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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty patients with acute epididymitis were evaluated prospectively by history, examination, and microbiologic studies, including cultures for aerobes, anaerobes, N. gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum. E. Coli was the predominant pathogen isolated from the urine of men over 35 years old and C. trachomatis and N. gonnorrheae were the predominant pathogens isolated from the urethra of men under 35. The etiologic role of E. Coli and C. trachomatis was confirmed by isolation from epididymal aspirates from a high proportion of men with positive urine of urethral cultures for these agents. C. trachomatis epididymitis accounted for two thirds of "idiopathic epididymitis" in men, and was often associated with oligozoospermia. Of nine female sexual partners of men with C. trachomatis infection, six had antibody to C. trachomatis, of whom two had positive cervical cultures for this organism, and the others had nongonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease. Antibiotic therapy with tetracycline was effective for the treatment of men with C. trachomatis epididymitis, and should be offered to their female sex partner.
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PMID:Acute epididymitis: etiology and therapy. 11 99

Thirty-one patients with intrascrotal disease process have been studied with the Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter to determine if testicular torsion can be differentiated from acute epididymitis when clinical characteristics are ambivalent. In all instances of proved torsion there was a loss of blood flow in the involved testes, whereas in acute epididymitis or other epididymal and gonadal diseases blood flow ranged from normal to hyperemic.
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PMID:Diagnosis of testicular torsion using Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter. 12 78

There were 50 patients with acute epididymitis who were evaluated prospectively by history, examination and microbiologic studies, including cultures for aerobes, anaerobes, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen isolated from the urine of men more than 35 years old, while Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were the predominant pathogens isolated from the urethra of men less than 35 years old. The etiologic role of Escherichia coli and Chlamydia trachomatis was confirmed by isolation from epididymal aspirates from a high proportion of men with positive urine or urethral cultures for these agents. Chlamydia trachomatis epididymitis accounted for two-thirds of idiopathic epididymitis in young men and often was associated with oligospermia. Of 9 female sexual partners of men with Chlamydia trachomatis infection 6 had antibody to Chlamydia trachomatis, of whom 2 had positive cervical cultures for this organism and 2 others had non-gonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease. Antibiotic therapy with tetracycline was effective for the treatment of men with Chlamydia trachomatis epididymitis and should be offered to the female sex partners.
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PMID:Etiology, manifestations and therapy of acute epididymitis: prospective study of 50 cases. 37 66

Autologous or allogeneic spermatozoa in amounts of 10(8), 10(7), 10(6) or 10(5) incorporated in complete Freund's adjuvant were injected into hemiorchidectomized Hartley guinea-pigs. The course of autoimmune aspermatogenic orchi-epididymitis, delayed hypersensitivity and humoral responses to autologous and allogeneic spermatozoa and to spermatozoa autoantigens S, P and T (isolated from a large pool of spermatozoa) were investigated after 1,2,3 or 4 weeks of evolution. Testicular and epididymal lesions and the cellular and humoral responses to autoantigens S and T were nearly identical in autoimmunized and alloimmunized guinea-pigs; but the delayed hypersensitivity responses to whole spermatozoa was more frequent in alloimmunized than in autoimmunized guinea-pigs. This latter result might not be due to the addition of two responses on to autoantigens and one to alloantigens (both present in allogeneic spermatozoa) since the positive responses of the alloimmunized guinea-pigs to autologous spermatozoa compared to allogeneic were found more frequent. From the technical conditions of the experiments, especially due to the use of complete Freund's adjuvant, a helper effect originating in allotypic determinants on allogeneic spermatozoa seems an unlikely explanation. Autoimmunization or alloimmunization in incomplete Freund's adjuvant instead of complete adjuvant provoked a weak response. However, the antibody response to antigen S was significantly more frequent in alloimmunized than in autoimmunized animals; in this case allotypic determinants in autoantigen S responsible for a helper effect might be the cause.
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PMID:[Comparative study of immunopathogenic ability of autologous and allogeneic spermatozoa in Hartley guinea-pigs (author's transl)]. 43 85

Our brief experience of the use of ultrasonography and ultrasonic Doppler method for the diagnosis of intrascrotal contents were described. Five cases of testicular tumor, two cases of hydrocele and one case of epididymal tuberculosis were successfully diagnosed by ultrasonography. Only one case of chronic inflammation was misdiagnosed as a testicular tumor. Two cases of testicular torsion and two cases of acute epididymitis were easily differentiated by the ultrasonic Doppler method. We suggest that this is the most reliable technique for differentiation between these two diseases.
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PMID:Ultrasonic diagnosis of intrascrotal contents. 60 44

