Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P52742 (pT3)
 1,034 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the development of a new sensitive nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, using primers derived from the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSM) cDNA sequence, to detect an hematogenous spread of prostate adenocarcinoma cells. In 60 patients with a biopsy-proven prostate cancer, PSM and PSA RT-PCR detected circulating prostate cells in 40 and 20 patients, respectively. In pT4 M+ and pT3 M+ disease patients, nested PSM primers detected cells in 28 of 33 patients (85%), whereas nested PSA primers detected cells in 17 of 33 (51%). In patients with organ-confined cancer spread (pT2a and pT2b patients) before radical prostatectomy, nested PSM RT-PCR detected circulating prostatic epithelial cells in 6 of 17 patients (35%), which suggests that an hematogenous spread of prostate cells may occur early in prostate cancer history. Altogether, these results suggest that the detection of PSM-expressing cells in blood may predict the development of cancer in patients without clinically apparent prostate cancer. Nevertheless, the potential application and the clinical significance of detection of hematogenous prostate cells through the use of nested PSM primers need an extensive longitudinal study.
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PMID:Enhanced detection of hematogenous circulating prostatic cells in patients with prostate adenocarcinoma by using nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay based on prostate-specific membrane antigen. 749 5

In a prospective study, 288 consecutive patients without evidence for prostatic carcinoma at digital rectal examination (DRE) and scheduled for prostatectomy because of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were examined by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurement prior to surgery. 46 patients were found to have a carcinoma at histological examination of the surgical specimens. 14 carcinomas were detected preoperatively by TRUS and biopsy (10 pT1, 3 pT2, 1 pT3) of 32 patients with suspicious, i.e., hypoechoic, lesions at TRUS. Among the remaining 256 patients with normal findings at TRUS, another 32 carcinomas were found at histological examination of the surgical specimen. Of the 14 carcinomas detected by TRUS, 13 were found within a group of 57 patients with PSA levels > 7 ng/ml corresponding to a cancer detection rate of 22.8% in this group. In 231 patients with PSA < 7 ng/ml, the use of TRUS was successful in detecting only 1 carcinoma (cancer detection rate 0.4%). These results suggest that the use of TRUS is dispensible in 80% of palpably normal patients without affecting the cancer detection rate.
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PMID:Is transrectal ultrasonography needed to rule out prostatic cancer with normal findings at digital rectal examination and normal serum prostate-specific antigen? 750 47

To provide information about long-term outcome after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostatic cancer (stage T2c or lower), we undertook a retrospective analysis of 3,170 consecutive patients (mean age 65.3 +/- 6.4 years, range 31 to 81) with a mean followup of 5 years. Complication rates for patients who underwent prostatectomy before 1988 were compared with those who underwent radical prostatectomy more recently. Of the patients 49 (1.5%), 178 (5.6%), 897 (28%) and 2,047 (65%) had clinical stages T1a, T1b, T2a and T2b,c disease, respectively. The Gleason score was 3 or less in 292 patients (9%) and 7 or greater in 782 (25%). Overall, 438 patients (14%) died, 159 (5%) of cancer. The crude 10 and 15-year survival rates for all patients were 75% and 60%, respectively, which is comparable to the expected survival of a control group (67% and 46%). The cause specific survival rates were 90% and 82%, respectively, metastasis-free survival rates 82% and 76%, local recurrence-free survival rates 83% and 75%, overall recurrence-free rates 72% and 61%, and overall recurrence plus prostate specific antigen progression-free (greater than 0.2 ng./ml.) rates 52% and 40%, respectively. Clinical stage did not significantly affect survival but tumor grade was associated: 10 and 15-year cause specific survival rates were 95% and 93%, respectively, for a Gleason score of 3 or less, 90% and 82%, respectively, for a score of 4 to 6, and 82% and 71%, respectively, for a score of 7 or more. Of all patients 26% received adjuvant treatment (hormonal and/or radiation) within 3 months postoperatively because of advanced local pathological stage (pT3 or higher) or margin positive disease. The 30-day mortality rate was 0.3% (0% for 1,728 patients who underwent surgery in 1988 or later). Only 1 patient in the 70 year or older age group died during hospitalization. Complications decreased with time. In a contemporary group the complications were rectal injury in 0.6% of the patients, colostomy in 0.06%, myocardial infarction in 0.4%, deep venous thrombosis in 1.1%, pulmonary embolism in 0.7% and total urinary incontinence (3 or more pads per day) in 0.8%. Recent intraoperative blood loss was a median of 600 ml., and the incidence of recent need for any transfusion was 31% and it is presently less than 5%. In this series patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer were usually healthy and, thus, had low co-morbidity. Survival rates at 10 and 15 years compare favorably with those of an age-matched control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Long-term (15 years) results after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized (stage T2c or lower) prostate cancer. 793 40

