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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The in vitro motility of caudal epididymal spermatozoa from four hamsters, four rats, and four mice was compared in modified Tyrode's medium (TLP-PVA) prepared with water of three qualities: (1) Sigma tissue culture water, 18 m omega, high quality (HQ); (2) deionized distilled water, 4.5 m omega prior to distillation, intermediate quality (IQ); and (3) tap water, low quality (LQ). The objective was to evaluate the in vitro bioassay potential of spermatozoa from these species, in terms of relative sensitivities to toxins in different qualities of water. An average sperm motility index (SMI) was calculated per treatment at 2, 4, and 6 hr, where SMI = fpm2 x % motility. Hamster SMI could be used to discriminate between HQ and IQ media at 4 and 6 hr (P less than 0.001), while rat SMI could be used to discriminate between HQ and IQ media at 6 hr (P less than 0.05). Mouse SMI did not differ between HQ and IQ media. The ability to discriminate between extremes in quality. HQ or IQ vs LQ, was equal between species (P less than 0.001). These results suggest that hamster spermatozoa provide the more sensitive in vitro bioassay model, while rat and mouse spermatozoa may be used for assay of extremes in water quality.
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PMID:An evaluation of hamster, rat, and mouse sperm-cell motility in media formulated with water of different qualities. 201 62

Hamster epididymal spermatozoa became virtually immotile following washing and dilution in chemically defined medium (TLP-PVA). The sperm motility factors (penicillamine, hypotaurine, and epinephrine: PHE) were examined for their ability to reactivate immotile sperm. Sperm could be reactivated by addition of PHE at 1 h of incubation. Hypotaurine alone was capable of reactivating sperm motility, but epinephrine and penicillamine together were not. However, overall sperm motility and percentage of motile sperm during incubation were higher when PHE components were used in combination than when hypotaurine was used alone. Addition of hypotaurine to immotile sperm suspensions could be postponed for up to 6 h with subsequent recovery of sperm motility, although the degree of recovery of motility declined progressively with each hour that addition of hypotaurine was delayed. The rescuing effect of hypotaurine was due to an increase both in the percentage of motile sperm and in the quality (grade) of sperm motility. The data show that hypotaurine is required for expression of sperm motility in the hamster, and support the concept that the loss of hypotaurine from sperm following washing and dilution is responsible for the sperm-immobilizing effect of these procedures. Additionally, the data demonstrate that hamster sperm can remain viable for several hours after becoming immotile, and that many of the immotile sperm are capable of being reactivated.
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PMID:Addition of hypotaurine can reactivate immotile golden hamster spermatozoa. 231 1

By using a chemically defined (protein-free) culture medium that supports sperm viability but not capacitation or the acrosome reaction, we have determined that hamster spermatozoa can be chemically capacitated in vitro by the divalent cation chelators D-penicillamine, L-histidine, and L-cysteine in the absence of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Washed cauda epididymal spermatozoa were preincubated (1-2 x 10(6) sperm/ml) for 3, 4, or 6 hr at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2 in air. The basic culture medium used for sperm preincubation and for sperm:egg coincubation was a modified Tyrode's solution (protein-free) containing 10 mM sodium lactate, 100 microM sodium pyruvate, and 1.0 mg/ml polyvinylalcohol (TLP-PVA). Sperm viability was maintained in all preincubation and coincubation media with PHE (20 microM D-penicillamine, 100 microM hypotaurine, and 1.0 microM epinephrine). The low control sperm preincubation medium consisted of TLP-PVA. In some cases the high control preincubation medium also contained 3 mg/ml BSA (TALP-PVA). The experimental preincubation medium was TLP-PVA with additional D-penicillamine (125 or 500 microM), or L-histidine (10, 100, or 1,000 microM) or L-cysteine (25, 75, or 125 microM). After preincubation, sperm were coincubated (2 x 10(4) sperm/ml) with cumulus-free hamster eggs in TALP-PVA +/- additional D-penicillamine, L-histidine, or L-cysteine for 1.5 hr, fixed, and evaluated for percent egg penetration as an index of sperm capacitation. The results demonstrate that hamster spermatozoa can be chemically capacitated in vitro with D-penicillamine (500 microM: range of mean penetration values, 53.6%-84.3%), L-histidine (100 microM: range of mean values, 24.8%-56.3%) or L-cysteine (75 microM: 51.3%) in the absence of exogenous protein.
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PMID:Capacitation of hamster spermatozoa with the divalent cation chelators D-penicillamine, L-histidine, and L-cysteine in a protein-free culture medium. 273 1

Cauda epididymal hamster spermatozoa were capacitated with D-penicillamine in a chemically defined (protein-free) medium (= "chemical" capacitation). Hamster zonae pellucidae were incapable of inducing functional acrosome reactions in chemically capacitated hamster sperm in a protein-free medium during sperm-egg coincubation. The culture medium used throughout incubation was a modified Tyrode's solution containing 10 mM sodium lactate, 100 microM sodium pyruvate and 1.0 mg/ml polyvinylalcohol (TLP-PVA). Sperm motility was maintained in all media with PHE (20 microM penicillamine, 100 microM hypotaurine, and 1.0 microM epinephrine). Additional D-penicillamine (125 or 500 microM) or 3 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (high control: TALP-PVA) was used to capacitate sperm during preincubation at 1-2 X 10(6) sperm/ml for 4.0 h at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2 in air. Sperm were then coincubated (2 X 10(4) sperm/ml) with cumulus-free hamster eggs in TALP-PVA or TLP-PVA +/- additional D-penicillamine (total: 500 or 125 microM) for 1.5 or 6.0 h. Percent egg penetration was used as the definitive index of sperm capacitation and functional acrosome reactions. Chemically capacitated sperm did not penetrate eggs (0.0 +/- 0.0%) in the absence of albumin during 1.5 h of sperm-egg coincubation. When sperm were chemically capacitated with 125 microM or 500 microM D-penicillamine, then coincubated with eggs for 6.0 h in the absence of albumin, only 18.8 +/- 28.6% and 23.7 +/- 29.7%, respectively, of eggs were penetrated. Significantly (p less than 0.05) more eggs (67.7 +/- 22.4%) were penetrated when coincubated with chemically capacitated sperm for 1.5 h in medium containing albumin. These results demonstrate that zonae pellucidae of hamster eggs require the presence of albumin to efficiently induce functional acrosome reactions in sperm that are chemically capacitated with D-penicillamine.
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PMID:Hamster zonae pellucidae cannot induce physiological acrosome reactions in chemically capacitated hamster spermatozoa in the absence of albumin. 280 2