Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P56851 (epididymal)
 11,273 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A DES (diethylstilbestrol) Task Force formed in February by the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, examined the health effects of DES in pregnancy. This report is an outline of the Task Force's recommendations. Physicians should advise women to whom they prescribe the drugs of their exposure and of the need for follow-up medical care for themselves and their offspring. Physicians are also to provide patients inquiring of possible past DES exposure, complete and accurate information whenever possible, and such information should be provided free of charge. The incidence of clear cell adenocarcinoma for DES-exposed daughters is between 1.4/100 to 1.4/10,000. Periodic examination, rather than active therapeutic intervention (e.g., surgery) is recommended for patients with adenosis. For asymptomatic DES daughters, periodic screening examinations should start at age 14 or at menarche; vaginal bleeding/discharge should be promptly evaluated. Hystersosalpingography should not be used as a routine screening procedure in DES daughters but should be reserved for cases of repeated pregnancy loss or infertility. Asymptomatic DES mothers should have routine screening (e.g., annual pelvic exam including bimanual palpation and Pap smear; breast exam) appropriate for women with no prior estrogen exposure. DES exposed males have been known to have: 1) history of cryptochirdism; 2) hypoplastic testes; 3) epididymal cysts; and, 4) sperm abnormalities (low sperm counts, decreased motility). DES males should have physical examination, appropriate medical follow-up or corrective measures, as the case may be. Use of DES postcoital contraception should be limited to situations where the fully informed patient or her physician deems that there is no alternative. For more information, contact the Office of Cancer Communications, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20014.
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PMID:Physician advisory: health effects of the pregnancy use of diethylstilbestrol. 3 20

The effect of cancer cachexia on the oxidative metabolism of lipids has been studied in mice transplanted either with the MAC16 adenocarcinoma, which induces profound loss of body weight and depletion of lipid stores, or the MAC13 adenocarcinoma, which is the same histological type, but which grows without an effect on host body weight or lipid stores. While oxidation of D-[U-14C]glucose did not differ between animals bearing tumours of either type and non-tumour bearing controls, oxidation of [1-14C]triolein administered by intragastric intubation was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in animals bearing the MAC16 tumour than in either non tumour-bearing controls or in animals bearing the MAC13 tumour. Intestinal absorption of [14C]lipid was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced in animals bearing the MAC13 tumour when compared with either non tumour-bearing animals or MAC16 tumour-bearing animals, but was not significantly different in the latter two groups. The level of labelled lipids in heart and adipose tissue after an oral [14C]lipid load was significantly lower in animals bearing the MAC16 tumour compared with the other two groups. The level of tumour lipids was also higher in the MAC16 than in the MAC13 tumour after both an oral [14C]lipid load or by direct injection of [U-14C]palmitate complexed to albumin into epididymal fat pads. Oxidation of [U-14C]palmitate was also significantly enhanced in liver and heart homogenates from animals bearing the MAC16 tumour. These results suggest that in cachectic tumour-bearing animals mobilisation of body lipids is accompanied by an increased utilisation.
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PMID:Lipid metabolism in cancer cachexia. 163 77

Although animals bearing the MAC16 colon adenocarcinoma showed progressive weight loss, the average food consumption (15.1 +/- 0.6 Kcal day-1) did not differ from non tumour-bearing controls (15.3 +/- 0.3 Kcal day-1), while animals bearing a related colon adenocarcinoma, MAC13, which had no effect on body weight had a significantly (P less than 0.01) elevated food intake (16.4 +/- 0.3 Kcal day-1) above controls. Weight loss in animals bearing the MAC16 tumour was associated with a significant reduction in the percentage contribution of the kidneys, colon and epididymal fat pads to the total body weight. Although loss of body fat occurred only in the MAC16 model, both tumours were capable of synthesising lipids from glucose both in vitro and in vivo at the same rate. In addition both tumours increased the rate of lipogenesis from glucose in kidney, liver and epididymal fat pads of the host. Lipogenesis from glucose would be expected to result in a loss of utilisable carbohydrate energy and thus would be expected to increase the overall energy requirements in the tumour-bearing state leading to catabolism of host body tissues if the energy intake is not increased.
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PMID:Lipogenesis in tumour and host tissues in mice bearing colonic adenocarcinomas. 167 76

A case of epididymal metastasis from prostatic carcinoma is presented. The initial histologic findings were suggestive of adenomatoid tumor, but a diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma of prostatic origin has been established by prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen immunoperoxidase staining.
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PMID:Epididymal metastasis from prostatic adenocarcinoma mimicking adenomatoid tumor. 170 Oct 66

Culture media conditioned by several hepatocyte derived cell lines were analyzed for their ability to stimulate adipose differentiation of the adipogenic cell line 1246. The results presented here show that culture media from HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines contain a high level of the activity, whereas media from hepatoma and hepato adenocarcinoma cell lines Huh-7, PLC/PRF/5, and SK-Hep-1 do not contain adipogenic activity. Conditioned medium from HepG2 cells also stimulated differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and of rat epididymal adipocyte precursors in primary culture. Partial biochemical characterization of the adipogenic activity carried out using HepG2 conditioned medium indicates that the hepatocyte derived adipogenic factor has an apparent molecular weight between 445 and 232 kDa, is destroyed by treatment at 100 degrees C, with protease, with 2-mercaptoethanol and in acidic conditions. The activity is stable at alkaline pH. Culture media conditioned by normal rat hepatocytes in primary culture also contained adipogenic activity. In contrast, medium conditioned by primary culture of nonhepatocyte cell also isolated from liver was deprived of this activity. The data presented in this paper suggest that hepatocytes could be a physiological site of production of adipogenic activity.
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PMID:Adipogenic activity produced by hepatocyte-derived cell lines and by normal hepatocytes in primary culture. 174 24