To assess the etiologic role of C. trachomatis and other microorganisms in idiopathic epididymitis, 23 men underwent microbiologic studies, including cultures of epididymal aspirates in 16. 11 of 13 men under age 35 had C. trachomatis infection whereas 8 of 10 over age 35 had coliform urinary tract infection. Cultures of epididymal aspirates yielded C. trachomatis alone in 5 of 6 men under 35, and coliform bacteria alone in 5 of 10 over 35. These results suggests that C. trachomatis is the major cause of idiopathic epididymitis, and coliform bacteria the major cause of epididymitis in older men. Expressible urethral discharge and inguinal pain were more common in the chlamydial cases, whereas concurrent genitourinary abnormality and scrotal edema and erythema occurred more commonly in the coliform cases. The morbidity attributable to C. trachomatis is as serious as that attributable to Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
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PMID:Chlamydia trachomatis as a cause of acute "idiopathic" epididymitis. 62 87

Ultrasonic study of testicular disease and paratesticular masses was carried out in 20 cases. In eight of these, comparison was made with pertechnetate perfusion studies performed concurrently. Testicular torsion was well revealed by both techniques. Acute orchitis, in the early stages, was shown more clearly by radiotracer, unless there was associated epididymal swelling or hydrocele. Chronic complications of inflammation, particularly abscess formation, were seen best by ultrasonography. Paratesticular masses could be studied only by ultrasound. These included both solid and cystic masses due to chronic epididymitis.
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PMID:Ultrasonography of the testis--correlation with radiotracer perfusion. 66 Feb 74

Between 250,000 and 300,000 US men undergo vasectomy each year. The Association for Voluntary Surgical Contraception has performed almost 400,000 vasectomies worldwide since 1982. 2 hospital-based case control studies indicate a 1.7-5 fold increased risk of prostate cancer in vasectomized patients, but other studies do not find this association. Besides, there is no biologic basis for such an association. A theoretical relationship does exist between testicular cancer and vasectomy, however, since testicular biopsy studies reveal abnormalities, perhaps secondary to back pressure. No epidemiologic studies have yet found such a link, though. In China, some 8 million men have undergone the no-scalpel vasectomy developed in the 1970s. This technique has fewer complications than the traditional technique (e.g., a hematoma rate of only .08%). Indeed, hematomas are the most common complication. Other complications include epididymitis, congested epididymis, and sperm granuloma. The open-ended vasectomy (proximal testicular end of vas left open and closure of the distal end) reduces postoperative testicular and epididymal discomfort and increases the likelihood of vas reversal (1 surgeon reports a success rate of 100%). Regardless of the vasectomy technique, vas reanastomosis is more likely to be successful if performed within 5 years after the vasectomy (e.g., 1 study reported a pregnancy rate of 52% for reanastomosis within 5 years vs. 30% for 5 years; p .02). Physicians recommend a postvasectomy semen analysis after 20 ejaculations to determine if azoospermia has been achieved. If not, another analysis is needed after 10 more postvasectomy ejaculations. If motile sperm still exist, the vasectomy has failed. Yet, many men (36-45% in the US) do not return for analysis. Return visits are often difficult, impractical, and embarrassing for men, so physicians should suggest patients use condoms until after they have achieved a predetermined number of ejaculations to ensure protection against pregnancy.
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PMID:Male sterilization. 132 23

We reviewed the scrotal sonograms of 31 patients who had a testicular mass consisting of multiple small spherical or tubular anechoic structures in the region of the mediastinum testis. The median age of the patients was 62 years (range, 31-76 years). The abnormality was unilateral in 22 patients and bilateral in nine. Thirty-four (85%) of the 40 involved testicles had coexisting epididymal abnormalities: 32 with epididymal cysts and two with epididymitis. Follow-up sonograms were available in five patients and showed no change up to 4.5 years after the initial diagnosis. Surgical and histologic findings were available in one other patient and showed dilatation of the rete testis. The sonographic appearance and location of the lesions, the frequent presence of an epididymal abnormality, and the surgical and histologic findings in one case suggest that the lesion is due to dilatation of the rete testis, probably associated with obstruction in the epididymis. Recognition of this entity on sonograms may prevent unnecessary orchiectomy.
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PMID:Cystic testicular mass caused by dilated rete testis: sonographic findings in 31 cases. 159 Jan 18

Cytomegalovirus infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. The disease is usually systemic in expression although localized infection can occur, particularly in the lung, liver, retina and gastrointestinal tract. We report a case of cytomegalovirus epididymitis with limited systemic manifestations occurring 2 months after renal transplantation in a patient immunosuppressed with azathioprine, prednisone and cyclosporine. Diagnosis was confirmed by observation of typical cytopathic changes in epididymal cells. Clinical resolution occurred with epididymo-orchiectomy and 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-proproxymethyl)guanine therapy. To our knowledge this presentation has not been described previously in the transplant literature and it is extremely rare in other forms of inherited or acquired immune deficiency.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus epididymitis following renal transplantation. 164 26


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