Expression of the MAGE genes encoding tumor-rejection antigens on HLA-A1 and -Cw1601 recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes was investigated in esophageal carcinomas at the mRNA level by the semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. MAGE-1 and -2 genes, but not MAGE-3, -3/-6 and -4a/-4b genes, were expressed in substantial proportions of the primary esophageal carcinomas and their metastatic lymph nodes. The proportion of MAGE-positive samples in the primary esophageal carcinomas correlated with the T factor of the TNM classification (pT1: 2 of 12 tumors, pT2: 1 of 6, pT3: 12 of 29, and pT4: 7 of 18). These results have important implications for specific immunotherapy of esophageal carcinomas using MAGE-1 gene product.
Jpn J Cancer Res 1995 Aug
PMID:Expression of MAGE-1 gene by esophageal carcinomas. 755 92

The general term "carcinoma of the gastric cardia" includes three different types of adenocarcinomas. Carcinoma of the distal oesophagus (Type I), true carcinoma of the cardia (Type II) and subcardial gastric carcinoma (Type III). The preoperative classification of these carcinomas of the gastro-oesophageal junction is primarily based on radiologic and endoscopic examination. The most accurate method for preoperative staging is endosonography; if this shows that complete tumour resection is not possible, preoperative chemotherapy for downstaging of the tumour is suggested. As the serosal cover on the back wall of the cardia and the gastric fundus is lacking, the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) pT2 classification includes wall penetrating tumours which would be equivalent to pT3 in other parts of the stomach. For prognostic reasons these advanced carcinomas should be classified as pT2b in contradistinction to tumours limited to the muscularis propria (pT2a). The results of surgical resection of 445 carcinomas of the gastric cardia are presented (Type I 38%, Type II 28%, Type III 34%). The overall 30-day and 90-day mortality rates were 4.9% and 10.4%, respectively. Long term survival after resection of carcinoma of the gastric cardia was mainly associated with complete tumour removal, limited wall penetration and absence of lymph node metastases. Patients with Type I cancers showed a tendency for a better outcome compared to Type II and III because of a higher percentage of early cancers and a higher rate of complete tumour resection.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the gastric cardia. 757 79

Determined were long-term results of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin (M-VAC) adjuvant chemotherapy following radical surgery for locally invasive urothelial cancers. All cases at least histologically exhibited one of the following findings, a stage beyond pT3b (bladder cancer) or pT3 (upper tract urothelial cancer), lymph duct tumor involvement (ly +), venous involvement (V +), and/or regional lymph node involvement (N1) without any evidence of distant metastasis and/or residual tumors. Two cycles of M-VAC chemotherapy were given after radical surgery for each case. A total of 33 cases comprising 21 bladder cancers and 12 upper tract urothelial cancers following cystectomy and/or nephroureterectomy with partial cystectomy who had a mean follow-up period of 56.7 +/- 9.2 months could be analyzed. Overall actuarial survival rates of three- and five-years estimated by Kaplan-Meier method were respectively 41.9% and 31.6%. These results indicate that the postoperative outcome was extremely poor in patients with locally advanced urothelial cancer even after extensive adjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, more effective modalities including optimal dose and scheduling of chemotherapy are needed to assure therapeutic improvement of locally invasive urothelial cancers.
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PMID:[Clinical efficacy of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin adjuvant chemotherapy following radical surgery for locally invasive urothelial cancers: long-term results]. 759 77

Radical prostatectomy is the effective treatment for clinical T2 prostatic cancer. However, clinical T2 stage is often understaged preoperatively. The objective of neoadjuvant therapy is to increase the curability of surgery to understaged patients. The present study was based on patients who had had neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (LH-RH agonist) prior to radical nerve-sparing prostatectomy for T2 prostatic cancer. Sexual function were estimated before and after surgery. Ten patients with a mean age of 64.6 years (range 57-71 years) and biopsy-proven cancer received this treatment modality. No patients had evidence of lymph node metastasis by the pelvic computerized tomography and their bone scan was negative for metastasis. Clinical stage was T2a in 3 patients and T2b in 7. The grade of these tumors as assessed on prostatic biopsy before neoadjuvant endocrine treatment was well differentiated in 3 and moderately differentiated in 7. The duration of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy was 3.6 months (range 2-5 months) in average. Serum levels of prostatic specific antigen (PSA) were examined monthly and prostate volume was measured by transrectal ultrasonography before and after neoadjuvant treatment. Decrease in serum PSA values was observed from an average level of 8.6 ng/ml (range 3.1-17.5 ng/ml) determined prior to neoadjuvant treatment to an average of 1.1 ng/ml (range 0.6-3.3 ng/ml) determined after neoadjuvant treatment. An average reduction of prostatic volume was 25.3% (range 7.4-56.7%) after neoadjuvant therapy. Pathological effects of the neoadjuvant therapy by the criteria proposed by Japanese Urological Association were Grade (G) 0a in 3 patients, G0b in 4, G1 in 2 and G2 in 1. Of patients who had 10 stage T2 cancer before treatment, 4 had pT2 and 6 pT3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy prior to nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy in patients with stage T2 prostatic cancer]. 763 43

