Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The interaction between encephalitogenic lymphocytes and the cerebral microvascular lining is considered to be an important initial step in the recruitment of immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS) under pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and its investigative analog, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). This study was conducted in order to examine whether differences in microvascular endothelial cell expression of several molecules involved in lymphovascular interactions correlate with the strain and organ-specific development of EAE. Cerebral and epididymal microvascular endothelial cells (EC) were isolated from SJL and B10.S mice, which, despite MHC-compatibility (H-2S), differ in their ability to develop EAE. The subcultured cells were then analyzed by flow cytometry for their ability to express class I MHC, class II MHC and ICAM-1 molecules in response to treatment with murine recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Over a range of doses and times, cerebral EC cultures derived from EAE-susceptible SJL mice expressed two-fold higher levels and higher cell surface densities of class II molecules than cerebral EC cultures derived from EAE-resistant B10.S mice, whereas class I and ICAM-1 molecules were comparably upregulated on both SJL and B10.S cerebral EC. In contrast, both SJL and B10.S epididymal EC cultures expressed lower but comparable levels of class II molecules in response to IFN-gamma. Class I and ICAM-1 molecules, however, were upregulated to at least the same degree as that observed on cerebral EC derived from both strains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Interferon-gamma-inducible endothelial cell class II major histocompatibility complex expression correlates with strain- and site-specific susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. 810 93

The expression of several immunoregulatory adhesion proteins and cytokines was studied in the normal epididymis, cryptorchid cryptepididymis, the epididymis of oestrogen-treated mice and the epididymis of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice at the protein level to see which of these immunoregulatory proteins may be involved in lymphocyte regulation in the normal or pathological epididymis and if cytokine balance in this organ is on the cellular or humoral side. The aim of the study was to characterize the immunological microenvironment of the epididymis to explain the survival of the autoantigenic spermatozoa in this site. In the 6-week-old BALB/c or NOD mouse epididymis there were some CD18 and CD44 expressing cells in the interstitial tissue. There were no differences between these strains in the expression of the studied antigens, except that some CD4 positive cells were present in the interstitial tissue of BALB/c mice. In the cryptorchid cryptepididymis CD4, CD8, CD18, CD44, CD54 and CD106 expressing cells were occasionally present in the connective tissue surrounding the epididymal tubule. In the epididymis of the oestrogen-treated mice these antigens were not expressed. In the cryptorchid cryptepididymis the epithelial cells expressed IL-10 highly and the myoid peritubular cells IL-6. The present results suggest that the epididymal epithelial IL-10 suppressing TH0, TH1 and TH2 immune responses may be involved in the protection of autoantigenic spermatozoa from immune destruction.
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PMID:IL-10 is highly expressed in the cryptorchid cryptepididymal epithelium: a probable mechanism preventing immune responses against autoantigenic spermatozoa in the epididymal tubule. 1203 Oct 39

Several studies have implicated fatty-acids as inflammatory regulators, suggesting that there may be a direct role for common dietary fatty-acids in regulating innate immune cells. In humans, a single high-fat meal increases systemic cytokines and leukocytes. In mice, short term high-fat feeding increases adipose tissue (AT) leukocytes and alters the inflammatory profile of AT macrophages. We have seen that short term high fat feeding to C57BL/6J male mice increases palmitic and oleic acid within AT depots, but oleic acid increase is highest in the mesenteric AT (MAT). In vitro, oleic acid increases M2 macrophage markers (CD206, MGL1, and ARG1) in a murine macrophage cell line, while addition of palmitic acid is able to inhibit that increase. Three day supplementation of a chow diet, with oleic acid, induced an increase in M2 macrophage markers in the MAT, but not in the epididymal AT. We tested whether increases in M2 macrophages occur during short term ad lib feeding of a high fat diet, containing oleic acid. Experiments revealed two distinct populations of macrophages were altered by a three day high milk-fat diet. One population, phenotypically intermediate for F4/80, showed diet-induced increases in CD206, an anti-inflammatory marker characteristic of M2 macrophages intrinsic to the AT. Evidence for a second population, phenotypically F4/80(HI)CD11b(HI) macrophages, showed increased association with the MAT following short term feeding that is dependent on the adhesion molecule, ICAM-1. Collectively, we have shown that short term feeding of a high-fat diet changes two population of macrophages, and that dietary oleic acid is responsible for increases in M2 macrophage polarization.
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PMID:Dietary oleic acid increases m2 macrophages in the mesenteric adipose tissue. 2409 82

Expression of adherence proteins, such as P-cadherin, has been identified in the normal testis and changed in impaired testis induced by alkylating agents. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules, is a constituent component of the blood-testis barrier and a multifunctional molecule in homeostasis of spermatogenesis. However, the distribution of ICAM-1 in the testis of mice and expression changes after busulfan treatment remain unclear. In this study, ICAM-1 immunoreaction was detected in Sertoli and germinal cells, particularly in spermatogonia, and elongating and elongated spermatids of normal testes. Accompanied with degeneration of spermatogenesis (decrease in testicular and epididymal weights, as well as loss of germ cells in histological morphology), ICAM-1 expression declined significantly in the seminiferous tubules during a 4-week experimental period, particularly in the first 2 weeks (40 mg kg(-1) busulfan, single injection). Compared with the control group, busulphan-treated testes showed a significant increase in lipid peroxidation during weeks 1 and 2. Thus, ICAM-1 may play an important role in the homeostasis of spermatogenesis, and busulfan treatment can lead to adhesion disintegration.
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PMID:Involvement of ICAM-1 in impaired spermatogenesis after busulfan treatment in mice. 2580 59

Cheonggukjang and chaga mushrooms have numerous health benefits, and have been used in alternative medicine. Therefore, a powder mixture of 98: Cheonggukjang and 2: Chaga extracts was fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus KCTC3925 (FCC) and its anti-obesity effects in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice were determined. Five-week-old male ICR mice were fed a normal diet or HFD in the presence or absence of 3% and 5% FCC by weight (n = 10 per group). After 12 weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and the serum and tissue samples were collected for analysis. Body weight and epididymal fat pad weight were significantly lowered in the 3% and 5% FCC groups compared with those in the HFD control group (p < 0.01). FCC supplementation suppressed serum triglyceride and increased serum HDL-C levels (p < 0.01). Serum GOT, GPT, and leptin levels, hepatic COX-2 mRNA expression, and splenic COX-2 and IL-4 mRNA expression were significantly higher in the HFD groups than in the control group (p > 0.05); however, except for splenic IL-4 levels, the increases were significantly attenuated by FCC supplementation. Expression of ICAM-1, an aortic inflammatory marker, was significantly increased in the HFD group; this effect was suppressed in the 3% FCC group (p < 0.01) but not in the 5% FCC group. FCC suppressed the body weight and epididymal fat pad weight gain, as well as inflammatory responses in the liver and spleen of HFD-fed mice. Thus, FCC supplementation will be beneficial for the treatment of obesity-related effects.
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PMID:Secondary Fermented Extract of Chaga-Cheonggukjang Attenuates the Effects of Obesity and Suppresses Inflammatory Response in the Liver and Spleen of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. 3103 Apr 53