Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An otherwise normal 48-year-old man had malignant large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor of the testis. There were lymph node involvement and albugineal invasion at orchiectomy, and pulmonary metastases developed despite radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Our case and, to our knowledge, the only other reported case of malignant large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor had clinical and histopathological features related to aggressiveness, such as unusual patient age, large tumor size, cellular pleomorphism, high mitotic rate, necrosis and aneuploid deoxyribonucleic acid. Such characteristics are not found in benign large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors. Associated findings included granular change of the epididymal lining, probably due to compression by the large tumor.
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PMID:Malignant large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor of the testis. 775 61

Fighting is known to occur frequently in male mouse groups. In this study with outbred NIH/S mice, the possible impact of individual aggressiveness on fighting in groups and on the social status of animals was studied. Male mice were pre-tested in a resident-intruder (RI) test and rated as initially aggressive or non-aggressive according to their attack behaviour against an intruder. Thereafter they were randomly allocated to new social groups, with four mice per cage. Fighting in groups was increased when several initially aggressive animals were included in the group. Within the groups, animals were rated as dominants and subordinates according to their behaviour toward a strange intruder introduced into their home-cage (Group Intruder, GI) test and the occurrence of wounds. Additionally, subordinates were divided into aggressive and non-aggressive categories according to their behaviour in the second RI test, which was performed 3 weeks after grouping. The behaviour in the RI test prior to group-housing did not predict the individual social status or possibility of being wounded in the new social environment. On the other hand, the social relationships in the new group affected the behaviour in a subsequent RI test. All dominants showed aggressive behaviour during the second RI test. Those subordinates which behaved aggressively during this test received the most numerous and serious wounds, suggesting that in the new groups their interactions with the other group members were mostly aggressive. The reduced weight of epididymal adipose tissue in dominant and aggressive subordinates may indicate that they had fought continuously. Social status or levels of fighting in a group did not affect individual weight gain or the other physiological parameters measured. The wounded animals had enlarged spleens and reduced weights of epididymal adipose tissue, which were probably the results of increased activity of the immune system and reduced welfare, respectively. In conclusion, individual aggressiveness seems to be greatly affected by the demands of the social environment. Fighting in mouse groups leading to wounded animals may have effects on physiological research parameters.
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PMID:Fighting in NIH/S male mice: consequences for behaviour in resident-intruder tests and physiological parameters. 1081 58

Outbred NIH/S male mice were housed from weaning in groups of 4 without enrichment (control) or with nesting material (nest), nesting material and a box (nest-and-box), or nesting material and a tube (nest-and-tube) as environmental modification. The aim of the study was to investigate effects of widely recommended nesting material and additional shelters on male mice. The aggressiveness of the mice in their home cages clearly increased in the nest group, as assessed by the number of wounds. In the nest group, fighting was a stressful situation for the mice, leading to changes in weight gain and in the weights of the thymus, adrenals, spleen, and epididymal adipose tissue. Moreover, the agonistic behavior of these mice toward an intruder was increased both in individual tests (an intruder with the individual mouse) and group tests (an intruder with a group of mice). The provision of a box or tube as a shelter, in addition to nesting material, prevented intracage fighting and did not lead to alterations in the weight gain or organ weights of the mice. However, the agonistic behavior of mice with shelters was slightly increased in behavioral tests. Anxiety in the elevated plus-maze was not affected by any of the housing systems. In conclusion, the agonistic behavior of NIH/S mice, an aggressive strain, seemed to be easily enhanced by these environmental modifications. The suitability of any enrichment should be carefully evaluated, especially when highly aggressive mice are used.
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PMID:Environmental modification and agonistic behavior in NIH/S male mice: nesting material enhances fighting but shelters prevent it. 1677 29

Cypermetherin has been implicated in the development of a variety of reproductive disorders in humans and infertility in wild life, where it increases the death rate of the offspring and induces aggressiveness (Elbetieha et al., 2001). Studies in workers exposed to handling of agro pesticides indicate that they have defects in their reproduction capabilities characterized by infertility and/or a decrease in the fertilizing potential, fetal death. In this study, mice weighing 30-35 g were used, separated in 3 groups, (1) control (2) vehicle (oil) and (3) experimental (Cypermetherin and oil). The animals were gavaged by 1/5, 1/20 LD50 for 2 and 4 weeks respectively, and with 1/5 LD50 for 12 weeks, then sacrificed. Epididymal spermatozoa were evaluated with respect to quantity, motility and morphology. The histology of testis and epididymis was also studied. Sperm count decreased by around 20% in treated animals compared with control. Teratology observations showed a clear modification of sperm morphology, especially the flagella. Testicular and epididymal morphology was also impaired. It is concluded that Cypermetherin may cause morphological and functional alteration of the male reproductive tract.
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PMID:Cypermetherin toxic effects on spermatogenesis and male mouse reproductive organs. 2154 85

Growing body of evidence shows that extra adiposity influences on the progression of multiple cancers, including breast cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate whether obesity correlates with mammary tumor development in vitro and in vivo. We found that obesity-related mediators, 3T3-L1 adipocyte conditioned medium, enhanced formation of cancerous foci induced by the carcinogen 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in NIH/3T3 fibroblasts, in vitro. Additionally, we tested the effect of obesity in mouse model of DMBA-induced breast cancer. C57BL/6J female mice were fed a low fat (LF), or high fat (HF) diet, and DMBA was administered by oral gavage (LF plus DMBA [LFD] and HF plus DMBA [HFD]). Our results indicated that HFD mouse developed a tumor which weight was 169mg, whereas the LFD mouse developed a tumor weight of 77mg. Histological analysis of the mammary tumor from HFD group showed morphological aggressiveness and multiple cell type infiltration compared to LFD group. The epididymal adipose tissue from the DMBA groups showed more macrophage infiltration, polarized towards an M1 phenotype compared to the non-DMBA mice. HF mice showed less accumulation of M2 macrophages in the adipose tissue. In summary, obese mediators enhanced DMBA induced tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo.
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PMID:Obesity enhances carcinogen 7, 12-Dimethylbenz [a] anthracene -induced tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. 2904 92

A 3-year-old Arabian mare underwent medical examinations due to the presence of abnormalities of the reproductive apparatus and stallion behavior (nervous temperament, aggressiveness, masculine attitude). During the clinical visit, an anovulvar distance shorter than normal was observed; moreover, vulvar lips were dorsally fused except for the lower neckline, showing a blind ending from which a penis-like structure protruded. The ultrasound examination revealed the presence of a cervix and corpus of a uterus, hypoplastic uterine horns, and small gonads with an echogenicity similar to a testis. Blood testosterone levels ranged from 0.4 to 0.6 ng/mL. Cytogenetic analysis showed a normal female karyotype (2n = 64,XX), while PCR amplification of SRY and ZFY genes revealed the absence of a Y chromosome. At necroscopic examination, internal genitalia arising from the genital ridge in the form of masculine type structures were found, while those deriving from the Mullerian ducts were of feminine type. In addition, an infundibular portion of the salpinx at the cranial pole of the gonads was found. This is the first case in equine species of DSD 2n = 64,XX SRY-negative, with the simultaneous presence of male (hypoplastic testicles, epididymal portions, and a penis-like structure) and female (cervix, horn and body of a hypoplastic uterus) genital structures.
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PMID:An Unusual Case of Testicular Disorder in Sex Development of Arabian Mare (64,XX SRY-Negative). 3311 13