activity of rat epididymis]. 40 49

Oocytes recovered at various times from immature rats treated with PMSG and HCG were incubated with capacitated epididymal spermatozoa of mature rats. In the presence of follicular cells, sperm penetration was not observed 4 hr after incubation in the oocytes at stages from the intact germinal vesicle to the chromatin mass, but 7 to 55% of oocytes were penetrated at stages from the condensed germainal vesicle to metaphase II. After the removal of follicular cells, 15 to 72% of the oocytes at any stage were penetrated. After further incubation for 15 hr, the proportion of penetrated oocytes increased from 8 to 98% from early to late stages and that of penetrated oocytes with a male and female pronucleus increased from 9 to 100% as maturation progressed. Although the average number of spermatozoa/oocyte was not correlated with its maturation, transformation of the sperm head into a male pronucleus was retarded or failed, especially in the younger oocytes. Following incubation in a defined medium for 13 hr, 85% of oocytes at the intact germinal vesicle stage matured to the stage of the first polar body formation, but only 18 to 22% of these mature oocytes were penetrated by spermatozoa and only a few of the penetrated oocytes cleaved into normal two-cell eggs. When eggs recovered from oviducts 14 to 20 hr after ovulation were exposed to capacitated spermatozoa, the proportion of penetrated eggs (86 to 98%) and that of polyspermic eggs (11 to 27%) were not related to the ages of the eggs, but failure of transformation of the sperm head and the proportion of abnormal eggs increased 14 to 20 hr after ovulation.
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PMID:Fertilization of rat eggs in vitro at various times before and after ovulation with special reference to fertilization of ovarian oocytes matured in culture. 114 32

To perform AIH, an artificial spermatocele was inserted into the epididymis for obstructive azoospermia (probably caused by congenital defect of the spermiduct on one side and by accidental vasosection in hernioplasty on the other). The graft used was a cup-shaped alloplastic spermatocele made of silicon-dacron, developed by Wagenknecht et al. The epididymal duct was incised microscopically. The graft was sutured to the epididymal involucrum, punctured through the scrotal skin by an injection needle and aspirated spermatozoa accumulated in the internal cavity, and subjected to AIH. Postoperatively, acceleration of spermatogenesis was attempted by injecting i.m. HCG 2,000 U-HMG 150 U twice a week, but spermatozoa both qualitatively and quantatively sufficient to perform AIH could not be obtained. Spermatozoa were no longer found after two and a half postoperative months. Despite the present failure, we would like to develop a method of grafting of this kind as more precise therapeutic means through further technical improvements in grafting.
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PMID:[A therapeutic experience with alloplastic spermatocele used in obstructive azoospermia]. 383 32

The effects of 11 different steroid hormones on in vitro development of fertilizing capacity by hamster sperm were examined. Capicitation of epididymal sperm occurred only in the presence of female genital tract secretions. Fertilizing ability of sperm was poor if estradiol-17beta, cortisol, chlormadinone acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, or megestrol acetate were present in the incubation medium at 10-5M, whereas similar concentrations of estradiol-17alpha, progesterone, norethisterone acetate, ethynodiol diacetate, or norgestrel had little effect. Testosterone was a weak inhibitor of capacitation. Capacitation activity of the female uterus and oviduct washings was higher at estrus than diestrus. This activity was reduced by treating intact animals with progesterone, cortisol, or testosterone, but increased by estradiol-17beta, or HCG. Estradiol-17alpha had no effect. Activity was low in pregnant or ovariectomized hamsters. Treatment of ovariectomized animals with estradiol-17beta increased capacitation activity, but estradiol-17alpha, HCG, or progesterone treatment was ineffective.
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PMID:Steroid hormones and the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa. 412 1

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the endocrinologic and spermatogenic effects of carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure in the rat. Adult, male rats were exposed to either 600 ppm CS2 or filtered air for 6 hr/day for 5 days/week for 10 weeks. One week prior to exposure and then at Weeks 1, 4, 7, and 10, males were placed with ovariectomized, hormonally primed females, and copulatory behaviors were scored. Fifteen minutes postcopulation, the female was killed and the ejaculate was recovered from the excised uterine tract along with the semen plug. Sperm counts, sperm motility, and morphology were determined. A blood sample was obtained for analyses of testosterone, follicle-stimulating (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). At the end of the 10th week, five animals in each group were challenged with either human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG, 50 IU/animal, iv) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, 100 ng/animal, iv), and the testosterone or gonadotropin responses were monitored over time. Animals were subsequently killed with one epididymis and testis processed for histology and a sperm count determined from the other epididymis. Analysis revealed that CS2 exposure produced significant alterations in copulatory behavior and a decrease in ejaculated sperm counts by the fourth and seventh weeks of exposure, respectively. No endocrinologic alterations were observed. Moreover, caudal epididymal sperm counts were not depressed and the testes appeared histologically normal. These data suggest that CS2 does not exert a direct effect on the testes, but rather may interfere with the processes regulating sperm transport and ejaculation.
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PMID:An evaluation of the copulatory, endocrinologic, and spermatotoxic effects of carbon disulfide in the rat. 642 68

