Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In epididymal adipose tissue from rats, human serum antagonizes inhibition of basal lipolysis by nicotinic acid in vitro. Under similar conditions caffeine-stimulated lipolysis was unaffected by the presence of human serum. Very low density (VLDL), low density (LDL) and high density (HDL) lipoproteins were all found to antagonize the action of nicotinic acid on basal lipolysis. VLDL also antagonized prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-inhibition of basal lipolysis in vitro. The fat cell membrane was suggested as the site at which human serum lipoproteins antagonize nicotinic acid or PGE1 antilipolytic action on basal lipolysis in vitro.
Atherosclerosis 1976 Oct
PMID:Modification of nicotinic acid and prostaglandin E1 antilipolytic action in vitro. 18 78

The effects of diet on tissue cholesterol disposition in the rat were studied. Growing rats were fed a nonfat dry milk supplemented with two levels of soy-bean oil (SBO) and tallow (T) such that either 30% or 50% of total dietary calories came from fat. Two of four groups of rats fed the diets with 50% of calories from fat were supplemented with 20% ground whole oats. Considering all diets, rats fed SBO had higher blood and kidney cholesterol than did rats fed T; supplementation of the diet with oats increased the plasma cholesterol of the "50%" SBO rats and , conversely, decreased plasma cholesterol of the "50%" T rats. Muscle cholesterol content was not affected by variations in dietary fat and oats. In all treatments, cholesterol concentration of epididymal fat and liver were greater in the SBO-fed than in the T-fed rats.
Atherosclerosis 1977 May
PMID:Type and amount of dietary fat affect relative concentration of cholesterol in blood and other tissues of rats. 55 68

The ontogenic development of lipoprotein lipase and liver triglyceride hydrolase was studied in the rat. The enzyme activity measured in extrahepatic tissues fulfilled the criteria of lipoprotein lipase from the onset of measurable activity, i.e. it was inhibited by protamine and 1 M NaCl and showed requirement for serum and heparin for optimal activity. In the liver, measurable amounts of triglyceride hydrolase, active at pH 8.6 were detected 6 days prior to birth. However, till the fourth postnatal day about 50% of this activity was inhibited by NaCl and its sensitivity towards protamine was also higher than that of the enzyme in adult liver. Three patterns of development of enzymic activity were observed in extrahepatic tissues. In the lung, the lipoprotein activity reached the adult values one day prior to birth, while in the kidney only 30% of adult activity were found at birth. A linear increase of enzyme activity was observed in the heart; only 25% of adult activity were detected at birth and 100% were reached only 20 days after birth. The increase in lipoprotein lipase activity in the heart was accompanied by morphological differentiation of cardiocytes and by a progressive development of the capillary bed, which might be related to the pattern of development of enzyme activity in this organ. Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in inguinal fat fell from values 15 times than adult values between the 4th and 40th postnatal days. The enzyme activity in epididymal fat increased steeply between day 10 and 40, at which time it exceeded the adult values very considerably. These findings indicate that the regulation of the development of lipoprotein lipase activity in extrahepatic tissues is governed by local factors, which can differ even in the same type of tissue, as exemplified by the difference between inguinal and epididymal fat.
Atherosclerosis 1977 Apr
PMID:Pre- and post-natal development of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride hydrolase activity in rat tissues. 85 10

Data regarding the efficacy of vasectomy are limited, but the procedure appears to be highly effective. Efficacy may vary by the method of vas occlusion. Death attributable to vasectomy in the United States is exceedingly rare, and major perioperative morbidity is quite uncommon. No long-term adverse health effects have been documented, and much evidence supports the conclusion that vasectomy does not increase the risk of subsequent atherosclerosis. Vasectomy, like tubal sterilization, should be considered a permanent decision, because reversal surgery is expensive and requires substantial surgical expertise. Although vasectomy reversal is often successful, it cannot be guaranteed even in the best of circumstances, and when the vasectomy has caused epididymal obstruction, reversal is often unsuccessful. Vasectomy represents a safe and effective alternative to tubal sterilization for couples who decide that the male should be sterilized.
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PMID:Vasectomy: an appraisal for the obstetrician-gynecologist. 219 76

The long-term effects of clofibric acid (200 mg/kg body weight) injected subcutaneously from 6-36 weeks of age were assessed in obese, hyperlipemic Zucker rats. At 18 and 36 weeks of age, treated rats had significantly lower fasted serum cholesterol levels but triacylglycerol levels were not affected. Rats were killed at 36 weeks of age at which time there were no differences in body and kidney weights between control and clofibric acid-treated rats. Liver, spleen and heart weights were lowered by clofibric acid treatment. In liver there was an elevation of lipid/g due to treatment but there were no effects on cholesterol/g or on either total liver lipid or cholesterol levels. In the epididymal fat pad of clofibric acid-treated rats, there was a 21% elevation of cholesterol level on a per pad basis. In the other organs, there were no effects of treatment on lipid or cholesterol levels except for lowered total cholesterol in kidney. Several liver lipogenic enzymes were lowered by treatment but malic enzyme was two times higher.
Atherosclerosis 1987 Jul
PMID:Effect of long-term clofibric acid treatment on serum and tissue lipid and cholesterol levels in obese Zucker rats. 363 41

