Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P52742 (pT3)
 1,034 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The nuclear DNA content of 163 colorectal carcinomas was determined by flow-cytometry (FCM) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. DNA-aneuploidy was found in 97 cases (59.5%), in which no statistically significant correlations with sex, mean age, tumour stage (Dukes and pTNM) and tumour grade were noted. The frequency of aneuploidy was significantly higher in patients less than 70 years of age (p less than 0.01) and in tumours localized in the left colon and rectum (p less than 0.002), irrespective of their stage. The tumours in which different areas could be analysed (n = 80) showed a heterogeneous DNA-ploidy pattern in 18%. Comparison of the DNA content in primary tumours and in lymph node metastases (n = 49) showed a difference in DNA-ploidy in 38% of the DNA-aneuploid tumours, but in only 6% of the DNA-diploid carcinomas (p less than 0.02). DNA-aneuploid carcinomas tended to show a higher rate of local recurrence and were associated with an unfavourable prognosis (p = 0.04) in those patients in which complete resection of their tumours was possible (n = 72). The significantly higher mortality of patients with DNA-aneuploid carcinomas of stage pT3, as well as those with Dukes stage A and B tumours indicates that DNA-aneuploidy may be a stage-independent additional risk factor in colorectal cancer.
 ...
PMID:Flow-cytometric analysis of the DNA-content in paraffin-embedded tissue from colorectal carcinomas and its prognostic significance. 167 9

The exact tumor classification by the pathologist is the basis of adequate therapy of colorectal carcinomas. The classification includes the determination of the histological type of the carcinoma and the grading according to the criteria of the WHO and the UICC, as well as the staging according to the TNM system of the UICC and the Dukes classification. Most colorectal carcinomas are adenocarcinomas of tubular, tubulo-papillary and papillary subtypes. Mucinous adenocarcinomas are characterized by a pronounced extracellular mucus production. Signet ring cell carcinomas with intracellular mucus production are very rare and predominantly localized in the right-sided colon. Adeno-squamous carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas are extremely rare in the large bowel. They are only mentioned for completeness. The histological grading proposed by the WHO distinguishes carcinomas of well (G1), moderately well (G2) and poor (G3) differentiation. Well and moderately well differentiated tumors can be regarded as carcinomas with low grade of malignancy, whereas poorly differentiated ones are carcinomas with high grade of malignancy. The new grading of the UICC distinguishes in addition to the well, moderately well and poorly differentiated carcinomas the undifferentiated tumors (G4). G1 and G2 correspond to low grade, G3 and G4 to high grade of malignancy. According to the 1987 nomenclature of the UICC-TNM system pT1 denotes tumor spread to the mucosa, or mucosa and submucosa, pT2 to the muscularis propria, pT3 into the subserosa or into nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissue and pT4 a perforation of the visceral peritoneum or a spread into other organs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Colorectal cancer: classification and aspects of the proliferation kinetics]. 305 90

We report a case of left ovarian Krukenberg's tumor in a 65 year-old patient, three years after resection of a colonic carcinoma (pT3, G2, pN1, Stage 3, Dukes C). The case is briefly discussed with reference to the literature. Krukenberg's tumor usually occurs in younger patients, with a peak frequency before 40 years. Both ovaries are involved in 90% of cases. Pathogenetically the ovarian involvement arises either from hematogenous, lymphatic spreading or from contiguous extension from the primary colonic tumor. There may be some anatomic predispositions such as utero-ovarian vessel anastomosis in the ligamentum latum or by peritoneal adhesions.
 ...
PMID:Krukenberg's tumor, three years after a colic carcinoma. 1242 71

Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy reportedly improves advanced colorectal cancer patients' survival, however, it is necessary to assess what regimens are useful. Doxifluridine (5'-DFUR) is an intermediate of capecitabine approved in Europe and USA to treat metastatic colorectal cancer. 5'-DFUR is metabolized to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by thymidine phosphorylase existing in tumor at high concentrations, suggesting high 5-FU levels in tumor tissues and lesser complications. Present study compared usefulness of 5'-DFUR to that of oral 5-FU. Patients were enrolled at 38 centers from April 1993 to September 1996. They had diagnosed colorectal cancer of TNM stages II and III, and underwent macroscopic curative resection. Patients were prestratified into colon or rectum cancer and allocated into either 5'-DFUR (5'-DFUR 460 mg/m(2)/day + PSK 3 g/day) or 5-FU (5-FU 115 mg/m(2)/day + PSK 3 g/day) group by dynamic randomization (stratification factors such as depth of tumor, degree of lymph node metastasis, and location of tumor). Drugs were orally administered daily from postoperative week 2 to 54, with 6 mg/m(2) mitomycin C at operation and following days. Subjects for analysis were 277 in 5'-DFUR and 281 in 5-FU groups. Median follow-up was 6.5 years. Although no differences in overall survival curves were detected, multivariate analysis showed that 5'-DFUR + PSK regimen was a significantly better prognostic factor in patients with Dukes B or C (risk ratio, 1.451; p=0.048); with tumor depth of pT3 or pT4 (risk ratio, 1.568; p=0.020). For patients with advanced colorectal cancer, 5'-DFUR + PSK therapy may possibly be more useful than 5-FU + PSK, but further study is required.
 ...
PMID:A randomized controlled trial of postoperative adjuvant immunochemotherapy for colorectal cancer with oral medicines. 1279 90

An unusual case of advanced synchronous colon and gastric carcinoma is described. A 36 year old female was admitted to our Department with a stenosing right colon cancer diagnosed at endoscopy which was performed for lower crampy abdominal pain and gross blood in the stool. Multiple colon polyps, distal to the tumor, were also detected. On preoperative abdominal computed tomography, a stenosing right colon cancer, without evidence of abdominal diffusion, was confirmed. At laparotomy, in addition to colon cancer, an antral gastric cancer was incidentally found. En bloc hemigastrectomy and subtotal colectomy were performed. Digestive continuity was restored by gastrojejunal and ileosigmoid anastomoses. At histology, a poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma with signet ring-cell component (pT2, pN0; stage IB) and a moderately differentiated colon adenocarcinoma with a tubulovillous component (pT3, pN1; stage III, Stage Dukes C) were revealed. Both tumors showed a low expression of p53 and c-erb2 oncoproteins. No genetic defect was identified in the APC and MMR genes. The patient is alive, without recurrence, two years after the operation.
 ...
PMID:Synchronous colon and gastric advanced carcinomas. 1594 46

A prognostic index (Petersen index, PI) was created for patients with pT3-4 pN0 M0 (Stage II, Dukes' B) colon cancers to distinguish between patients with better and worse outcome, and to help in recommending adjuvant chemotherapy for high risk patients in this stage. The prognostic value of the PI was evaluated in two independent retrospective series of stage II (Dukes' B) colon cancer patients. The parameters defining the PI (venous invasion, peritoneal involvement, circumferential margin involvement, perforation through the tumour) and performance of the PI were compared in two institutions. The two series of patients consisted of 127 and 87 patients. Venous invasion was more frequently detected at one of the centres (p<0.01) and tumour perforation was more frequent at the other (p<0.01). There were no significant differences in the 5-year survival estimates of all patients (p=0.19), and of either the low PI value groups (p=0.52) or that of the high PI value groups (p=0.99) between the two sites. In contrast, there were significant differences in the survival estimates between patients of the low PI category and those of the high PI category altogether (p<0.01) and in either centre. Although, it was expected that differences in the frequency of the parameters involved in the PI would influence its performance, this was not confirmed by the data. Our results suggest that using the PI may be of value in prognostic factor based therapy selection of colon carcinoma patients.
...
PMID:The Petersen prognostic index revisited in Dukes B colon cancer--Inter-institutional differences. 2672 46