Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the early 1970s, the elevated rate of abnormalities in children of the 2-3 million US women and 260,000 French women treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy began to be recognized. 4 kinds of cervicovaginal anomalies have been observed in women exposed to DES in utero: 1) 22-58% have been estimated to have morphologic anomalies with the timing of exposure to DES more important than the total dose 2) a high proportion has an insufficient cervical mucus not corrected by exogenous administration of estrogen 3) a high proportion develop cervical stenosis after cryosurgery, electrocoagulation, or conization and 4) the increased incidence of prematurity in infants of DES-exposed mothers has been attributed to cervical incompetence. 69% of 267 women studied had hysterographically demonstrated uterotubal malformations. A characteristic aspect was a T-shaped uterus but other anomalies were noted. Hysterographic anomalies were correlated with cervico-isthmic anatomic anomalies, anomalies of the vaginal epithelium, and with the date of 1st exposure to DES in utero. The total dose of DES did not affect the frequency of genital anomalies. Possible tubal anomalies have not been well studied, although 1 author has observed short and narrow tubes and other abnormalities. The number of extrauterine pregnancies is known to be elevated in women exposed to DES in utero. The possibility of an increased incidence of menstrual irregularity, dysmenorrhea, or oligomenorrhea in DES-exposed women has been suggested but remains controversial. The responsibility of DES exposure in utero for later reduced fertility is also in dispute. Higher rates of spontaneous abortion, extrauterine pregnancy, prematurity, and perinatal death have been reported in DES-exposed women. Increased incidence of stenosis of the meatus, hypospadias, epididymal cysts, testicular hypoplasia and other anomalies, cryptorchidism, microphallus, and varicocele have been reported in men exposed to DES in utero. Reduced sperm counts and anomalies in the volume of the ejaculate, percentage of sperm mobile, and sperm morphology have been reported in exposed men. Sperm anomalies may be responsible for reduced fertility in exposed men, but the exact extent is unknown.
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PMID:[Fertility disorders attributable to the use of diethylstilbestrol during intrauterine life]. 639 35

The obstetric data of 904 consecutive pregnancies obtained after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using ejaculated spermatozoa (group I), epididymal spermatozoa (group II), testicular spermatozoa (group III) and after the replacement of frozen-thawed embryos (group IV) are described. In all, there were 785 pregnancies in group I, 37 pregnancies in group II, 30 pregnancies in group III and 52 pregnancies in group IV. A total of 24 pregnancies (2.5%) have so far been lost to follow-up. The incidence of pregnancy loss, i.e. subclinical pregnancies, clinical abortions and ectopic pregnancies were highest in group IV (61.4%). Early pregnancy loss in groups I, II and III were 21.9, 37.8 and 33.3% respectively. Prenatal diagnosis was performed in 64.4% of the clinical pregnancies: amniocentesis in 48.2% and chorionic villus sampling in 16.2%. The karyotypes were normal in 97.6% of the prenatal diagnoses and there were 1.2% de novo and 1.2% inherited chromosome aberrations. Pregnancy complications such as prematurity and low birthweight were related to pregnancy multiplicity. Perinatal mortality occurred in 15 babies (17.1 per thousand), including nine intrauterine fetal deaths after 25 weeks of gestation and six cases of mortality during the first 7 days after birth. There is no evidence that the technique of ICSI using sperm cells of different origins yielded a higher obstetric risk.
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PMID:Obstetric outcome of 904 pregnancies after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. 914 15

The aim of this study was to report the outcome of all clinical pregnancies obtained after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) performed during a 5 year period at two fertility clinics, with special reference to delivery outcome associated with different sperm origin and quality and the transfer of fresh or frozen-thawed pre-embryos. A total of 1293 clinical pregnancies was analysed. Deliveries occurred in 75.9% (n = 982) and early spontaneous abortion, late spontaneous abortion and ectopic pregnancy in 21.4, 1.0 and 1.2% respectively. Multiple birth occurred in 21.3% (208 sets of twins and one set of triplets) of the deliveries, with the highest incidence in the epididymal sperm group (30.2%) and lowest in the cryopreserved group (13.7%). A total of 1192 infants was born. Preterm birth occurred in 15.7% of all deliveries. Preterm birth was not related to sperm origin or quality but was related to multiple birth. The prematurity rate was 8.4%, 42.3% and 100% for singletons, twins and triplets respectively. Singleton infants born after cryopreservation as embryos had a significantly higher birthweight than the ejaculated sperm group with fresh embryo transfer. The perinatal mortality rate was 11.7 per 1000 born infants. Eighty-seven of the 1192 infants (7.3%) had a malformation, 40 of which were minor. The perinatal mortality rate and the malformation rate were similar in the different subgroups. Prenatal karyotyping was performed on 149 fetuses (12.5%) and abnormal results were found in four cases (2.7%). In conclusion, obstetric outcome of ICSI pregnancies was similar to that of conventional IVF and was not influenced by sperm origin or quality. The high incidence of multiple births is still the major concern.
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PMID:Obstetric outcome of pregnancies following ICSI, classified according to sperm origin and quality. 1078 76