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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The epididymal penetration of roxithromycin was studied in order to evaluate the drug for use in the treatment of epididymo-orchitis. Seventeen patients hospitalized for surgery as part of treatment for prostatic adenoma or prostatic cancer were premedicated orally with roxithromycin 150 mg bd for three days followed by 150 mg pre-operatively (3 h before surgical incision). Roxithromycin concentrations in serum and epididymis were determined by microbiological assay. The mean epididymal concentrations were 6.48 +/- 4.88 and 5.98 +/- 3.92 mg/kg for left and right epididymis respectively and the corresponding mean tissue/serum ratios 0.88 +/- 0.57 and 0.84 +/- 0.53. The wide intersubject variation in the concentration of roxithromycin found in serum and tissue is commonly seen with other macrolide antibiotics. The concentrations observed in this study in serum and tissue were greater than the MIC90s for Chlamydia trachomatis (0.25 to 1 mg/L), and Ureaplasma urealyticum (0.5 mg/L).
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PMID:Disposition of roxithromycin in the epididymis after repeated oral administration. 139 28

Epididymectomy was performed on 10 men with intractable post-vasectomy pain, on 7 with chronic epididymo-orchitis and 7 with epididymal cysts. The vasectomy patients had pain of mean 6 years duration, 6 months-20 years after surgery. In 9 the pain was a constant, dull ache. 5 had unilateral, and 5 bilateral epididymectomy. Only 5 were relieved of pain: 1 subsequently had orchidectomy with symptomatic improvement. The other 4 were offered orchidectomy. There was no obvious association of clinical findings with results. All 7 patients with epididymo-orchitis were relieved, although 1 required orchidectomy. 4 of the 7 with cysts had complained of pain, and all were asymptomatic after surgery. The most common pathological findings in the vasectomy patients were obstruction and dilatation of the efferent and epididymal ducts with interstitial fibrosis, and perineural inflammation and fibrosis around nerves, particularly in the tail of epididymis. So-called "late vasectomy syndrome" or unremitting pain is rare, and probable related to sperm granuloma.
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PMID:Epididymectomy for post-vasectomy pain: histological review. 193 63

Definite sonographic abnormalities are noted short time after the onset of acute testicular pain in patients with testicular torsion. In some cases gray-scale sonographic features will prove valuable in differentiating epididymo-orchitis from torsion. The spectrum of findings include testicular enlargement with an associated decrease in echogenicity of the testicular parenchyma, enlargement of the epididymal body and spermatic cord, and sometimes a hydrocele. A case is presented, in which the B-scan ultrasound mapped out the intrascrotal contents and caused prompt surgical intervention.
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PMID:[Ultrasonics in testicular torsion]. 265 97

The clinical, radiological and ultrasound features of 3 patients presenting with tuberculous epididymo-orchitis are described and the relevant literature reviewed. Scrotal swelling, pain and sinuses are common features at presentation. The presence of a sterile pyuria is a useful sign, but intravenous urography may fail to identify active renal disease. Ultrasound examination revealed testicular involvement in 2 patients. Differentiation from tumour may not be possible, but the presence of epididymal involvement strongly suggests an infective cause. Early surgical biopsy may prove helpful if acid-fast bacilli are not initially identified in early morning urine samples.
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PMID:Tuberculous epididymo-orchitis: clinical and ultrasound observations. 267 62

An elderly man who had vasectomy for recurrent epididymal orchitis infection developed vasocutaneous urinary fistula, a rare complication reported only 8 times previously. The 62-year old man suffered from E. coli infection of the epididymis recurring for 18 months which was treated with antibiotics and then bladder neck incision. When he developed acute unilateral epididymo-orchitis, right orchiectomy and left scrotal vasectomy were performed. Several years later he presented with a chronic discharge on each side of the scrotum. An abcess was curetted and vasal ends religated. Further investigations included urine flow rate, scrotal sinogram, dye marking of the bladder, voiding cystourethrogram and endoscopy. He has moderate prostate hypertrophy which was treated with resection, and the left vas was ligated in the groin at the internal ring. He recovered some urinary flow, his scrotum healed, and the infection resolved. This case emphasizes the need to consider urinary reflux as a cause of recurrent epididymitis in men with persistent lower urinary tract infection and bladder outflow obstruction.
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PMID:Vasal urinary fistula with retrograde reflux of urine after vasectomy. 395 30

During the course of acute bacterial epididymitis of nonvenereal origin, severe epididymal inflammation and edema can produce compression of adjacent branches of the spermatic vessels, which can compromise the testicular vascular system. Scrotal fixation over the involved testicle heralds this event and indicates actual or impending epididymal suppuration. At this crucial moment either surgical decompression of the epididymis or epididymectomy is indicated to prevent ischemia of the testis and subsequent development of gangrenous epididymo-orchitis with testicular slough. Between 1956 and 1980, 14 epididymotomies were done, which resulted in salvage of 12 testicles (86 per cent). During the same period 10 patients with acute epididymitis had progression of the disease to gangrenous epididymo-orchitis, which necessitated orchiectomy. Epididymotomy can prevent progression of acute epididymitis to gangrenous epididymo-orchitis in many instances and is believed to have a role in the management of this troublesome affliction.
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PMID:The surgical management of acute bacterial epididymitis with emphasis on epididymotomy. 714 92

