Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P51812 (mitogen-activated protein)
 10,636 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Leaf wounding and the wound signaling peptide systemin induce expression of wound response genes while the fungal toxin fusicoccin (FC) induces expression of pathogenesis-related genes. Consistent with their functional differences, FC and systemin regulate the extracellular pH in opposite ways, with systemin inducing an alkalinization and FC an acidification response. Here we show that systemin, wounding and FC activate the same mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs; MPKs) MPK1 and 2 in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) leaves and L. peruvianum suspension-cultured cells. Wounding and FC activated an additional MAPK, MPK3. Pronounced differences were observed with regard to MAPK activation kinetics. FC induced prolonged, and systemin transient activity of the MAPKs. This shows that functionally different elicitors engage the same signaling components, yet induce signal-specific activation dynamics. A comparative analysis of pH effects and MAPK activity in response to specific treatments revealed that the kinetics of pH changes and MAPK activation did not correlate. Simultaneous application of FC and systemin did not lead to immediate pH changes but resulted in rapid increases in MAPK activity. Furthermore, changes in extracellular pH could be induced without concomitant MAPK activation by exchanging conditioned medium with fresh medium. This shows that changes in the extracellular pH are neither required nor sufficient for MAPK activation, suggesting that signaling pathways involving MAPKs and extracellular pH changes operate in parallel and are not part of the same linear pathway.
 ...
PMID:Changes in extracellular pH are neither required nor sufficient for activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in response to systemin and fusicoccin in tomato. 1710 47

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers. It is believed that tumor production of various immune suppressive mediators contributes to massively impaired immune functions, but the underlying signal transduction pathways are mostly unknown. Phosphorylation levels of MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase p38 were analyzed in permanent cell lines as well as in solid tumor tissue of HNSCC using flow cytometry and SDS-PAGE. Cytokine secretion was determined using the Cytometric Bead Array Flex Set system. MAP kinase p38 was shown to be activated in HNSCC by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Activation of p38 led to decreased cell proliferation and increased secretion of cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in HNSCC. Our data provide novel insights into the origin of the HNSCC microenvironment. A better understanding of these molecular mechanisms in HNSCC is essential for novel drug development and improvement of the clinical perspective of this tumor type.
 ...
PMID:Increased cytokine secretion in head and neck cancer upon p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. 1798 98

Despite expanded research in stem cell biology, little is known about the mechanisms underlying migration, growth, and differentiation of adipose-derived adult mesenchymal stem cells (ASC). The simultaneous measurement of intracellular pathways opens new avenues to gain further insights in these processes. We used the Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) Flex Set technology to simultaneously analyze protein phosphorylation after stimulation of ASC and compared the results with data generated by corresponding Western blots. Signal transduction of ASC was stimulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and analyzed by determining phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK, p38, and JNK by Western blotting and CBA. After incubation with EGF, all MAPKs were significantly but differentially phosphorylated depending on time and dose. Furthermore, the ERK-response was abolished by EGF-R antagonist AG 1478 and kinase inhibitor PD98059, whereas p38 and JNK were only inhibited by AG1478. The stimulation and inhibition profiles between the two assays were highly comparable and the data were significantly correlated. In the present study we demonstrated that the CBA technology offers a reliable and convenient method for multiplexing of phospho-proteins in the evaluation of signal transduction pathways of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
 ...
PMID:Simultaneous detection of ERK-, p38-, and JNK-MAPK phosphorylation in human adipose-derived stem cells using the Cytometric Bead Array technology. 1973 75

Blast disease destroys up to 30% of the rice crop annually and threatens global food security. The blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae invades plant tissue with hyphae that proliferate and grow from cell to cell, often through pit fields, where plasmodesmata cluster. We showed that chemical genetic inhibition of a single fungal mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, Pmk1, prevents M. oryzae from infecting adjacent plant cells, leaving the fungus trapped within a single plant cell. Pmk1 regulates expression of secreted fungal effector proteins implicated in suppression of host immune defenses, preventing reactive oxygen species generation and excessive callose deposition at plasmodesmata. Furthermore, Pmk1 controls the hyphal constriction required for fungal growth from one rice cell to the neighboring cell, enabling host tissue colonization and blast disease.
 ...
PMID:A single fungal MAP kinase controls plant cell-to-cell invasion by the rice blast fungus. 2964 14