Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P52742 (pT3)
 1,034 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Flow cytometric nuclear DNA ploidy analysis was used to study pathologic stage C prostatic adenocarcinoma (pT3, N0, M0) in 146 patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy between 1967 and 1981. Of these tumors, 46% had a DNA diploid pattern, 47% had a DNA tetraploid pattern, and 7% had a DNA aneuploid pattern. Abnormal ploidy patterns were associated more frequently with histologic high-grade tumors than with low-grade tumors. Considered alone, DNA ploidy pattern showed a strong association with subsequent prognosis. The median interval to progression for tumors with DNA tetraploid and DNA aneuploid patterns was 7.8 and 3.5 years, respectively. For the DNA diploid tumors, only 23% progressed within 18 years, the longest follow-up. At 10 years, only 10% of patients with DNA diploid tumors had died of prostatic cancer, in comparison with 28% of the DNA tetraploid and 36% of the DNA aneuploid groups (P less than 0.01). By analysis of a combination of histologic tumor grade and nuclear DNA ploidy pattern, an even stronger association with prognosis was demonstrated. For the 38 patients with histologic low-grade and DNA diploid tumors, progression-free survival was 92% at 10 years, in comparison with 57% for 23 patients with low-grade DNA nondiploid tumors. Patients with high-grade tumor had a poorer prognosis whether the DNA ploidy pattern was diploid or nondiploid. Nuclear DNA ploidy pattern is an important and independent prognostic variable for patients with pathologic stage C prostatic cancer treated by radical prostatectomy.
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PMID:Stage C prostatic adenocarcinoma: flow cytometric nuclear DNA ploidy analysis. 279 1

Accurate preoperative staging of prostate adenocarcinoma is especially important before radical prostatectomy. The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the staging accuracy of transrectal ultrasonography in prostatic adenocarcinoma. The results of the preoperative staging evaluation in 126 patients with endorectal ultrasound were compared with the histopathologic findings after radical prostatectomy. Correct staging by transrectal sonography was possible in 82 of 126 patients (65%). For stage pT3 tumors, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value were 69%, 51% and 82% respectively.
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PMID:[Value of transrectal ultrasound in determining the T-stage of prostate cancer]. 821 26

To determine if patients with bladder cancer have a higher incidence of unsuspected prostate cancer, 40 cases were studied. All except one case had no evidence of prostate cancer on preoperative clinical assessment. Detailed pathological evaluation of cystoprostatectomy specimens with sections at 2- to 3-mm intervals was done. Adenocarcinoma of the prostate was identified in 18 of 40 patients (45%). Multifocal prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) was present in 19 cases (47.5%); 4 (10%) without an associated prostate cancer and 15 (37.5%) in conjunction with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Twelve cases of unsuspected prostate cancer were stage pT1a, 4 were pT1b, and 2 were pT3. No patients exhibited nodal or distance metastases by the prostate cancer. At a mean follow-up of 15.2 months (range 3-34 months), 37 of the 40 patients are alive. Among prostate cancer patients, no clinical or biochemical evidence of disease recurrence or prostate cancer related mortality has been observed. Our findings support the previously reported high incidence rate of prostate cancer in patients undergoing cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer. This, though, may not be higher than the observed incidence in an age-matched general population. We recommend DRE and PSA as part of the bladder cancer workup in males, and complete removal of the prostate at cystoprostatectomy to prevent the dilemma of residual prostate cancer.
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PMID:Incidental prostatic adenocarcinoma in patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer. 893 64