To test the effects of trans unsaturated fatty acids (t-FA) on atherosclerosis, lipidemia and enzyme activities, rabbits were fed a semipurified, cholesterol-free diet containing 40% sucrose, 25% casein and 14% fat for 5 months. Two experimental diets provided either 6% (high) or 3.2% (low) t-FA. The control group was fed a fat of composition similar to the two experimental diets but free of t-FA. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides were elevated in the rabbits fed 6% t-FA. Liver glycerides were also elevated in this group. The fatty acids of plasma, erythrocytes, epididymal fat, liver microsomes and liver mitochondria reflected the dietary composition. Levels of aortic atherosclerosis were identical in the three groups. There were no significant differences in activity of five hepatic enzymes: glucose-6-phosphatase (microsomal), fatty acid synthetase (cytosolic), malate dehydrogenase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase (mitochondrial).
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PMID:Influence of trans unsaturated fats on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. 683 52

The effect of AY-25,712 [2-methyl-2-phenyl-3(2H)-furanone-5-carboxylic acid] on various aspects of free fatty acid (FFA) and triglyceride metabolism was studied in male rats. Serum triglycerides were lowered by a single oral dose of AY-25,712 or nicotinic acid, but not of clofibrate. Unlike with clofibrate, when AY-25,712 or nicotinic acid was given in the diet, serum triglycerides were not affected. In vitro, both AY-25,712 and nicotinic acid suppressed the theophylline-induced FFA release by epididymal fat pads, but had no effect on lipolysis induced by norepinephrine. Both AY-25,712 and nicotinic acid enhanced the activity of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase. The initial decrease in plasma FFA and triglycerides, and in liver triglycerides after a single oral dose of nicotinic acid was followed by a rebound to levels which, at later time intervals, wee significantly higher than in controls. AY-25,712 was more potent than nicotinic acid in lowering plasma FFA and triglycerides as well as liver triglycerides, but produced no such rebound effect. The data show that, except for the absence of this rebound effect, the mode of action of AY-25,712 in rats resembles that of nicotinic acid and differs from that of clofibrate.
Atherosclerosis 1982 Dec
PMID:Effect of AY-25,712 on fatty acid metabolism in rats. 715 99

We have discovered a novel compound, NO-1886, which possesses a powerful lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity-increasing action. Administration of NO-1886 increased LPL activity in the postheparin plasma, adipose tissue, and myocardium of rats, and produced a reduction in plasma triglyceride levels with concomitant elevation of HDL cholesterol levels. Administration of NO-1886 increased LPL enzyme mass in postheparin plasma and mRNA activity in epididymal adipose tissue, and it was concluded that the mode of action of this compound is stimulation of tissue LPL synthesis. We also conducted long-term studies to assess the impact of increases in LPL activity and HDL levels on the development of atherosclerotic lesions in rats. Administration of NO-1886 for as long as 90 d significantly decreased the degree of atherosclerotic changes in the coronary arteries of vitamin D2-treated, cholesterol-fed rats. Statistical analysis indicated that increased concentration of HDL is the factor contributing mostly to the prevention of coronary artery sclerosis. In summary, the results of our study indicate that compound NO-1886 increases LPL activity, causing an elevation in HDL levels, and that long-term administration of NO-1886 to rats with experimental atherosclerosis provides significant protection against the development of coronary artery lesions.
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PMID:The novel compound NO-1886 increases lipoprotein lipase activity with resulting elevation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and long-term administration inhibits atherogenesis in the coronary arteries of rats with experimental atherosclerosis. 832 9

The effect of ephedrine (E) and theophylline (T), administered alone and in combination (E/T), on weight loss, resting energy expenditure and post-heparin lipoprotein lipase activity in plasma (PHLA) and in adipose tissue (ATLP) were investigated in obese over-fed rats, who had been diet restricted (-40% of normal caloric intake) for three weeks. E, T and E/T significantly increased weight loss in all experimental groups as compared to the controls. Weight loss was achieved not only by preventing the adaptive fall in resting energy expenditure associated with diet restriction, but by raising it above basal level. The effect of E/T mixture was no greater than that of E or T alone. E, T and E/T administration increased PHLA in plasma while hypocaloric diet alone did not influence the activity of the enzyme. ATLP in the epididymal fat pads decreased insignificantly in all experimental groups, as well as in the controls. Serum cholesterol levels were not influenced by hypocaloric diet and by drug administration, but serum triglycerides increased significantly in E, T and E/T treated groups. The elevation of PHLA after ephedrine and/or theophylline administration was mostly due to an increase in the hepatic lipase (HL) level. This enzyme contributes to the removal of the atherogenic intermediate density lipoproteins from blood serum. The increased HL activity in drug-treated, diet-restricted obese rats may therefore play a role in the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Effect of ephedrine and theophylline on weight loss, resting energy expenditure and lipoprotein lipase activity in obese over-fed rats. 839

Vasectomy has been recognized as a simple and highly effective contraceptive method. In order to recommend further research on vasectomy, researchers conducted a systematic review of the literature on the safety and effectiveness of vasectomy between 1964 and 1998. Early failure rates are 1%; however, effectiveness and complications vary with experience of surgeons and surgical technique. Early complications, which include hematoma, infection, sperm granulomas, epididymitis-orchitis, and congestive epididymitis, occur in 1-6% of men undergoing vasectomy. Incidence of epididymal pain is poorly documented. Animal and human data suggest that vasectomy does not increase atherosclerosis and that increases in circulating immune complexes following vasectomy are transient. The weight of the evidence regarding prostate and testicular cancer suggests that men with vasectomy are not at increased risk of these diseases. The findings indicate that publications to date continue to support the conclusion that vasectomy is a highly effective form of contraception. Future research should include evaluations of the long-term effectiveness of this method, evaluating criteria for post-vasectomy discontinuation of alternative contraception for use in settings where semen analysis is not practical, and characterizing complications including chronic epididymal pain.
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PMID:Safety and effectiveness of vasectomy. 1126 66


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