During the eradication of Brucella ovis infection from five large breeding ram flocks of Sub-Carpathia (The Ukraine), the genital organs of 55 rams culled because of seropositivity in the agar-gel precipitation (AGP) test and ELISA were subjected to gross pathological, histopathological and bacteriological examination. The results of these examinations, as well as the properties of B. ovis strains isolated for the first time in the region are reported. Thirty-three out of the 55 pairs of epididymides and testicles (60%) showed gross lesions (chronic epididymitis associated with the formation of spermatocele, sperm granuloma or abscess). From the 55 pairs of epididymides and testicles examined, a total of 26 B. ovis strains were isolated: of them, 24 (92.3%) originated from breeding rams while 2 (7.7%) from ram hoggets kept together with the breeding rams. Seven out of the 26 B. ovis strains (26.9%) were cultured from the epididymides of rams which did not show palpable epididymal and/or testicular lesions. It is emphasized that chronic inflammatory processes were observed in both epididymides even if the clinically palpable epididymo-orchitis occurred unilaterally. Three out of the 26 B. ovis strains were derived from AGP-positive but ELISA-negative, while 5 from ELISA-positive but AGP-negative rams. The remaining B. ovis strains were isolated from the genital organs of rams found seropositive both by the AGP test and by ELISA. The cultural, morphological and most important biochemical properties of the 26 sub-Carpathian B. ovis strains were identical with those of the reference strain designated Weybridge 63/290 (NCTC 10512).
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PMID:Bacteriologically confirmed cases of ovine epididymo-orchitis caused by Brucella ovis in Sub-Carpathia. 781 Mar 98

A previous study demonstrated the establishment of a murine testicular antigen (mTA)-specific CD4+ T-cell line (designated BT.1) which was capable of transferring experimental autoimmune epididymo-orchitis to naive recipient mice. The disease transfer was antigen-specific, because no inflammatory lesion was observed in any other organs and tissues of the recipients. In this study, to investigate the local environment of BT.1 cells, the effect of the cells and their culture supernatant on a local tissue integrity was studied. When BT.1 cells were seeded on cultured fibroblastoid cell monolayers, the cells completely disrupted these monolayers in spite of the absence of the specific antigens. Moreover, the culture supernatant of BT.1 cells induced non-specific dermal inflammation when injected into skin tissue of normal syngeneic mice. Therefore, BT.1 cells were shown to devastate a tissue integrity and cause attraction and activation of inflammatory cells of the recipient origin in a local environment. These results suggest that the transferred BT.1 cells will specifically home to the testis and epididymis of recipients but the following devastation of seminiferous tubules and epididymal ducts might be non-specifically produced by the inflammatory cells of both donor and recipient origin in the lesion.
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PMID:Antigen non-specific tissue damage in T cell-mediated experimental autoimmune orchitis: preliminary characterization of a testis-specific T-cell line by using dermal tissue and cells. 809 81

Vasectomy is the most reliable method of birth control. More than 33 million couples now rely on it in the United States, the United Kingdom, India, China, Thailand, South Korea, Canada, the Netherlands, and New Zealand. Many of the problems associated with vasectomy can be prevented by discussion about the procedure beforehand with the couple concerned, with clear warning that complications can sometimes occur. Recently, a no-scalpel technique has been introduced by Dr Li Shunqiang in China with good results. During 10 and 12 weeks follow-up, semen should be examined. The detailed study of 1000 vasectomies performed under local anesthetic at the Margaret Pyke Centre in London defined the expected complication rate. Two patients suffered vasovagal attacks during the operation and required resuscitation. Minor hematomas occurred in 3.5%. 12 developed minor sepsis but only one abscess occurred. Three cases of epididymo-orchitis were seen. Altogether, 5.6% of patients complained of minor local symptoms including bruising. In the large Oxford Series, 7.7% sought medical advice for local pain and 3.6% for bleeding. Scrotal hematoma developed in 0.9%. 80% returned to work in 3 days and 96% within 1 week. Spermatozoa have been found in a para-aortic lymph node one year after vasectomy in a man undergoing laparotomy, and circulating antisperm antibodies can be detected by sperm-agglutination tests in the serum of 60-80% of men following vasectomy. Technical difficulties with vas anastomosis and secondary changes in the epididymis make the chances of successful restoration of fertility only a little better than 50%. There are four causes of failure of vasectomy reversal: 1) in about half of patients there is stenosis or blockage of the previous vaso-vasostomy, 2) the second most common cause is epididymal blockage, 3) development of a very high antisperm antibody response to the vasectomy, and 4) cessation of spermatogenesis.
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PMID:Vasectomy and vasectomy reversal. 819 17

Eighteen patients with epididymo-orchitis were reviewed clinically, microbiologically and serologically. While there were positive urine culture in 5 patients before treatment, only one of them had positive culture in the epididymal aspirate. The epididymo-orchitis in two patients was the complications of the brucellosis. Ofloxacin or doxycycline was used in the treatment of 16 patients for 2-3 weeks and all, except one patient were recovered completely. The cases secondary to the brucellosis were treated with rifampicin plus doxycycline combination for 6 weeks. After treatment, no positive urine cultures were noted in all patients. As a result the epididymal aspiration to clarify etiological agent is not necessarily needed and empirical treatment may be generally curative.
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PMID:[Evaluation of 18 epididymo-orchitis cases]. 842 41


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