Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P51532 (transcriptional activator)
 6,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bordetella bronchiseptica is a common ureolytic mammalian respiratory pathogen. The urease operon of this organism is encoded within an 8.9 kb DNA fragment which contains the structural genes (ureA, ureB and ureC) and accessory genes (ureD and ureG) homologous to other urease genes. Uniquely, the ureE and ureF genes are fused to form a hybrid protein, UreEF, which may result in tighter coordination of the putative functions of the individual accessory genes, nickel donation to the urease active site, and prevention of nickel incorporation until correct formation of the active site, respectively. The operon contains an additional open reading frame, UreJ, found only also in the Alcaligenes eutrophus urease operon. UreJ is also 37% homologous with HupE from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae, and may potentially be involved in nickel transport. A transcriptional activator, designated Bordetella bronchiseptica urease regulator (BbuR), is located directly upstream and in the opposite orientation to the urease operon. BbuR shares homology with members of the LysR regulatory protein family. LysR proteins have been shown to regulate urease in Klebsiella aerogenes (NAC), and catalase in Escherichia coli (OxyR), which offers the intracellular bacterium protection from phagolysosome damage. A putative BbuR binding site (5'-ATA-N9-TAT-3'), identical to the NAC-binding consensus sequence, was found 27 bp upstream of the urease promoter in B. bronchiseptica. We hypothesise that BbuR controls urease expression which is involved in protection of intracellular B. bronchiseptica from phagolysosomal damage. Comparison of the urease promoter regions of B. bronchiseptica, Bordetella parapertussis ATCC15311 and the urease-negative strain B. pertussis Tohama I revealed no differences in the ureD open reading frame between each species. A cluster of mutations in both B. pertussis and B. parapertussis was found upstream of the urease promoter, in a region proximal to the putative bbuR promoter. The inability of B. pertussis to produce urease may therefore reflect mutations in regulatory elements, and not mutations in the urease locus itself.
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PMID:Characterisation of the urease gene cluster in Bordetella bronchiseptica. 952 76

An Arabidopsis protein was found to interact specifically with the capsid protein (CP) of turnip crinkle virus (TCV) through yeast two-hybrid screening. This protein, designated TIP (for TCV-interacting protein), was found to be a member of the recently recognized NAC family of proteins. NAC proteins have been implicated in the regulation of development of plant embryos and flowers. TIP alone was able to activate expression of reporter genes in yeast if fused to a DNA binding domain, suggesting that it may be a transcriptional activator. The TIP binding region in the TCV CP has been mapped to the N-terminal 25 amino acids. Site-directed mutagenesis within this region revealed that loss of the TIP-CP interaction in the yeast two-hybrid assay correlated with loss of the ability of TCV to induce the hypersensitive response and resistance in the TCV-resistant Arabidopsis ecotype Dijon (Di-0 and its inbred line Di-17). These data suggest that TIP is an essential component in the TCV resistance response pathway.
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PMID:HRT gene function requires interaction between a NAC protein and viral capsid protein to confer resistance to turnip crinkle virus. 1104 86

Arabidopsis thaliana RD26 cDNA, isolated from dehydrated plants, encodes a NAC protein. Expression of the RD26 gene was induced not only by drought but also by abscisic acid (ABA) and high salinity. The RD26 protein is localized in the nucleus and its C terminal has transcriptional activity. Transgenic plants overexpressing RD26 were highly sensitive to ABA, while RD26-repressed plants were insensitive. The results of microarray analysis showed that ABA- and stress-inducible genes are upregulated in the RD26-overexpressed plants and repressed in the RD26-repressed plants. Furthermore, RD26 activated a promoter of its target gene in Arabidopsis protoplasts. These results indicate that RD26 functions as a transcriptional activator in ABA-inducible gene expression under abiotic stress in plants.
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PMID:A dehydration-induced NAC protein, RD26, is involved in a novel ABA-dependent stress-signaling pathway. 1534 29

