Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P52742 (pT3)
 1,034 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Expression of the MAGE genes encoding tumor-rejection antigens on HLA-A1 and -Cw1601 recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes was investigated in esophageal carcinomas at the mRNA level by the semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. MAGE-1 and -2 genes, but not MAGE-3, -3/-6 and -4a/-4b genes, were expressed in substantial proportions of the primary esophageal carcinomas and their metastatic lymph nodes. The proportion of MAGE-positive samples in the primary esophageal carcinomas correlated with the T factor of the TNM classification (pT1: 2 of 12 tumors, pT2: 1 of 6, pT3: 12 of 29, and pT4: 7 of 18). These results have important implications for specific immunotherapy of esophageal carcinomas using MAGE-1 gene product.
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PMID:Expression of MAGE-1 gene by esophageal carcinomas. 755 92

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play a pivotal role in the mitogenic signal transduction pathway and are essential components of the MAPK cascade, which includes MEK (also known as MAP kinase kinase), Raf-1, and Ras. In this study, we examined whether constitutive activation of the MAPK cascade was associated with the carcinogenesis of human renal cell carcinomas in a series of 25 tumors and in corresponding normal kidneys. Constitutive activation of MAPKs in tumor tissue, as determined by the appearance of phosphorylated forms, was found in 12 cases (48%), and this activation was confirmed by a direct in vitro kinase assay of immunoprecipitate using myelin basic protein as the substrate. The phosphorylation of MEK and of Raf-1, as monitored by a mobility shift in SDS-PAGE, which is reportedly associated with the activation of these kinases, occurred in 9 of 18 cases (50%) and in 6 of 11 cases (55%) respectively. The activation of MAPKs was correlated with MEK activation (P = 0.0045) and with Raf-1 activation (P = 0.067). Furthermore, overexpression of MEK was found in 13 of 25 cases (52%) by Western blot analysis, and this overexpression was associated significantly with MAPK activation (P = 0.034). No mutations were noted in H-,K-, or N-ras genes by PCR direct sequencing in any of the 25 tumor samples. Of the patients studied, 8 of 18 (44%) stage pT2 patients and four of six (67%) stage pT3 patients showed MAPK activation. The single stage pT1 patient did not evidence MAPK activation. Furthermore, one of seven (14%) grade 1 patients, 9 of 13 (69%) grade 2 patients, and two of five (40%) grade 3 patients showed MAPK activation (grade 1 versus grades 2 and 3, P = 0.046). Our results suggest that constitutive activation of MAPKs may be associated with the carcinogenesis of human RCCs.
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PMID:Constitutive activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in human renal cell carcinoma. 766 95

Presentation of clinico-pathological correlation in a series of patients with bladder carcinoma. All of them had a complete pathological and clinical staging following TNM guidelines (UICC 1987). Clinical evaluation consisted of a clinical examination, urography and/or ultrasound, cystoscopy, bimanual palpation under anaesthesia and biopsy. As an option, pelvic CAT, MRI and a bone scan were performed. In all cases a reliable pathological staging was obtained, either from cystectomy or complete TUR. Overall, there is a 66% clinico-pathological correlation (60% for Ta category, 78% for T1, 25% for T2, 57% for T3, and 74% for T4). There is a global error of 34% (40% of cases clinically considered Ta were invasive, 16% T1 were pT2 or more, 42% T2 were pT3 or more, and 10% T3 were pT4; while 6% of those considered T1 were pTa, 33% of T2 were pTa or pT1, 33% of T3 were pT2 or less, and 26% of T4 were pT3 or less). We therefore conclude that when T is lower the risk of being clinically understaged is greater, while higher T values increase the risk of clinical overstaging. From a practical point of view, the most severe errors are in the understaging of T2 and T3 (pT3-pT4) tumours and the overstaging of T2 (pT1) tumours. When cystectomy is performed, the risk of understaging is greater for tumours interpreted as T2-T3 while the risk of overstaging T4 tumours is lower. We conclude that, even when adequate staging of bladder cancer is attempted, pre-treatment tumour classification using the diagnostic methods currently available is far from satisfactory.
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PMID:[Staging error in bladder carcinoma: anatomo-clinical correlation]. 771 56

The prognostic influence of blood-vessel invasion (BVI), lymphatic-vessel invasion (LVI) and neural invasion (NI) was evaluated retrospectively in a series of 161 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus who underwent esophageal resection. Evidence of BVI, LVI and NI was found in 32.9%, 48.5% and 26.1%, respectively. Incidence of BVI, LVI and NI was significantly higher in high pT categories (pT3 and pT4) than in low pT categories (pT1 and pT2) and in patients with distant metastases than in patients without distant metastases. Incidence of LVI and NI in lymph-node-positive patients was significantly higher than in lymph-node-negative patients. The 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in patients with BVI or LVI than in patients without BVI or LVI. Patients with evidence of NI showed no significant differences in 5-year survival from patients without evidence of NI. By stepwise multivariate Cox regression analysis, BVI and LVI were shown to be independent prognostic factors. A search for vascular invasion may therefore provide additional prognostic precision in SCC of the esophagus.
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PMID:Incidence and prognostic significance of vascular and neural invasion in squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus. 772 44

