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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The semen characteristics of 215 fertile men (F = fathers requesting vasectomy) and of 409 infertile men (I) have been analysed under strictly identical conditions. The mean values for volume, sperm concentration, and the percentages of motile, vital and morphologically normal spermatozoa were greater in group F than in I. Seminal variations were much greater in cases of testicular lesions (cryptorchidism, hypotrophy) than in varicocele, although there remains a difference between F and I even after exclusion of all clinical lesions suggesting a role for other factors in the origin of much cases of infertility. Other than in cases of azoospermia, there is no difference in the function of the accessory glands detectable by the assay of seminal biochemical markers: fructose (seminal vesicles) acid phosphatase and citrate (prostate); only L-carnitine (epididymal marker) is elevated in the fertile men, however this difference is only a reflection of the observed difference in sperm concentration in combination with the close correlation between sperm concentration and L-carnitine values.
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PMID:[Semen characteristics and fertility (author's transl)]. 734 Jun 97

Insertion of Silastic rods containing the directly acting sympathomimetic drug, methoxamine, adjacent to the epididymis of rats caused a temporary reduction in fertility with no loss of ability to mate. This effect lasted up to 3 weeks. At the time of the maximal antifertility action (3-7 days after insertion), the number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate fell to almost zero, and there was a reduction in the total number of spermatozoa in the epididymis resulting from a significant drop in the number present in the cauda. Methoxamine also caused immotility and decapitation of the remaining epididymal spermatozoa. The indirectly acting sympathomimetics, tyramine and norephedrine, did not affect fertility. It is postulated that methoxamine acts to induce infertility principally by bringing about a reduction of sperm numbers in the ejaculate. This could have been produced either by a failure of the vas and cauda to contract normally at copulation or because the sperm store in the cauda had fallen below a critical threshold level.
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PMID:Effect of local application of sympathomimetic drugs to the epididymis on fertility in rats. 735 77

Due to the drawbacks in the potential use of alpha-chlorohydrin itself as a male oral contraceptive, two novel crystalline derivatives, alpha-chlorohydrin-bis-m-nitrobenzoate and alpha-chlorohyrdin-mono-p-acetamidobenzoate, were synthesized and tested for antifertility activity in male rats. In addition, the nephrotoxic effects of alpha-chlorohydrin itself and of the two aromatic esters were investigated by the use of diuretic experiments, plasma biochemical analyses and kidney histology. Both esters were found to be of comparable molar potency to alpha-chlorohydrin in inducing temporary infertility following daily oral administration. The nephrotoxic effects following high oral doses of alpha-chlorohydrin were largely eliminated by the use of either ester. These derivatives have several advantages over alpha-chlorohydrin, being crystalline compounds of definable purity. Although potency was retained, acute oral toxicity was greatly reduced, due to a combination of factors - the esters were poorly absorbed in high dosage whilst relatively slow breakdown permitted effective levels to be attained on epididymal spermatozoa.
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PMID:Antifertility and toxicological studies with aromatic esters of alpha-chlorohydrin in male rats. 742 13

The present report covers the results of a 26-month period in which 1275 consecutive treatment cycles by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were performed in 919 couples. These couples were afflicted with male factor infertility and had had at least one previous failed conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment cycle. In other couples, the husband had semen parameters incompatible with conventional IVF or suffered from excretory azoospermia which required microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration or testicular sperm retrieval. Overall, the 2 pronuclear (PN) fertilization rate was 47.7% per retrieved oocyte-cumulus complex and 66.4% per successfully injected metaphase II oocyte. Embryo transfer was performed in 90.8% of started cycles and 362 clinical pregnancies were recorded, giving a clinical pregnancy rate of 28.4% per started cycle or 31.3% per transfer. In addition, updated results on the outcome of pregnancies after microassisted fertilization are presented. As of 30 August 1994, 416 children have been born. Although 16 major congenital malformations have been observed (3.9%), there appears to be no reason for serious concern as regards the occurrence of major congenital anomalies after ICSI.
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PMID:Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): the Brussels experience. 748 Aug 46

Sulfasalazine (2-hydroxy-5-[[4-[(2-pyridinylamino) sulfonyl] phenyl]azo]benzoic acid; SASP) was administered to rats in a short-term male reproductive toxicity study to further examine the utility of this grouping of techniques and to generate reference data with a substance that is known to cause reversible infertility in men. Adult male CD rats (10/group) were orally administered 0, 150, 300, or 600 mg SASP/kg body weight in divided doses for 14 d followed by a 2-week period without treatment. Males were killed on test day (TD) 15 or 29. At each time point, the reproductive system was evaluated by comparing testicular and epididymal weights, DNA ploidy distributions of testicular cell suspensions, testicular and epididymal histopathology, and epididymal sperm concentrations, motion, morphology, and breakage. Adding time as a factor in the protocol aids in distinguishing testicular from posttesticular effects. Changes in sperm quality after 2 weeks of test article administration (TD 15) predominantly reflect effects that occurred after the sperm entered the epididymis, while testicular effects predominated on TD 29. Beginning on TD 14, males to be killed on TD 29 were cohabited with untreated females (1:2). Females were killed at midgestation and examined for pregnancy status. Body weight gain was depressed in all SASP groups during the first 3 d of test article administration. Food consumption was depressed at the 300- and 600-mg/kg dose levels. No changes were seen in testicular weight, but epididymal weight was depressed at the 600-mg/kg dose level. DNA ploidy distributions determined by flow cytometry did not indicate that the kinetics of spermatogenesis were disturbed. However, alterations in sperm release, which have not previously been reported, were seen at all SASP dose levels. On TD 29, the percentage of progressively motile sperm was depressed and beat/cross frequency was increased at the 600-mg/kg dose level. No changes were observed in sperm morphology or breakage. Fertility was slightly depressed at the 600-mg/kg dose level. In this study, testicular histopathology provided the most sensitive endpoint for reproductive toxicity. The impairment of fertility immediately after treatment was stopped, when no changes were apparent in sperm release or sperm motion, suggested that decreased sperm concentrations and altered motility, while contributory, may not be the primary causes of SASP-mediated infertility.
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PMID:Short-term male reproductive toxicity study with sulfasalazine in the rat. 757 17