Secondary walls in fibers and tracheary elements constitute the most abundant biomass produced by plants. Although a number of genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary wall components have been characterized, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the coordinated expression of these genes. Here, we demonstrate that the Arabidopsis thaliana NAC (for NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) domain transcription factor, SND1 (for secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein), is a key transcriptional switch regulating secondary wall synthesis in fibers. We show that SND1 is expressed specifically in interfascicular fibers and xylary fibers in stems and that dominant repression of SND1 causes a drastic reduction in the secondary wall thickening of fibers. Ectopic overexpression of SND1 results in activation of the expression of secondary wall biosynthetic genes, leading to massive deposition of secondary walls in cells that are normally nonsclerenchymatous. In addition, we have found that SND1 upregulates the expression of several transcription factors that are highly expressed in fibers during secondary wall synthesis. Together, our results reveal that SND1 is a key transcriptional activator involved in secondary wall biosynthesis in fibers.
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PMID:SND1, a NAC domain transcription factor, is a key regulator of secondary wall synthesis in fibers of Arabidopsis. 1711 48

The ZFHD recognition sequence (ZFHDRS) and NAC recognition sequence (NACRS) play an important role in the dehydration-inducible expression of the Arabidopsisthaliana EARLY RESPONSIVETO DEHYDRATION STRESS 1 (ERD1) gene. Using the yeast one-hybrid system, we isolated a cDNA encoding the ZFHD1 transcriptional activator that specifically binds to the 62 bp promoter region of ERD1, which contains the ZFHDRS. Both in vitro and in vivo analyses confirmed specific binding of the ZFHD1 to ZFHDRS, and the expression of ZFHD1 was induced by drought, high salinity and abscisic acid. The DNA-binding and activation domains of ZFHD1 were localized on the C-terminal homeodomain and N-terminal zinc finger domain, respectively. Microarray analysis of transgenic plants over-expressing ZFHD1 revealed that several stress-inducible genes were upregulated in the transgenic plants. Transgenic plants exhibited a smaller morphological phenotype and had a significant improvement of drought stress tolerance. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we detected an interaction between ZFHD1 and NACRS-binding NAC proteins. Moreover, co-over-expression of the ZFHD1 and NAC genes restored the morphological phenotype of the transgenic plants to a near wild-type state and enhanced expression of ERD1 in both Arabidopsis T87 protoplasts and transgenic Arabidopsis plants.
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PMID:Co-expression of the stress-inducible zinc finger homeodomain ZFHD1 and NAC transcription factors enhances expression of the ERD1 gene in Arabidopsis. 1723 95

Vascular plants evolved to have xylem that provides physical support for their growing body and serves as a conduit for water and nutrient transport. In a previous study, we used comparative-transcriptome analyses to select a group of genes that were upregulated in xylem of Arabidopsis plants undergoing secondary growth. Subsequent analyses identified a plant-specific NAC-domain transcription factor gene (ANAC012) as a candidate for genetic regulation of xylem formation. Promoter-GUS analyses showed that ANAC012 expression was preferentially localized in the (pro)cambium region of inflorescence stem and root. Using yeast transactivation analyses, we confirmed the function of ANAC012 as a transcriptional activator, and identified an activation domain in the C terminus. Ectopic overexpression of ANAC012 in Arabidopsis (35S::ANAC012 plants) dramatically suppressed secondary wall deposition in the xylary fiber and slightly increased cell-wall thickness in the xylem vessels. Cellulose compositions of the cell wall were decreased in the inflorescent stems and roots of 35S::ANAC012 plants, probably resulting from defects in xylary fiber formation. Our data suggest that ANAC012 may act as a negative regulator of secondary wall thickening in xylary fibers.
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PMID:ANAC012, a member of the plant-specific NAC transcription factor family, negatively regulates xylary fiber development in Arabidopsis thaliana. 1756 17

