Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P52742 (pT3)
 1,034 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical course of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is highly variable. Overexpression of the p53 protein has been suggested as a possible prognostic parameter in RCC. Overexpression of the mdm-2 oncogene product has been shown to interact with the p53 function. To investigate the immunohistochemical overexpression of mdm-2 protein in comparison with that of p53 protein in RCC, 50 nonpapillary pT3 RCCs were immunostained for p53 protein (DO-7) and mdm-2 (IF2). Tumor growth fraction (Ki-67 labeling index; MIB-1) was determined by immunohistochemistry. p53 positivity was detected in 16% of tumors. mdm-2 overexpression was seen in 30% of RCCs. There was a significant association between p53 and mdm-2 immunostaining (P = 0.0006), suggesting that mdm-2 protein may contribute to p53 protein stabilization in RCC. p53 overexpression was associated with a high Ki-67 LI (P = 0.0002), suggesting that p53 overexpression is involved in growth control in RCC. Survival analysis showed that Ki-67 LI (P = 0.04) and p53 overexpression were associated with poor prognosis (P = 0.0021), whereas mdm-2 overexpression was not related to patient outcome (P = 0.73). A Cox regression analysis revealed tumor stage (P < 0.001) and p53 overexpression (P < 0.05) to be independent prognostic parameters. It is concluded that p53 but not mdm-2 may be of practical relevance in predicting patient prognosis in RCC.
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PMID:p53 protein expression but not mdm-2 protein expression is associated with rapid tumor cell proliferation and prognosis in renal cell carcinoma. 907 53

Since 1985 a special work group involved in the coordination of hospital cancer registries in Germany (AKKK) has been collecting, storing and analysing data on tumour patients, received from cancer centres, oncological departments and specialised practices. The documentation of tumour patients is based, among other things, on information concerning localisation, histological findings and tumour spread. The data are stored in a central database administered by the work group. At present it contains data on approximately 500,000 oncological patients. In the period from 1987 to 1992, 56,013 initial entries were made concerning patients with urological tumours. Of these cases, tumours of the kidney (n = 11,424) constituted 20.4%. In 94.6% of the cases, histological investigation revealed a renal cell carcinoma-pT1: 5.8%; pT2: 53.6%, pT3: 37.2% and pT4: 3.4%. Tumours of the urinary bladder (n = 16,246) constituted 29.0% of all urological tumours. In 93.8% of the cases a transitional cell carcinoma was detected-pTis: 1.0%; pTa: 36.9%; pT1: 29.6%; pT2: 16.9%; pT3: 11.4%; pT4: 4.4%. Transitional cell carcinomas of the ureter or of the collecting system (n = 1,846) constituted 3.3% of the cases. The proportion of testicular tumours (n = 6,594) amounted to 11.8%; 53.6% of these germ-cell tumours (n = 6,281) were seminomas and 46.6% were non-seminomas. In all, 66.3% of the cases were lymph-node negative. Tumours of the prostate (n = 19,903) constituted 35.5% of the cases. In the period from 1987 to 1992, the proportion of lymph-node-positive prostate carcinomas decreased from 39.8% to 16.2%. The detailed analysis of these data shows how the hospital cancer registries can support the discussion regarding diagnosis and therapy of urological tumours.
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PMID:[Urologic tumors in Germany. Initial data of 56,013 cases from clinical cancer registers]. 919 42

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-r) expression and tumor cell proliferation rate have been proposed as potential prognostic parameters in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this study, immunohistochemical stains using antibodies to EGF-r and the cell proliferation marker Ki-67 (MIB-1) were used to study the relationship between EGF-r expression, tumor cell proliferation, and prognosis in 50 non-papillary RCC extending beyond the renal capsule (pT3). A high Ki-67 labeling index (LI) was associated with poor patient prognosis (P < .05). Thirty-eight cases (76%) expressed strong cell membrane immunoreactivity for EGF-r. There was a tendency toward a shortened survival for EGF-r-positive tumors (P = .08). Tumor growth fraction (Ki-67 LI) was significantly higher in EGF-r-positive tumors than in EGF-r-negative tumors (P < .05), suggesting that rapid tumor proliferation might be responsible for the poor prognosis associated with EGF-r-positive RCC.
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PMID:Epidermal growth factor receptor expression is associated with rapid tumor cell proliferation in renal cell carcinoma. 938 30