Microvessel density was recently reported to be an independent correlate of tumour stage in whole mount prostatectomy specimens. This prompted an investigation of whether the quantitation of tumour microvessels could also be reliably applied to prostatic core biopsies, as a presurgical determinant of local tumour extension. The study was performed on a series of 46 unselected patients with prostatic adenocarcinomas undergoing radical prostatectomy. Intratumoural microvasculature was highlighted immunohistochemically using an antibody against CD31 and subsequently evaluated at x 400 magnification in both biopsies and corresponding prostatectomies. The highest microvessel count was reported for each case. Ten cases (22 per cent) had to be excluded because of insufficient measurable tumour areas in core biopsies. The remaining 36 cases (16 pT2; 20 pT3) showed a high degree of correlation between microvessel density in biopsies and prostatectomies (P < 0.0001). Similarly, pre- and post-operatively determined microvascular counts correlated well with tumour stage (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the median microvessel density in core biopsies and tumours, i.e., 34, distinguished well between organ-confined and organ-extending tumours (positive predictive value for pT3 tumours 94.4 per cent; sensitivity 85 per cent). These data indicate that the evaluation of microvessels in core biopsies, eventually combined with other parameters, could be a reliable method for the individual prediction of the post-surgical tumour stage of prostatic adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Microvessel density in core biopsies of prostatic adenocarcinoma: a stage predictor? 927 32

Radical prostatectomy after pelvic lymphadenectomy is an effective treatment for patients with T1-2 pN0 adenocarcinoma of the prostate. However, pathologic analysis of resected tissue reveals that in 20 to 40% of clinical stage B lesions, the tumour has extended locally beyond the prostate. This infra-clinical disease may be the origin of local relapse. Radiation oncologists are often asked to deliver post-operative irradiation. There is sufficient evidence in the literature that postoperative radiation therapy can improve local control rate for patients with pT3 pN0 adenocarcinoma of the prostate; however, the effect of this radiotherapy on survival in this category of patients remains unclear. It is the reason why randomised clinical trials have been implemented for investigating the role of pelvic external irradiation with respect to the effects on local control, acute and late morbidity, overall survival and cancer-related survival, and for better defining the selective indications of radiotherapy, regarding pathological data.
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PMID:[Localized prostatic adenocarcinoma: role of pelvic radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy]. 958 72

Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and the biopsy Gleason sum are used along with clinical staging to predict prostatectomy pathology results for men with localized prostate cancer. The additional predictive value of perineural invasion (PNI) in pretreatment prostate needle biopsies for evaluating tumor stage in this setting is controversial. The current study evaluates the independent predictive value of PNI for tumor staging in a cohort of 632 men who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomies for clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate between the years 1994 and 1998. None of these men received hormonal or radiation therapy before surgery. In addition to the Gleason sum, biopsy results contained detailed information regarding tumor burden: 1) total number of biopsy cores involved by adenocarcinoma, 2) greatest percentage of any single biopsy involved by prostate carcinoma (GPC), and 3) total percentage of cancer added over all cores (TPC). The presence or absence of any PNI was recorded. Pretreatment factors were analyzed in a univariate and multivariate fashion to determine their predictive value using the TNM tumor stage (pT2 vs pT3) and the modified tumor staging system, which includes surgical margin status (pT2 vs pT3 or positive surgical margin) as end points. Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between pT3 disease and several preoperative factors including age, Gleason sum, serum PSA, digital rectal examination, PNI, GPC, TPC, and the total number of positive cores (p <0.01). Multivariate analysis indicated that serum PSA, Gleason sum, age, and GPC contributed significantly to predicting pT3 disease with odds ratios of 2.7 (95% CI, 1.7-4.3), 2.3 (95% CI, 1.7-3.1), 1.7 (95% CI, 1.1-2.7), and 1.7 (95% CI, 1.4-2.1) respectively. PNI was significant in multivariate analysis only when GPC and TPC were not considered, due to a significant interaction between GPC and PNI (p <0.0001, Wilcoxon's rank sum test). These predictive factors showed a similar relationship to adverse pathology when an alternative definition of adverse pathology was used that included positive surgical margins (pT3 or any positive margin). In the interaction between GPC and PNI, GPC was more significant than PNI in predicting pT3 disease. However, PNI added additional information when adverse pathology was defined more broadly as pT3 or any positive margin.
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PMID:Relationship and significance of greatest percentage of tumor and perineural invasion on needle biopsy in prostatic adenocarcinoma. 1068 Aug 85

