Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P51532 (transcriptional activator)
 6,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A previous study (Govezensky, D., Greener, T., and Zamir, A. (1991) J. Bacteriol. 20, 6339-6346) indicated that the chaperonin GroEL was required for maximal expression from nif promoters in Klebsiella pneumoniae and nif-transformed Escherichia coli. That this requirement stemmed from the ability of GroEL to properly fold NifA, the nif transcriptional activator, was first supported by co-immunoprecipitation of NifA in K. pneumoniae extracts with anti-GroEL antibodies. In the present in vitro study, NifA, partially purified from E. coli overexpressing the protein, was diluted from a 6 M urea solution into a refolding buffer in the presence or absence of GroEL. Dilution in the absence of GroEL caused the complete precipitation of NifA. When present in the dilution buffer, GroEL bound NifA and maintained it in a soluble state. GroEL was also found to bind NifA newly synthesized in an in vitro translation system. For both NifA preparations, cochaperonin GroES and ATP promoted release of NifA from GroEL. These results provide evidence for the association of NifA with GroEL and for the role of both GroEL and GroES in the solubilization and thereby folding of the nif transcriptional activator.
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PMID:Chaperonins as potential gene regulatory factors. In vitro interaction and solubilization of NifA, the nif transcriptional activator, with GroEL. 791 Jun 8

The key enzyme in methane metabolism is methane monooxygenase (MMO), which catalyses the oxidation of methane to methanol. Some methanotrophs, including Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath), possess two distinct MMOs. The level of copper in the environment regulates the biosynthesis of the MMO enzymes in these methanotrophs. Under low-copper conditions, soluble MMO (sMMO) is expressed and regulation takes place at the level of transcription. The structural genes of sMMO were previously identified as mmoXYBZ, mmoD and mmoC. Putative transcriptional start sites, containing a sigma(70)- and a sigma(N)-dependent motif, were identified in the 5' region of mmoX. The promoter region of mmoX was mapped using truncated 5' end regions fused to a promoterless green fluorescent protein gene. A 9.5 kb region, adjacent to the sMMO structural gene cluster, was analysed. Downstream (3') from the last gene of the operon, mmoC, four ORFs were found, mmoG, mmoQ, mmoS and mmoR. mmoG shows significant identity to the large subunit of the bacterial chaperonin gene, groEL. In the opposite orientation, two genes, mmoQ and mmoS, showed significant identity to two-component sensor-regulator system genes. Next to mmoS, a gene encoding a putative sigma(N)-dependent transcriptional activator, mmoR was identified. The mmoG and mmoR genes were mutated by marker-exchange mutagenesis and the effects of these mutations on the expression of sMMO was investigated. sMMO transcription was impaired in both mutants. These results indicate that mmoG and mmoR are essential for the expression of sMMO in Mc. capsulatus (Bath).
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PMID:Genes involved in the copper-dependent regulation of soluble methane monooxygenase of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath): cloning, sequencing and mutational analysis. 1285 30

It was shown that the chaperonin GroEL/GroES and protease Lon influence the expression of the Vibrio fischeri lux regulon in Escherichia coli cells: E. coli groE mutants bearing hybrid plasmid with the lux regulon were weakly luminescent; cells of the E. coli lon- comprising the entire lux regulon display very intense bioluminescence, with no lag period in the induction curve characteristic of lon+ strains. The luxR gene was cloned from the Vibrio fischeri genome in the pGEX-KG vector. It was shown that the active fusion protein GST-LuxR by affinity chromatography on glutathione-sucrose colony is purified only with proteins GroEL and Lon. The present results showed that the LuxR, transcriptional activator of the V. fischeri lux operon, really complexes with GroEL chaperonin and Lon protease. We suppose, that the GroEL/GroES chaperonin systems is required for the folding of LuxR into an active protein, and the LuxR is the target for the ATP-dependent serine Lon protease of E. coli.
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PMID:[Role of GroEL/GroES chaperonin system and Lon protease in regulation of expression Vibrio fischeri lux genes in Escherichia coli cells]. 1663 68

Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of a brief voluntary exercise period on the expression pattern and post-translational modification of multiple protein classes in the rat hippocampus using proteomics. An analysis of 80 protein spots of relative high abundance on two-dimensional gels revealed that approximately 90% of the proteins identified were associated with energy metabolism and synaptic plasticity. Exercise up-regulated proteins involved in four aspects of energy metabolism, i.e. glycolysis, ATP synthesis, ATP transduction and glutamate turnover. Specifically, we found increases in fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, mitochondrial ATP synthase, ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase and glutamate dehydrogenase 1. Exercise also up-regulated specific synaptic-plasticity-related proteins, the cytoskeletal protein alpha-internexin and molecular chaperones (chaperonin-containing TCP-1, neuronal protein 22, heat shock 60-kDa protein 1 and heat shock protein 8). Western blot was used to confirm the direction and magnitude of change in ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase, an enzyme essential for transducing mitochondrial-derived ATP to sites of high-energy demand such as the synapse. Protein phosphorylation visualized by Pro-Q Diamond fluorescent staining showed that neurofilament light polypeptide, glial fibrillary acidic protein, heat shock protein 8 and transcriptional activator protein pur-alpha were more intensely phosphorylated with exercise as compared with sedentary control levels. Our results, together with the fact that most of the proteins that we found to be up-regulated have been implicated in cognitive function, support a mechanism by which exercise uses processes of energy metabolism and synaptic plasticity to promote brain health.
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PMID:Exercise affects energy metabolism and neural plasticity-related proteins in the hippocampus as revealed by proteomic analysis. 1698 14