Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P52742 (pT3)
 1,034 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), also known as MUC1, is a mucinous glycoprotein fixed to the luminal domain of the epithelial cell membrane of normal breast ducts. However, in breast cancer cells, it is usually dispersed in the cytoplasm. EMA staining patterns of 330 breast carcinomas were examined, and three groups formed: lineal (16%), cytoplasmic (75%), and negative (9%). Although these patterns were somewhat related to histological cancer types, this was not statistically significant. However, EMA showed statistically significant univariate relationships to tumor grade, tumor size, estrogen and progesterone receptors, and nodal stage. Logistic regression analysis showed that among these variables, all of which were univariately related to node metastasis, only tumor size and EMA were independent nodal stage predictors. A combined analysis of these two factors revealed that the statistical probability of a tumor metastasizing to four or more nodes increased in each tumor size group from 0.9% to 12% for pT1, from 2% to 29% for pT2 and from 10% to 63% for pT3, depending on the EMA staining. The tumors showing a lineal pattern were the least metastasizing, while the EMA-negative tumors were the most. After recognizing these relationships between EMA staining patterns and other well-known differentiation markers and the lymph node metastatic capacity of carcinomas, and considering the results obtained by others on survival, one might conclude that EMA is both a differentiation marker and a histological prognostic factor.
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PMID:EMA: a differentiation antigen related to node metastatic capacity of breast carcinomas. 1143 69

To address the need for new prognostic parameters in advanced colon carcinoma that could add insights into the aggressiveness of tumors, the expression levels of MUC1 recognized by a monoclonal antibody (mAb) MY.1E12 in archival specimens from 123 Japanese patients with colon carcinomas were evaluated by immunohistochemistry to correlate the results with clinicopathological characteristics. The localization of mAb MY.1E12-reactive-MUC1 (MY.1E12-MUC1) was classified into apical, cytoplasmic and stromal types based on the predominant cellular distribution. The MUC1 mRNA levels revealed by in situ hybridization were not a determinant for the localization types of MY.1E12-MUC1. Immunostaining of MY.1E12-MUC1 was recognized in the cancerous epithelia of pT1 carcinoma in 61%, pT2 in 78%, pT3 in 98% and pT4 in 90% of the cases at the deepest invading sites. At the deepest invading sites, apical-type localization was found to predominate in pT1 carcinoma, but stromal-type localization was found to increase in pT2-4 carcinomas in parallel with the depth of invasion. The frequency of synchronous distant organ metastasis at the time of diagnosis tended to be higher in cases of pT3 and pT4 carcinomas in the stromal-type localization-dominant group than in cases in the apical-type localization-dominant group. The post-surgical survival outcome of cases of pT3 and pT4 carcinomas was significantly poorer in the former than in the latter (P = 0.002). The stromal-type localization of MY.1E12-MUC1 may be a phenotype serving as a unique biological feature associated with the tumor aggressiveness of advanced colon carcinoma.
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PMID:Expression of MUC1 recognized by monoclonal antibody MY.1E12 is a useful biomarker for tumor aggressiveness of advanced colon carcinoma. 1555 88

The overall outcome of gallbladder carcinoma has not been favorable because of frequent recurrence at distant sites after surgery. A high-level expression of MUC1 recognized by a monoclonal antibody (mAb), MY.1E12, is correlated with poor survival in several types of carcinomas. There is a need to find new prognostic parameters that can give further insights into tumor aggressiveness of the disease. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression level of mAb MY.1E12-reactive-MUC1 (MY.1E12-MUC1) in 79 cases of gallbladder carcinoma of different depths of invasion and to determine the correlation of the expression level with clinicopathological findings. The cellular distribution of MY.1E12-MUC1 was heterogeneous among carcinomas of different depths of invasion. Immunohistochemical localization was classified into apical, cytoplasmic and stromal types based on the predominant cellular distribution. In 35 cases of pT2 carcinoma in which curative resections had been performed, the localization was apical type in 54%, cytoplasmic type in 66%, and stromal type in 56% of the cases at the deepest invading sites in the subserosal layer. Postsurgical recurrences at distant sites were seen in 11 of 18 cases of pT2 carcinoma (61%) that had more than or equal to 10% of the cancerous epithelia showing stromal localization of MY.1E12-MUC1 at the deepest invading sites (stromal group) and in 3 of 17 cases (18%) that had less than 10% of the cancerous epithelia showing stromal localization (nonstromal group). The postsurgical 5-year survival rate was significantly poorer in the former (54%) than in the latter (79%; P = 0.049). In 38 cases of pT3 and pT4 carcinomas, the frequency of synchronous distant organ metastasis at the time of diagnosis was significantly higher in cases in the stromal group (61%) than in cases in the nonstromal group (20%). Moreover, in 73 cases of pT2, pT3 and pT4 carcinomas, the expression rate of abnormal localization of E-cadherin was significantly higher in the stromal group (63%) than in the nonstromal group (30%). The MUC1 mRNA levels revealed by in situ hybridization would not be a determinant important for the stromal localization. The stromal localization of MY.1E12-MUC1 may be a phenotype serving as a unique biological feature associated with the tumor aggressiveness of gallbladder carcinoma, such as the tendency to form distant organ metastasis.
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PMID:Expression of MUC1 recognized by a monoclonal antibody MY.1E12 is a useful biomarker for tumor aggressiveness of carcinoma of the gallbladder. 1555 92

In the ampulla of Vater, carcinomas with "diffuse-infiltrative"/"signet ring cell" morphology, designated as "poorly cohesive carcinoma" (PCC) in the WHO classification, are very rare and poorly characterized. Nine cases with a classical PCC morphology constituting >50% of the tumor were identified. Mean age was 64.8 years (vs 64.6 in ampullary carcinomas [ACs]) and 6 were males, 3 females. The mean invasive tumor size was 2.5 cm (vs 1.9 in ACs). Other morphologic patterns displayed included cord-like infiltration (n=2), plasmacytoid cells (n=2), and microglandular component (n=4), including goblet cell adenocarcinoma-like foci. None of the cases were associated with dysplasia. By immunohistochemistry, the carcinomas did not show intestinal differentiation (CDX2 0/9, CK20 1/9, MUC2 3/9), MUC1 was positive in 4/9, MUC5AC was positive in 7/8. E-cadherin loss was noted in 4/9. All cases were advanced stage (6/9-pT3, 3/9-pT4) (vs 43% in ACs). Lymph node metastases were identified in 44% (vs 45% in AC). Six patients (67%) died of disease at a median of 25 months, 3 were alive at 13, 15, and 60 months. Overall median survival was significantly worse than that of intestinal-type ACs (26 vs 122 months, P = .006) and trended toward worse than pancreatobiliary type (26 vs 42 months, P = .1). In conclusion, PCCs constitute 2.45% of all ACs. These present as advanced tumors and express upper-gastrointestinal immunoprofile with frequent MUC5AC labeling, which may be helpful in identifying subtle infiltration in the surface mucosa since MUC5AC is not expressed in the ampullary mucosa. Patients have poor prognosis.
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PMID:Poorly Cohesive (Signet Ring Cell) Carcinoma of the Ampulla of Vater. 3161 56