From a male affected of agenesis of corpus and cauda epididymis and vas deferens, sperms were surgically obtained aspirating epididymal content with the help of a surgical microscope. Motile sperms were separated after discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation and used to inseminate in vitro the spouse's oocytes 8 hrs. after aspiration according to the current techniques. Twenty hours later, oocytes were checked for fertilization and transferred to fresh culture medium. From 13 preovulatory oocytes only one was fertilized and transferred to the Fallopian tube at the 6 cells stage. Fourteen days after embryo transfer, serum HCG concentration was 320 mU/ml and on day 29th a 5mm fetal sac showing heart beats was detected by transvaginal sonography. After an uneventful 38 weeks gestation a normal baby girl weighing 2,800 g was delivered.
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PMID:[Pregnancy with spermatozoa from the head of the epididymis in spermatic duct agenesis]. 829 31

In a patient with a diagnosis of congenital vas deferens agenesis we decided to carry out a microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration in order to attempt an in vitro fertilization (IVF). Since during scrotal exploration no epididymus was found (probably as a consequence of a previous surgical biopsy) a testicle biopsy was performed. The latter yielded a few hundred sperms which were injected within the cytoplasm of his wife's oocytes (ICSI technique). Of the 18 oocytes, 3 were harmed during the procedure and 16 hours later signs of normal fertilization were detected in 6 of them, followed by the development of 4 embryos. These were transcervically transferred to the uterus, 3 in 8 cell stage and 1 in 6 cell stage; previously a 20 micron hole had been made with acid Tyrode solution in the pelucida zone of each embryo. Fifteen days later, the result of the HCG beta subunit assay was positive and a month later a single 19 mm normal embryo was detected by ultrasound echography.
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PMID:[Pregnancy with testicular spermatozoa]. 854 24

The present report covers the results of a 38-month period in which 2853 consecutive intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles were performed in 1953 couples. These couples were afflicted with male factor infertility and had at least one previous failed conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment cycle. In other couples, the husband had semen parameters incompatible with conventional IVF or suffered from excretory or secretory azoospermia where it was possible to recover spermatozoa by microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (mesa) or by testicular sperm extraction (tese) procedure. Overall, the 2-PN fertilization rate was 62% per retrieved metaphase II oocyte and 70% per successfully injected metaphase II oocyte. Embryo transfer was performed in 91% of started cycles. The cumulative pregnancy rate (positive HCG) was 34% per started ICSI treatment and 37% per embryo transfer.
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PMID:A survey of four years of experience with intracytoplasmic sperm injection. 892 11

The rationale and results of using epididymal and testicular spermatozoa with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for zoospermic patients are reviewed. A total of 128 consecutive ICSI/MESA cycles and a total of 120 consecutive ICSI/TESE cycles were performed up to December 1994. The two-pronuclei fertilization rate per intact oocyte (observed after the injection) was 58% and 60%, respectively, when epididymal and testicular spermatozoa were used. The embryo transfer rate was similar for the two procedures (91% after ICSI/MESA and 90% after ICSI/TESE). Fifty women became pregnant (positive HCG) when epididymal spermatozoa were used (39% per cycle and 40% per embryo transfer). These results are comparable to those obtained when ejaculated spermatozoa are used.
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PMID:Results of microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) ans testicular sperm extraction (TESE) in azoospermic men using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). 901 99

The second report of the ESHRE Task Force on ICSI describes the outcome of 13,666 ICSI cycles carried out in 1994 by 90 centres in 24 countries. Most cycles used ejaculated spermatozoa (94.4%) while epididymal and testicular spermatozoa were used in 4.1% and 1.5% of the cycles. Outcome measures in the three types of spermatozoa included the number of: (i) intact oocytes after ICSI; (ii) normally fertilized oocytes; (iii) transferred and frozen embryos; (iv) embryo transfers and (v) cycles with positive serum HCG. The evolution of the pregnancies was analysed in terms of pregnancy losses and clinical pregnancies. The results of ICSI with spermatozoa from the ejaculate was analysed according to the year that ICSI started in the different centres. The survey also reports the follow-up of children born after ICSI carried out until 31 December 1993. A total of 455 pre- and postnatal karyotypes revealed the presence of nine abnormal karyotypes. Twenty-four centres reported on 807 ICSI children: 763 using ejaculated spermatozoa, 36 using epididymal spermatozoa and eight using testicular spermatozoa. Sixteen major congenital malformations were reported.
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PMID:Assisted reproduction by intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a survey on the clinical experience in 1994 and the children born after ICSI, carried out until 31 December 1993. ESHRE Task Force on Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology. 968 24


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