In the period 1986-1997, 387 cases of renal carcinoma were operated upon, at the Department of Urology, Parma General Hospital (Italy). Among these, thirty patients (all together 31 operations, 26 men and 5 women, mean age 58 +/- 11.3 years) have had conservative, nephron-sparing surgery; in 8 patients, conservative procedure was mandatory, due to previous contralateral nephrectomy or renal unreliability (4 RCC, 1 TCC, 1 severe injury, 1 pyonephrosis, 1 end stage insufficiency); in 23 patients, with normal contralateral kidney, the tumor was less than 4 cm in diameter and unique. Preoperatively, all cases had been staged by abdominal TC, chest X-ray, bone scan, renal angiography. 23 of 30 cases showed pathological stages I-II (pT1-T2), while 8 patients had stage III (pT3) tumors. After dismissal we recommended: abdominal echography after three months; again US and TC, chest X-ray after further three months. Then US and/or TC every six months, should the former results suggest a relapse, either locally and/or at a distance. Mean follow-up was 40 months. 6/30 patients (19.3%) died of metastatic disease (mean survival time: 27 months). 25 patients are alive and tumor free after a mean follow-up of 43.1 months. Immediate postoperative complications were 2 cases of urinary fistula treated by ureteral stenting.
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PMID:[The conservative surgery of renal carcinoma]. 1002 89

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has five isoforms (VEGF206, 189, 165, 145 and 121). Increased VEGF expression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is associated with angiogenesis, but, it is not apparent which isoform is involved in this effect. We examined the isoform patterns of VEGF by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 47 RCCs. All showed increased VEGF expression as compared with extraneoplastic renal tissue. Four of the 47 RCCs showed VEGF121 alone, 10 showed VEGF121 + 165, and 33 showed the VEGF121 + 165 + 189 pattern. Patients with pathological stage pT3-4 RCC showed the VEGF121 + 165 + 189 isoform pattern at a significantly higher incidence (10/10, 100%) than those with pT0-2 (23/37, 62%) (P < 0.022). The VEGF121 + 165 + 189 isoform pattern was also significantly associated with high vessel counts and density (P = 0.0002, Mann-Whitney U test). These observations suggested that the VEGF189 mRNA isoform is closely associated with angiogenesis and results in the growth of RCC.
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PMID:Expression pattern of vascular endothelial growth factor isoform is closely correlated with tumour stage and vascularisation in renal cell carcinoma. 1021 Nov 1

A series of 474 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), who had radical nephrectomy during a period of 15 years, was studied to assess the prognostic significance of various pathologic parameters (tumor stage [pT], lymph node status, metastasis, tumor grade, venous involvement) and value of preoperative embolization of renal artery. There were: 20 (4%) pT1, 204 (43%) pT2, 245 (52%) pT3, and 5 (1%) pT4 patients. All 474 patients underwent nephrectomy including a group of 118 (25%) patients (24 pT2, 90 pT3, and 4 pT4) who underwent preoperative embolization of the renal artery. To compare treatment outcomes in embolized patients with RCC, a group of 116 (24%) nonembolized patients with RCC was selected. This group was matched for sex, age, stage, tumor size, and tumor grade, with the embolized patients (p<0.01). All important prognostic factors were studied as to their influence on survival by the treatment group. The overall 5- and 10-year survival was 62% and 47%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were significantly better (p<0.01) for patients with pT2 than for those with pT3 tumors (79% vs. 50% and 59% vs. 35%, respectively). Involvement of regional lymph nodes (N+) was an important prognostic factor for survival in patients with pT3 tumors. The 5-year survival for pT3 N+ was 39%, compared with 66% in those with pT3N0 (p<0.01). Preoperative embolization was also an important factor influencing survival. The overall 5- and 10-year survival for 118 patients embolized before nephrectomy was 62% and 47%, respectively, and it was 35% and 23%, respectively, for the matched group of 116 patients treated with surgery alone (p = 0.01). The most important finding of this study was an apparent importance of preoperative embolization in improving patients' survival. This finding needs to be interpreted with caution and confirmed in a prospective randomized trial.
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PMID:Comparison of preoperative embolization followed by radical nephrectomy with radical nephrectomy alone for renal cell carcinoma. 1068 65

Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 9p is considered a critical event in renal cell carcinoma pathogenesis. Alterations of CDKN2A on 9p21 have been reported in renal cancer cell lines, but their relevance for primary renal carcinomas is unclear. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was analyzed by using four polymorphic microsatellites at D9S970 (9p12-9p13), D9S171 (9p13), D9S1748 (9p21), and D9S156 (9p21) in 113 primary conventional clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (CRCCs). Allelic deletion was detected in 21 of 88 informative CRCCs (24%) with the highest rate of LOH being observed at D9S171 on 9p13 (20%). Chromosome 9p LOH was associated with short tumor-specific survival in stage pT3 RCC (P = 0.01). Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of 54 CRCCs revealed no homozygous CDKN2A deletions indicating that this mechanism of CDKN2A inactivation is rare in CRCC. Sequencing of 113 CRCCs showed that 13 tumors (12%) had a 24-bp deletion abrogating codons 4 through 11 of CDKN2A. Immunohistochemical CDKN2A expression was absent in normal renal tissue and was only detected in six of 382 CRCCs (1.5%) on a renal tumor microarray. These data suggest that CDKN2A alterations are present in a small subset of CRCCs and a second, yet unknown tumor suppressor gene proximal to the CDKN2A locus, may play a role in CRCC development.
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PMID:CDKNA2A mutation analysis, protein expression, and deletion mapping of chromosome 9p in conventional clear-cell renal carcinomas: evidence for a second tumor suppressor gene proximal to CDKN2A. 1115 96

Renal cell carcinoma is likely to become one of the most important indications for laparoscopic surgery worldwide. The laparoscopic technique combines the benefits of the minimally invasive approach with established surgical principles. In our institution the laparoscopic transperitoneal approach with intact specimen extraction has become the standard technique for radical nephrectomies. We report the indications, techniques, and oncological outcome in a single center experience in 100 cases. The mean tumor size was 5.9 cm (range: 2-11 cm), the blood loss was 220 ml, and the mean surgical time was 211 min, including the learning curves of five surgeons. Histological findings were pT1 in 66 (66%), pT2 in 11 (11%), and pT3 in 19 (19%) patients with an increasing tumor size according to the experience of the surgeons. In four cases (4%) histology did not prove malignant disease. Positive lymph nodes were detected in three cases (3%) and surgical margins were negative for tumor in all patients. To date 61 patients were available for follow-up; patients with primary metastatic disease were excluded from this analysis. Follow-up was between 1 and 30 months with an average of 12.9 months. Progressive disease occurred in two cases in patients with pT3G3 tumors. No cases of local recurrence or port metastasis occurred during observation. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is a routine, effective treatment for patients with renal cell carcinoma. Our follow-up data up to 30 months confirm the effectiveness of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy in terms of surgical principles and oncological outcome.
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PMID:[Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: indications, techniques, and oncological outcome]. 1260 88

P63 is essential for the differentiation of normal urothelium and is also expressed in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. We investigated p63 immunoreactivity in upper urinary tract TCC (n=53) and in renal-cell carcinoma (RCC; n=188) using a tissue microarray technique. P63 expression was detected in 51/53 (96.2%) TCCs, showing decreased expression in high-stage (pT1 and pT2 100%; pT3 90.9%) and poorly differentiated (G1 and G2 100%; G3 92%) tumors. All RCCs were negative for p63. P63 proved to be a helpful tool, even in poorly differentiated and undifferentiated renal malignancies, to distinguish TCC from RCC.
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PMID:P63 immunoreactivity distinguishes upper urinary tract transitional-cell carcinoma and renal-cell carcinoma even in poorly differentiated tumors. 1287 91

We report an unusual case of solitary thrombus floating in the inferior vena cava (IVC) in a patient who underwent radical nephrectomy for a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of the right kidney extended into the renal vein with no capsular and perinephric tissue invasion (pT3b). Twenty months after surgery, a routine computed tomography scan identified an intraluminal mass floating in the IVC. Cavotomy and thrombectomy with no caval resection were successfully performed. A review of the literature showed only three previous published cases of RCC recurring in the IVC only, with no local recurrence or distant metastases. We outline the possible etiology of these unusual and solitary recurrences in the IVC and we emphasize the need for a strict surveillance for all patients with RCC and especially for those with pT1b, pT2 and pT3 disease. An early diagnosis of this rare recurrence can permit an easy removal of the thrombus with no caval resection and graft replacement, making this disease potentially curable by surgery.
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PMID:Solitary floating vena caval thrombus as a late recurrence of renal cell carcinoma. 1502 4


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