The OsNAC6 gene is a member of the NAC transcription factor gene family in rice. Expression of OsNAC6 is induced by abiotic stresses, including cold, drought and high salinity. OsNAC6 gene expression is also induced by wounding and blast disease. A transactivation assay using a yeast system demonstrated that OsNAC6 functions as a transcriptional activator, and transient localization studies with OsNAC6-sGFP fusion protein revealed its nuclear localization. Transgenic rice plants over-expressing OsNAC6 constitutively exhibited growth retardation and low reproductive yields. These transgenic rice plants showed an improved tolerance to dehydration and high-salt stresses, and also exhibited increased tolerance to blast disease. By utilizing stress-inducible promoters, such as the OsNAC6 promoter, it is hoped that stress-inducible over-expression of OsNAC6 in rice can improve stress tolerance by suppressing the negative effects of OsNAC6 on growth under normal growth conditions. The results of microarray analysis revealed that many genes that are inducible by abiotic and biotic stresses were upregulated in rice plants over-expressing OsNAC6. A transient transactivation assay showed that OsNAC6 activates the expression of at least two genes, including a gene encoding peroxidase. Collectively, these results indicate that OsNAC6 functions as a transcriptional activator in response to abiotic and biotic stresses in plants. We conclude that OsNAC6 may serve as a useful biotechnological tool for the improvement of stress tolerance in various kinds of plants.
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PMID:Functional analysis of a NAC-type transcription factor OsNAC6 involved in abiotic and biotic stress-responsive gene expression in rice. 1758 5

We demonstrate that the Arabidopsis thaliana MYB46 transcription factor is a direct target of SECONDARY WALL-ASSOCIATED NAC DOMAIN PROTEIN1 (SND1), which is a key transcriptional activator regulating the developmental program of secondary wall biosynthesis. The MYB46 gene is expressed predominantly in fibers and vessels in stems, and its encoded protein is targeted to the nucleus and can activate transcription. MYB46 gene expression was shown to be regulated by SND1, and transactivation analysis demonstrated that SND1 as well as its close homologs were able to activate the MYB46 promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that SND1 binds to the MYB46 promoter. Dominant repression of MYB46 caused a drastic reduction in the secondary wall thickening of fibers and vessels. Overexpression of MYB46 resulted in an activation of the biosynthetic pathways of cellulose, xylan, and lignin and concomitantly led to ectopic deposition of secondary walls in cells that are normally nonsclerenchymatous. In addition, the expression of two secondary wall-associated transcription factors, MYB85 and KNAT7, was highly upregulated by MYB46 overexpression. These results demonstrate that MYB46 is a direct target of SND1 and is another key player in the transcriptional network involved in the regulation of secondary wall biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.
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PMID:The MYB46 transcription factor is a direct target of SND1 and regulates secondary wall biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. 1789 Mar 73

The plant-specific NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) transcription factors play diverse roles in plant development and stress responses. In this study, a rice NAC gene, ONAC045, was functionally characterized, especially with regard to its role in abiotic stress resistance. Expression analysis revealed that ONAC045 was induced by drought, high salt, and low temperature stresses, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment in leaves and roots. Transcriptional activation assay in yeast indicated that ONAC045 functioned as a transcriptional activator. Transient expression of GFP-ONAC045 in onion epidermal cells revealed that ONAC045 protein was localized in the nucleus. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing ONAC045 showed enhanced tolerance to drought and salt treatments. Two stress-responsive genes were upregulated in transgenic rice. Together, these results suggest that ONAC045 encodes a novel stress-responsive NAC transcription factor and is potential useful for engineering drought and salt tolerant rice.
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PMID:Overexpression of a NAC transcription factor enhances rice drought and salt tolerance. 1913 85

NAC transcription factors have been found to play important roles in plant development and responses to environmental stresses. Based on two cDNA libraries constructed from the PEG-treated and -nontreated seedling leaves of chickpea, a NAC gene, CarNAC3, was isolated and characterized. The results indicated that CarNAC3 contained 285 amino acids and had a conserved NAC domain. It was localized in the nucleus and possessed trans-activation activity in the C-terminus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CarNAC3 belonged to the NAP (NAC-like, activated by APETALA3/PISTILLATA) subgroup of the NAC protein family. CarNAC3 exhibited organ-specific expression and its induction was strongly dependent on leaf age. CarNAC3 showed differential expression patterns during seed development and germination, and could be significantly induced by drought stress, abscisic acid (ABA), ethephon (Et) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), but was inhibited by N-6-benzyl-adenine (6-BA). Our data suggest that CarNAC3 may be a transcriptional activator involved in drought stress response and various developmental processes.
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PMID:A NAC transcription factor gene of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum), CarNAC3, is involved in drought stress response and various developmental processes. 1959 78


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