The expression of the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) has been analyzed in renal, bladder, and pharyngeal carcinomas, multiple myeloma (MM), and skin melanocytic lesions to clarify their role in tumor detection and prognosis. Sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsies were stained with the method of Ploton; the mean AgNOR number per nucleus (AgNOR count) and their distribution (configuration) were assessed examining 100 neoplastic cells. AgNOR counts and histologic grade were highly associated in bladder urotheliomas (6.01 for grade 1 [G1], 7.69 for G2, 13.35 for G3; p < 0.00001) and MM (3.18 for G1, 4.36 for G2, 6.13 for G3; p < 0.0001); they were not associated in renal cell carcinomas (5.35 for G1, 5.92 for G2, 7.99 for G3; p = 0.132) and pharyngeal carcinomas (11.1 for G2, 10.27 for G3; p = 0.08). AgNOR number was also related to the degree of malignancy in melanocytic lesions (2.93 for common blue nevus, 2.89 for benign nevus [BN], 3.69 for cellular blue nevus [CBN], 7.71 for malignant melanoma, and 8.33 for malignant cellular blue nevus [MCBN]; p < 0.00001). Association between AgNOR counts and pathologic stage was found in bladder carcinomas (6.43 for pTa, 10.19 for pT1, 12.57 for pT2-4; p < 0.00001) and MM (3.06 for cases with percentage of bone marrow plasma cells [BMPC%] < or = 20, 4.28 for BMPC% 21 to 50, 5.14 for BMPC% > 50; p < 0.0001]; no correlation was found in pharyngeal (11.18 for T1, 10.08 for T2, 10.68 for T3, 11.47 for T4; p = 0.18) or renal cell carcinomas (6.06 for pT2, 6.31 for pT3; p = 0.78). Few, large and grouped AgNORs were found in well-differentiated bladder carcinomas, MM, and benign melanocytic lesions; numerous, small and dispersed AgNORs were seen in poorly differentiated bladder, renal and pharyngeal carcinomas, MM and malignant melanocytic lesions. Significant association with prognosis was found in pharyngeal carcinomas (5-year survival: 68% for cases with < or = 10.31 AgNOR/cell, 20% for cases with > 10.31 AgNORs) and MM (5-year survival: 46% for cases with < or = 4.62 AgNOR/cell, 7% for cases with > 4.62 AgNORs; in MM the configuration too was related to prognosis: median of survival 72 months for tightly grouped, 16 for partially grouped, and 11 for dispersed AgNORs). Our results indicate that AgNOR number and configuration are useful in detection and prognosis of some neoplasias. They permit a rapid evaluation of morphology and tumor cell kinetics even on small biopsies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Role of the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in tumor detection and prognosis. 775 Jan 18

Cathepsin D is a widely expressed aspartyl lysosomal protease. Clinical studies in several tumor types have shown a strong correlation between cathepsin D expression and tumor progression. In breast carcinoma, its expression is an independent prognostic factor associated with an increased risk of death. However, there have been no studies evaluating cathepsin D in bladder tumors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the pattern of expression of cathepsin D in a large series of bladder carcinomas and assess its role as a prognostic factor against established variables. The tumors from 105 patients (median age 73) (median follow-up 26 months) with transitional cell carcinoma of bladder were examined. Forty-nine patients had superficial tumors (16 pTa; 33 pT1), 56 had invasive tumors (14 pT2; 42 pT3); there were 35 grade 1/2 tumors and 70 grade 3 tumors. These were stained by a standard immunohistochemical technique with an anti-cathepsin D monoclonal antibody. All 4 normal bladder specimens were positive for cathepsin D. Fifty-four tumors (51%) were positive for cathepsin D and 51 (49%) were negative. Chi square analysis showed a significant positive relationship between negative cathepsin D expression and stage (p < 0.0005), grade (p < 0.0001) and tumor morphology (p = 0.001). There was no relationship between cathepsin D expression and tumor ploidy (p > 0.1) or patient age (p = 0.09). Univariate analysis of disease-free and overall survival showed that negative cathepsin D expression (p = 0.01 and p = 0.0003 respectively), stage (p = 0.004 and p < 0.005 respectively) and grade (p = 0.02 and p = 0.0007 respectively) were associated with significantly worse prognosis. However, in a multivariate analysis of age, stage, grade and cathepsin D expression, only stage remained significant for overall survival (p < 0.005). The observed result for cathepsin D in the univariate analysis is probably due to its strong association with grade and stage. Nevertheless, cathepsin D status was able to provide additional prognostic information for overall survival in invasive tumors when stratifying for grade (p = 0.047), which suggests that it might provide additional prognostic data within particular tumor stages.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical and prognostic evaluation of cathepsin D expression in 105 bladder carcinomas. 777 37