Extraprostatic extension is an unfavorable prognostic factor for prostate cancer. Consequently, it has been assigned to pT3a in the current 2002 tumor, lymph node, metastasis staging system. The aim of our study is to analyze the extent of extraprostatic extension by 8 quantitative methods and to determine which is best for substaging of pT3a tumors. We studied 83 patients with extraprostatic extension after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostatic adenocarcinoma. The extent of extraprostatic extension was evaluated using 8 quantitative methods. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine which measurement best predicts prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence. In the univariate analysis, the radial distance of extraprostatic tumor measured by ocular micrometer was associated with PSA recurrence (P = 0.02). No significant association was observed between PSA recurrence and other measurements of extraprostatic extension, including focal versus established extraprostatic extension using Epstein's criterion, focal versus established extraprostatic extension using Wheeler's modified criterion, the number of extraprostatic neoplastic glands, unilateral versus bilateral involvement, circumferential length of extraprostatic tumor, unifocal versus multifocal involvement, and volume of extraprostatic tumor. In the multivariate analysis, radial distance remained an independent predictor of PSA recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-5.01; P=0.02). The radial distance of the extraprostatic extension measured by ocular micrometer is an independent prognostic factor for pT3 prostate cancer. Two-year and 4-year PSA recurrence-free survival was 62% and 35%, respectively, for those patients with radial distance <0.75 mm, as compared with 35% and 18%, respectively, for those with radial distance > or =0.75 mm. We recommend reporting this parameter routinely for radical prostatectomy specimens. The strength of its prognostic value for PSA recurrence makes it a potential criterion for incorporation into a future tumor, lymph node, metastasis staging system.
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PMID:Radial distance of extraprostatic extension measured by ocular micrometer is an independent predictor of prostate-specific antigen recurrence: A new proposal for the substaging of pT3a prostate cancer. 1832 77

We present 9 consult cases, the largest series to date, of colorectal adenocarcinoma involving the prostate. Mean age of patients at diagnosis was 61 years (range, 42-78 years). Six cases were initially diagnosed on needle biopsy and the others by transurethral resection. Three cases were diagnosed before biopsy of the colon, which led to the discovery of a primary colonic tumor. The mean interval between the detection of the primary colonic tumor and prostatic involvement in the other 6 cases was 30 months (range, 1-52 months). At diagnosis, the stages of colorectal carcinomas were pT1 (n=2), pT2 (n=2), pT3 (n=2), and pT4 (n=3). Two cases involved the prostate after the recurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma at the anastomotic site of the previous colonic resection. In most cases, the tumors were typical moderately differentiated with occasional poorly differentiated foci. Other histologic features included desmoplastic stromal reaction (100%, n=9), necrosis (77.8%, n=7), chronic inflammatory response (77.8%, n=7), cribriform pattern (66.7%, n=6), villous architecture (22.2%, n=2), mucin production (22.2%, n=2), signet-ring cells (11.1%, n=1), and perineural invasion (11.1%, n=1). Immunohistochemical stains were positive for beta-catenin in 6 of 6 cases, CDX2 in 6 of 6 cases, carcinoembryonic antigen in 7 of 7 cases, CK20 in 5 of 6 cases, high-molecular-weight cytokeratin in 5 of 6 cases, and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase in 3 of 6 cases. Stains were negative in all cases for prostate-specific antigen, P501S (prostein), and CK7. Six patients (66.7%) died of disease within an average of 34 months (range, 8-88 months) after diagnosis of prostatic involvement. There are critical therapeutic and prognostic implications for distinguishing between prostatic adenocarcinoma and colorectal carcinoma involving the prostate. Colorectal adenocarcinoma should be considered on prostate sampling when carcinoma exhibits either "dirty" necrosis, tall columnar epithelium with mucin production, mucin-positive signet-ring cells, villous architecture, or associated inflammation. Immunohistochemical stains for beta-catenin, CDX2, carcinoembryonic antigen, high-molecular-weight cytokeratin, prostate-specific antigen, P501S (prostein), CK20, and CK7 can be helpful in making a definitive diagnosis.
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PMID:Colorectal adenocarcinoma involving the prostate: report of 9 cases. 1786 75