Infertility is induced in male rats by oral administration of 400 mg ornidazole kg-1 body mass day-1 within 10 days, without drastic effect on the motility of epididymal spermatozoa obtained after 15 days of treatment. Spermatozoa were recovered from the female tract 9 h after mating with males treated with ornidazole for 10 days to identify the cause of infertility. The number and motility of spermatozoa in the uterus indicated normal seminal deposition. Spermatozoa could pass the utero-tubal junction but total numbers of spermatozoa and their velocities in the oviductal isthmus were significantly lower than those recovered from females mated to fertile, control males fed vehicle alone. However, the number of spermatozoa recovered from the ampulla was not different from control and the number of spermatozoa that had penetrated the cumulus mass was lower and none of the eggs was fertilized by spermatozoa from rats treated with ornidazole. The ability of cauda epididymal spermatozoa from ornidazole-fed rats to penetrate viscous media in vitro was lower than that of the controls. When incubated in media containing different concentrations of substrates and ions, a reduction in movement of spermatozoa was observed when glucose was the only exogenous substrate or after preincubation in substrate-free medium. These results indicate that the antifertility action of orally administered ornidazole occurs via damage to spermatozoa in the upper regions of the female tract, possibly reflecting a failure in capacitation as a result of reduced energy production.
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PMID:Effects of the male antifertility agent ornidazole on sperm function in vitro and in the female genital tract. 761 98

From July 1992 to May 1994, 31 cases of obstructive azoospermia-induced infertility underwent 35 epididymal sperm aspiration procedures and assisted reproductive techniques. These included in-vitro fertilization (IVF), zygote intra-Fallopian transfer (ZIFT), subzonal insemination (SUZI) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with embryo transfer or tubal embryos transfer. The motile spermatozoa were retrieved using a gauge 24 Medicut cannula and flush medium. Total oocyte fertilization rate was 23.4% and the clinical pregnancy rate was 12.5% (four out of 32 treatment cycles). Congenital absence of the vas deferens was found in 16 cases (51.6%) and secondary genital duct obstruction was present in 15 cases (48.4%). In all, 29 aspirations were retrieved from the caput of the epididymis and six from the epididymal body or tail. The fertilization rate for the caput spermatozoa was much less than that for other areas of the epididymis (P < 0.05). Though there were no predictable differences in fertilization rates between the congenital and acquired groups, by using epididymal spermatozoa for assisted reproduction, the congenital group seemed to have a stronger tendency to achieve pregnancy (20 versus 5.9%).
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PMID:Epididymal sperm aspiration with assisted reproductive techniques: difference between congenital and acquired obstructive azoospermia? 765 49

We report a case of infertility due to obstructive azoospermia determined by papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis. The 28-year-old patient had other signs of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome and died from neurological complications. The possibility of finding an epididymal neoplasm should be kept in mind in any case of azoospermia with epididymal enlargement.
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PMID:Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis as a cause of obstructive azoospermia. 785 41

Rat epididymal sperms were collected after 7 weeks of treatment with Tripterygium wilfordii monomers T4,T7,T15 and triptolide. Total nuclear basic protein (TNBP) were extracted from sperm nuclei isolated by sonication. The relative proportions of histones and protamine were determined by scanning microdensitometry following electrophoresis of TNBP in polyacrylamide gels. It was found that the content of TNBP was reduced while the total histone/protamine ratios were increased following treatment, indicating a marked decrease of protamine levels as compared with the control group. These results suggest that the interruption of nuclear protein transition of spermatids induced by T4,T7,T15 and triptolide might lead to infertility.
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PMID:[The effect of Tripterygium wilfordii monomers T4,T7,T15 and Triptolide on rat nuclear protein]. 795 62

Men with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) have been regarded as presenting a mild form of cystic fibrosis (CF). In this article, we report a case of male-factor infertility, in which both partners are carriers of the delta F508 mutation and the male partner has CBAVD. Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) was performed to obtain spermatozoa; intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was carried out on the oocytes since the motility of the spermatozoa was severely impaired; and embryo biopsy and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were carried out for preimplantation diagnosis of the CF delta F508 mutation. Single-blastomere analysis was performed and indicated that two embryos were affected (homozygous delta F508) and three embryos were carriers. After transfer of the latter three embryos, a singleton pregnancy was established. At amniocentesis, the delta F508 carrier status of the fetus with a 46, XY karyotype was confirmed. A healthy boy was born and the presence of vasa deferentia, bilaterally, was confirmed. The CF sweat test was also normal. Successful fertilization can be obtained by combination of MESA and ICSI in patients with CBAVD. Preimplantation diagnosis of CF is indicated. Pregnancy and birth of normal children can ensue in such patients.
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PMID:Birth after preimplantation diagnosis of the cystic fibrosis delta F508 mutation by polymerase chain reaction in human embryos resulting from intracytoplasmic sperm injection with epididymal sperm. 766 71


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