Significance of surgical extirpation of a massive tumor involving adjacent viscera is still controversial, because this sort of extensive resection is unusual and its results are poor in terms of a short survival time. Here, we summarize the clinical courses of 7 patients who had been diagnosed as invasive renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and undergone extensive resection of the bowel and/or other adjacent visceras. In addition, a percentage of patients who had direct invasion and/or metastasis to adjacent viscera in routine autopsies was looked up in the Annual Report of the Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan. Pathological diagnosis indicated that direct invasion was confirmed in 4 out of 7 patients. One patient was relieved from septic shock due to pelvicocolic fistula caused by a direct invasion of RCC. New metastases developed in all patients after the radical operation (2 - 30 mos), and 3 of them further underwent resection of the metastastic lesion(s). Although 5 patients ultimately died of cancer or its related diseases (mean survival time: 14.2 +/- 10.7 mos), other 2 (pT4 and pT3) who underwent resection of lung metastasis have survived for 19 and 72 months. Either an early occurrence of metastasis after local resection or a tumor predominantly composing of spindle cells might indicate a poor prognosis. Surgical extirpation should not be precluded when the patient is having severe symptoms related to extensive involvement of the adjacent visceras. We believe that it is appropriate to individualize in case of choosing patients for such extended radical surgery.
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PMID:[Study on clinical courses of 7 patients undergone resection of adjacent organs in the treatment of locally extensive renal cell carcinoma]. 763 49

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play a pivotal role in the mitogenic signal transduction pathway and are essential components of the MAPK cascade, which includes MEK (also known as MAP kinase kinase), Raf-1, and Ras. In this study, we examined whether constitutive activation of the MAPK cascade was associated with the carcinogenesis of human renal cell carcinomas in a series of 25 tumors and in corresponding normal kidneys. Constitutive activation of MAPKs in tumor tissue, as determined by the appearance of phosphorylated forms, was found in 12 cases (48%), and this activation was confirmed by a direct in vitro kinase assay of immunoprecipitate using myelin basic protein as the substrate. The phosphorylation of MEK and of Raf-1, as monitored by a mobility shift in SDS-PAGE, which is reportedly associated with the activation of these kinases, occurred in 9 of 18 cases (50%) and in 6 of 11 cases (55%) respectively. The activation of MAPKs was correlated with MEK activation (P = 0.0045) and with Raf-1 activation (P = 0.067). Furthermore, overexpression of MEK was found in 13 of 25 cases (52%) by Western blot analysis, and this overexpression was associated significantly with MAPK activation (P = 0.034). No mutations were noted in H-,K-, or N-ras genes by PCR direct sequencing in any of the 25 tumor samples. Of the patients studied, 8 of 18 (44%) stage pT2 patients and four of six (67%) stage pT3 patients showed MAPK activation. The single stage pT1 patient did not evidence MAPK activation. Furthermore, one of seven (14%) grade 1 patients, 9 of 13 (69%) grade 2 patients, and two of five (40%) grade 3 patients showed MAPK activation (grade 1 versus grades 2 and 3, P = 0.046). Our results suggest that constitutive activation of MAPKs may be associated with the carcinogenesis of human RCCs.
Cancer Res 1995 Sep 15
PMID:Constitutive activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in human renal cell carcinoma. 766 95

The prognostic influence of blood-vessel invasion (BVI), lymphatic-vessel invasion (LVI) and neural invasion (NI) was evaluated retrospectively in a series of 161 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus who underwent esophageal resection. Evidence of BVI, LVI and NI was found in 32.9%, 48.5% and 26.1%, respectively. Incidence of BVI, LVI and NI was significantly higher in high pT categories (pT3 and pT4) than in low pT categories (pT1 and pT2) and in patients with distant metastases than in patients without distant metastases. Incidence of LVI and NI in lymph-node-positive patients was significantly higher than in lymph-node-negative patients. The 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in patients with BVI or LVI than in patients without BVI or LVI. Patients with evidence of NI showed no significant differences in 5-year survival from patients without evidence of NI. By stepwise multivariate Cox regression analysis, BVI and LVI were shown to be independent prognostic factors. A search for vascular invasion may therefore provide additional prognostic precision in SCC of the esophagus.
Int J Cancer 1995 May 04
PMID:Incidence and prognostic significance of vascular and neural invasion in squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus. 772 44


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