Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The influence of thyroxine treatment on key enzymes involved in the glycolytic and HMP shunt pathways was studied in the caput, corpus and cauda epididymides of pubertal rats, and related to the serum hormone profile. The activity of 6-phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase was significantly increased in all 3 segments of the epididymis, but the HMP shunt pathway was suppressed. Thyroxine treatment was found to depress the serum levels of testosterone, LH and FSH, although an increase in prolactin levels was observed. Withdrawal of hormone treatment resulted in the restoration of normal activity of 6-phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase and restoration of normal serum hormone levels. However, the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase increased following withdrawal of treatment. It is concluded that hyperthyroidism exerts an influence on epididymal enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism.
 ...
PMID:Effect of thyroxine treatment on epididymal carbohydrate metabolism in the pubertal rat. 641 29

A dose-dependent increase in body length and weight can be induced in Snell dwarf mice by human, porcine and bovine growth hormones, ovine prolactin, bovine TSH, T4 and T3, and to a lesser extent by insulin. In contrast, porcine FSH, equine LH, testosterone, oestradiol and glucagon influenced neither body length nor weight. Beside body length and weight, the weight of many organs is stimulated by hormonal treatment. GH, T4 and T3 have a rather similar spectrum of effects, with exceptions for the skinfold and epididymal fat-pads. LH had no effect, but in contrast FSH had a strong effect on the seminal vesicles and a less pronounced one on the testis. Oestradiol induced a marked enlargement of the uterus, whereas testosterone increased the weights of the kidneys and seminal vesicles. The main action of insulin is probably localized on body fat. Glucagon, however, did not stimulate organ growth. These data illustrate again the complexity of hormonal regulation of growth.
 ...
PMID:The effects of pituitary, thyroid, pancreatic and sexual hormones on body length and weight and organ weights of Snell dwarf mice. 672 29

Several short- or long-term and longitudinal or cross-sectional studies have been conducted to ascertain the effect of vasectomy on circulating levels of gonadotropic and gonadal hormones and the function of assessory sex organs. Vasectomy does not cause noticeable changes in pituitary testicular axis. Changes, when they occur, are marginal and the hormone levels are still within normal physiological limits. The secretory function of both the prostate and the epididymis are changed as a result of vasectomy. There is a 2-fold increase in acid phosphatase in semen after vasectomy, indicating hyperfunction of the prostate. Both prostatic secretions and epididymal secretions decrease after vasectomy. 1 group of 12 men vasectomized for 1 week to 8 years were reanastomized and followed up for 12 months. Semen volume, seminal critic acid, maltase, glycerophosphorylcholine, prolactin, zinc, and magnesium returned to normal levels within 6 months, some within 1 month.
 ...
PMID:Endocrine and accessory sex organ function after vasectomy and vasovasostomy. 679 97

Corticosterone induced changes in serum hormonal profiles and the key enzymes involved in glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways were studied in caput, corpus and cauda epididymides of mature male rate (200-250 g body weight). Corticosterone (3.5 mg/100 g body weight sc. for 20 days) treatment was found to depress serum testosterone and prolactin while the gonadotrophins were unaltered. Enzymes of both the glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways were significantly decreased in caput epididymidis. But in corpus and cauda epididymides only the glycolytic enzymes were reduced. Withdrawal of treatment (for 20 days), resulted in restoration of the glycolytic enzymes to normalcy. Tge serum hormonal profiles were also found to be within the normal range. The pentose phosphate pathway in caput epididymidis showed a significant increase in enzyme activities following withdrawal of treatment. From the present investigation it is clear that hypercorticosteronism had a definite influence on epididymal enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism.
 ...
PMID:Epididymal carbohydrate metabolism in experimental hypercorticosteronism: studies on mature male rats. 717 31

Clomipramine may affect reproduction in male rats and dogs, while other psychotropic drugs can affect sperm motility in vitro. This study investigates the motility of hamster sperm and the fertilization of hamster eggs in vitro with epididymal sperm from alpha-chlorohydrin-pretreated males, and after preincubation with clomipramine. Alpha-chlorohydrin, a compound with a predicted antifertility action, decreased sperm motility and prevented in vitro fertilization. In contrast, clomipramine had no effect on sperm motility, including activated motility, on the acrosome reaction, or on egg penetration in vitro. Clomipramine can, however, influence prolactin levels in man, and follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone levels in male rats.
 ...
PMID:In vitro fertilization of hamster eggs as a test system for drug effect on spermatozoa--lack of clomipramine effect. 739 30

Influence of prolactin on the ultrastructure of principal cells lining the epididymal epithelium was investigated in Wistar rats. Orchidectomy produced degenerative changes suggesting that structural integrity of principal cell is maintained by factors originating in the testis. The atrophic changes in the principal cell of ordhidectomised rats were significantly reversed when prolactin was administered to these animals. The number of cells that responded were found to increase with the dose of prolactin injected. On the otherhand, bromocryptine treatment did not appreciably change the ultrastructure of principal cells in orchidectomised rats. Results suggest that prolactin may have a rejuvenating epididymal principal cells in androgen deficient states.
 ...
PMID:Rejuvenation of epididymal principal cells by prolactin under androgen deficiency. 789 16

Laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) have been traditionally considered nonphotoperiodic because reproductive function is unaffected by day length. However, at least three experimental manipulations of rats--perinatal androgen injection, peripubertal androgen implants, and peripubertal olfactory bulbectomy--have been reported to unmask reproductive responsiveness to photoperiod. The physiological means by which early testosterone treatment or olfactory bulbectomy affect the expression of photoperiodism were hypothesized to operate through similar underlying mechanism(s) that involved gonadotropin and prolactin blood levels. Short day lengths reduce blood levels of gonadotropins in so-called photoperiodic rodent species. Reduced prolactin levels result in virtually all reproductively photoperiodic species housed in short day lengths. In Experiment 1, male weanling rats either were olfactory-bulbectomized or received a sham-procedure and housed for 10 weeks in long (LD 16:8) or short (LD 8:16) days. Short-day rats reduced body mass, testicular sperm counts, and the size of their reproductive systems; olfactory bulbectomy amplified this inhibitory effect for some parameters including testicular and epididymal sperm counts. However, neither short days nor olfactory bulbectomy affected blood titers of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) or prolactin. Pelage density was also unaffected by photoperiod, but rats retained their juvenile fur color; i.e., short-day rats remained white, but long-day rats became yellowish. In Experiment 2, male rats were injected with testosterone at 3 days of age, then housed in long or short days until 10 weeks of age. Day length alone did not affect any experimental parameter measured in Experiment 2 except fur color; again, short-day rats retained their juvenile fur color.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Reproductive and nonreproductive responsiveness to photoperiod in laboratory rats. 789 84

Prolactin treatment to castrated rats led to accumulation of triacylglycerol and esterified cholesterol. There was no appreciable drift in epididymal cholesterol: phospholipid ratio between the prolactin treated and control animals. However, further analysis of phospholipids showed a build up of phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine but a drop in the levels of phosphatidyl serine and sphingomyelin in prolactin treated castrated rats as compared to those castrated animals injected with vehicle alone. Changes in phospholipids reported above were prominently seen in the group of castrated rats that received 100 micrograms oPRL/100 g body weight but not in those animals which received either lower or higher doses of the hormone. Interestingly, bromocryptine treatment in castrated rats produced a general depletion in the levels of all lipid classes studied in the epididymis. It is suggested that this may be due to impaired synthesis and/or increased breakdown of lipids in this organ.
 ...
PMID:Impact of prolactin on epididymal lipid profile in castrated rats. 792 19

Serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations, as well as body, epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT), and testes weights, decrease in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus sungorus) following short-photoperiod exposure. Previously, we have shown that lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCNx) block regression of the testes and decreases in body weight and EWAT caused by short day-like, timed daily subcutaneous melatonin infusions in pinealectomized Siberian hamsters and elevate dramatically serum PRL concentrations. We also have shown that SCNx, as well as lesions of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVNx) and an area immediately ventral to the PVN (subPVN), promote accelerated testicular recrudescence, increases in EWAT and body weights, and increases in serum PRL concentrations, in short-day (SD)-housed, photoregressed Siberian hamsters. The stimulation of the testes seen in these previous studies could have been due to the lesion-induced increases in serum PRL concentrations. Therefore, the purpose of the present experiment was to test whether experimentally induced hyperprolactinemia could stimulate testicular recrudescence. This was accomplished by giving photoregressed, SD-housed Siberian hamsters chronic subcutaneous infusions of ovine PRL (oPRL) to mimic either long-day- or lesion-induced serum concentrations of hamster prolactin (hPRL). No increase in testes, body, or EWAT weights were observed following 5 weeks of oPRL infusions in either group compared with their vehicle-infused counterparts. These data suggest that hyperprolactinemia was not solely responsible for the stimulation of testicular recrudescence in SCNx or PVNx photoregressed, or SCNx pinealectomized hamsters receiving timed melatonin infusions seen previously.
 ...
PMID:Hyperprolactinemia does not promote testicular recrudescence in photoregressed Siberian hamsters. 832 99

Activity of glycosidases in the epididymis was influenced by several factors originating in the testis. Activities of all the three glycosidases studied viz., beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase and alpha-mannosidase were found to be significantly lower in the epididymis of orchidectomized animals than in sham operated rats. However, an enhanced activity of epididymal beta-galactosidase and alpha-mannosidase was noticed in prolactin treated orchidectomized rats compared to orchidectomized rats given vehicle alone. On the other hand, activity of these two enzymes in bromocriptine treated orchidectomized rats was even lower than that found in orchidectomized rats given vehicle. Neither prolactin nor bromocriptine treatment had any significant influence on the epididymal beta-glucosidase. The results suggest a selective but definite action of prolactin on epididymal glycosidases.
 ...
PMID:Modulation in activity of some epididymal glycosidases by prolactin. 835 47


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>