Six monoclonal antibodies directed against ovarian adenocarcinoma were generated by use of 100,000 x g supernatants of Triton-X-100 solubilized extracts of ovarian serous adenocarcinoma as the antigen source. Immunoperoxidase preparation of frozen-sections and routinely processed paraffin section specimens revealed a highly restricted reactivity of these antibodies when tested with adult (n = 2) and fetal (n = 3) tissue types. Coreactivities were occasionally observed with epithelia of the kidney, mammary gland, and pancreas. One monoclonal antibody, Ki-OC I-6-2, cross-reacted only with epididymal epithelia. No coreaction occurred with normal tissue of the ovary, Fallopian tube, or uterus. All antibodies were additionally tested on 74 cases of nonovarian malignancies, 15 cases of ovarian metastases of nonovarian carcinomas, and 114 specimens of ovarian neoplasms other than carcinomas. Ki-OC I-6-2 had no cross-reactivity with these tumors except for one case of renal cell carcinoma. This monoclonal antibody recognized serous, mucinous, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cell types. None of the six antibodies reacted with clear cell or endometrioid carcinoma. All were found to be of the IgG-1 subclass. The tumor antigen to which Ki-OC I-6-2 immunoreacted was estimated to have a molecular weight of 80 kilodaltons (KD).
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PMID:Six new monoclonal antibodies to serous, mucinous, and poorly differentiated ovarian adenocarcinomas. 217 66

Treatment of pregnant women with diethylstilbestrol (DES) is associated with the subsequent development of reproductive tract abnormalities such as epididymal cysts, retained hypotrophic testes and sperm abnormalities in their male offspring. It recently has been suggested that prenatal DES exposure is associated with development of testicular seminoma in humans. Studies of in utero exposure of laboratory animals to DES are few, but previous reports from our laboratory have described several abnormalities in the reproductive tract of the mouse following prenatal DES exposure. To study the possible association of testicular tumors and prenatal DES exposure in mice, pregnant outbred CD-1 mice were injected subcutaneously with daily doses of DES (100 micrograms./kg.) on days nine through 16 of gestation. DES-exposed and age-matched control male mice were sacrificed at 10 to 18 months of age and examined for testicular lesions. In addition to the nonmalignant abnormalities reported in previous studies such as 91% cryptorchidism and degenerative changes, interstitial cell tumors were observed in nine mice among 277 mice treated prenatally with DES. Two of these lesions were benign tumors and five were interstitial cell carcinomas. Rete testis adenocarcinoma was seen also in 5% of these DES-treated animals and is described in another report. The overall incidence of testicular tumors is 8% in DES-exposed male mice. No comparable lesions were seen in 122 control male mice. These results suggest that the testicular lesions that can occur following prenatal DES exposure include neoplasia. The combined prevalence of DES-induced tumors of the corpus testis and rete testis in mice suggests the male offspring may be more at risk for developing carcinoma of the reproductive tract than the female offspring.
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PMID:Testicular tumors in mice exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol. 368 76

Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero is associated with adverse effects on the reproductive tract in male and female progeny. These effects include epididymal cysts, microphallus, cryptorchidism, and testicular hypoplasia in male subjects and adenosis, clear cell adenocarcinoma, and structural defects of the cervix, vagina, uterus, and fallopian tubes in female subjects. As these offspring have reached reproductive age, reports of adverse reproductive performance have been published, including still controversial reports of menstrual dysfunction and infertility. More well established are increased rates of spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, premature deliveries, and perinatal deaths, all contributing to an increase in overall adverse pregnancy outcome. Often there is correlation between the DES-associated anatomic abnormalities in the reproductive tract and the adverse reproductive performance. Altered male reproductive capacity is also suggested by diminished semen analyses and sperm penetration assays. A detailed review of these effects of in utero DES exposure is presented.
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PMID:In utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol: adverse effects on the reproductive tract and reproductive performance and male and female offspring. 612 86

The sequential changes in lipid metabolism during tumor growth were evaluated in inbred Lewis rats bearing a mammary adenocarcinoma (AC33). Serum lipids, insulin, glucagon, and liver and adipose tissue lipogenic enzymes were measured in tumor-bearing and control rats after 6, 12, 18, 24, and 32 days of tumor growth. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in heart, soleus muscle, and epididymal fat pads was also determined. On the sixth day, the activity of LPL was reduced in the adipose tissue and remained lower throughout the duration of the experiment. Serum triglycerides were elevated from the 12th day followed by an increase in free fatty acid levels from the 18th day of tumor growth. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in serum insulin levels in the tumor-bearing rats from Day 12. The presence of the tumor also decreased the activities of some of the lipogenic enzymes in liver and adipose tissue, but these changes occurred at the later time points. On the 24th day, a decrease in fat pad weights was found and characterized by a decrease in fat cell size but not in fat cell number. These results suggest that a defect in clearance, due to the decrease in the activity of adipose tissue LPL, may be responsible for the early development of hypertriglyceridemia during tumor growth. In this study, the alterations in the lipogenic enzymes and LPL cannot be attributed to reduced food intake but may be due to the direct or an indirect effect of the tumor on a hormone such as insulin.
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PMID:Sequential changes in the activities of lipoprotein lipase and lipogenic enzymes during tumor growth in rats. 638 47

An 82 year old man with a unilateral epididymal mass was found, on histopathologic examination of a surgically removed specimen, to have a primary papillary adenocarcinoma of a clear cell variant which mimicked renal cell carcinoma. Repeated imaging studies confirmed the absence of renal cell carcinoma. Because the present case had great similarities in histologic appearance and anatomical location to papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis, it may be a malignant counterpart of the latter type of tumor.
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PMID:Papillary adenocarcinoma of the epididymis. 837 88


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