Minute prostatic adenocarcinomas are considered to be of insufficient virulence. Given recent suggestions of TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion association with aggressive prostatic adenocarcinoma, we evaluated the incidence of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion in minute prostatic adenocarcinomas. A total of 45 consecutive prostatectomies with minute adenocarcinoma were used for tissue microarray construction. A total of 63 consecutive non-minimal, Gleason Score 6 tumors, from a separate PSA Era prostatectomy tissue microarray, were used for comparison. FISH was carried out using ERG break-apart probes. Tumors were assessed for fusion by deletion (Edel) or split (Esplit), duplicated fusions and low-level copy number gain in normal ERG gene locus. Minute adenocarcinomas: Fusion was evaluable in 32/45 tumors (71%). Fifteen out of 32 (47%) tumors were positive for fusion. Six (19%) were of the Edel class and 7 (22%) were classified as combined Edel+Esplit. Non-minute adenocarcinomas (pT2): Fusion was identified in 20/30 tumors (67%). Four (13%) were of Edel class and 5 (17%) were combined Edel+Esplit. Duplicated fusions were encountered in 5 (16%) tumors. Non-minute adenocarcinomas (pT3): Fusion was identified in 19/33 (58%). Fusion was due to a deletion in 6 (18%) tumors. Seven tumors (21%) were classified as combined Edel+Esplit. One tumor showed Esplit alone. Duplicated fusions were encountered in 3 (9%) cases. The incidence of duplicated fusions was higher in non-minute adenocarcinomas (13 vs 0%; P=0.03). A trend for higher incidence of low-level copy number gain in normal ERG gene locus without fusion was noted in non-minute adenocarcinomas (10 vs 0%; P=0.07). We found a TMPRSS2-ERG fusion rate of 47% in minute adenocarcinomas. The latter is not significantly different from that of grade matched non-minute adenocarcinomas. The incidence of duplicated fusion was higher in non-minute adenocarcinomas. Our finding of comparable rate of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion in minute adenocarcinomas may argue against its value as a marker of aggressive prostate carcinoma phenotype.
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PMID:TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion status in minute (minimal) prostatic adenocarcinoma. 1973 49

Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate is an aggressive malignancy, often presenting at an advanced stage. In mixed ductal and acinar adenocarcinomas, the relationship between the proportion of the ductal component of the tumor and the pathologic stage and whether or not aggressive behavior is simply a function of grade remains undetermined. From 268 consecutive radical prostatectomies undertaken as a curative procedure for clinical localized prostate cancer, we identified 34 cases (12.7%) with ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate comprising 5% to 100% of the total tumor volume. For cases with a ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate component, the mean age at diagnosis of 60 years (range 49-69 years), mean serum prostate-specific antigen of 8.4 ng/mL (range, 0.8-21 ng/mL) and positive surgical margin rate of 17.6% did not differ significantly from that of the pure adenocarcinoma group. All 34 patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate had peripheral zone involvement while 16 (46%) also had transition zone involvement. Twenty-five (73%) cases with ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate had extraprostatic extension (pT3), which compared to 32.9% with acinar adenocarcinoma. The presence of ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate (P < .0001), high tumor volume (P = .001) and Gleason score >7 (P = .04) significantly predicted pT3 staging category, and the presence of ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate remained a significant predictor for pT3, after adjusting for tumor volume and Gleason score >7. The proportion of ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate did not significantly modify the strength of the observed association with pathological stage. In view of the significant association with extraprostatic extension we would recommend that in both core biopsies and radical prostatectomy specimens any proportion of ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate should be reported.
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PMID:Any proportion of ductal adenocarcinoma in radical prostatectomy specimens predicts extraprostatic extension. 2123 85


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