Thirty five patients with renal pelvic and ureteral tumors were treated at our hospital between 1979 and December 1992. Thirty patients were male and five were female. They ranged in age from 44 to 80 years old (average 67.4 years). The most frequent symptoms were hematuria that was found in 31 cases (24 gross hematuria and 7 microscopic hematuria). Histopathologically, there were 30 transitional cell carcinomas (TCC), 1 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 2 TCC > SCC and 1 papillary adenocarcinoma. As to staging, 1 was pTis, 5pTa, 11pT1, 3pT2, 11pT3 and 4pT4. As to grading, 9 were G1, 16 G2 and 9 G3. The incidence of cancerous vessel invasion was noted in 8 of the 29 patients. The 5-year survival rate (Kaplan-Meier's method) was 44.9% for all of the patients. The 5-year survival rate according to staging and according to grading were as follows: 76.7% for low stage (pTis, pTa, pT1, pT2), 24.9% for high stage (pT3, pT4), and 83.3% for G1, 59.9% for G2 and 0% for G3. The 5-year survival rate was 20.8% and 68.7% in the patients with and without vessel invasion, respectively. Grade, stage and cancerous vessel invasion was suggested to be associated with the prognosis in renal pelvic and ureteral tumors.
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PMID:[Clinical study on renal pelvic and ureteral tumors]. 780 38

From August 1st 1989 to May 1st 1993, 190 rectal adenomas and 75 carcinomas were locally excised with the TEM technique. The mortality was 0.4%, the rate of complications which required surgical re-intervention was 3% in adenomas and 8% in carcinomas. The final histology of the removed carcinomas revealed 44 pT1, 23 pT2 and eight pT3 stages. In two of the eight re-resected patients with pT1 low-risk tumours, residual primary tumour but no lymph node metastases were found. In contrast to this, three of the eleven re-resected patients with pT2 low-risk tumours had already developed lymph node metastases. After an average follow-up time of 14 months, two recurrences were observed in the group of the only locally treated patients with pT1 low-risk carcinomas. Both underwent a secondary procedure for cure but in late tumour stages. No recurrence was diagnosed so far among the re-resected patients.
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PMID:TEM results of the Tuebingen group. 786 55

The prognoses of 100 consecutive melanoma patients were analyzed on the basis of Breslow's thickness and Clark's levels as well as according to stage employing the 1987 UICC pTNM classification. Among patients with lesions < or = 1.50 mm thick, the 10-year survival rate was 100% for both pT1 (n = 13) and pT2 (n = 6) disease, 73.4% for pT3a disease (n = 26), 62.2% for pT3b disease (n = 15), 69.3% for pT3 (n = 41) disease, and 38.7% for pT4 disease (n = 38). Significant differences in survival were found between the pT4 group and the pT1/pT3a or pT3 groups. The 10-year survival rate was 100% for level II (n = 13) and level III (n = 13) disease, 58.3% for level IV (n = 46) disease, and 34.5% for level V (n = 26) disease. Significant differences were found between level V and other levels. The survival rate at 10 years was 100% for stage I (n = 18), 63.3% for stage II (n = 24), and 52.5% for stage III (n = 55). In stage IV (n = 3), there was only one patient who survived for 42 months. There were significant differences in survival among all stages except I and II. The 10-year survival rate in 3 subgroups of stage III was 58.9% for pT4pN0M0 patients (n = 14), 63.2% for pT,pN1M0 patients (n = 31), and 20% for pT,pN2M0 patients (n = 10). Significant differences were found between the pT,pN1M0 and pT,pN2M0 subgroups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prognostic evaluation of cutaneous malignant melanoma based on the pTNM classification. 786 68

To evaluate significant postoperative prognostic factors for esophageal carcinoma, clinicopathological findings and several markers for biological malignant potential were studied, including cell nuclear DNA contents, EGF receptor, p53 protein, MMP-2, Ki-67 positive cell rate, and tumors infiltrating Leu 7 cells. The subjects of this study were 96 patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma, who underwent radical surgery with extended lymphadenectomy. In the pathological findings, the postoperative survival rate significantly correlated with depth of invasion (pT1(-2) vs. pT3, p = 0.003), lymph node involvement (pNo vs. pN1, p = 0.0002), vascular invasion (-vs. +, p = 0.0003), stage (pSt. 1-2A vs. 3, p = 0.0018), and the number of node involvements (1-3 vs. more than 4, p = 0.025). Analyzing the markers for the malignancy, a significant difference in postoperative mortality due to the relapse was recognized with p value of 0.0009 between Ki-67 positive (under 1%) and Ki-67 negative (over 1%) tumor. Ki-67 positive tumor significantly correlated with the mortality in both cases with pNo (p = 0.024) and pN1 (p = 0.020). Low-grade tumor infiltrating Leu 7 cells significantly correlated with the mortality (Grade 1+ vs. 2+, p = 0.013; Grade 1+ vs. 3+, p = 0.008). These results suggest that Ki-67 study is a useful prognostic factor after radical surgery for thoracic esophageal carcinoma.
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PMID:[Postoperative prognostic factors for carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus]. 788 53


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