Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P51532 (transcriptional activator)
 6,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Phosphorylation of translation initiation factor 2 alpha is a highly conserved mechanism for down-regulating protein synthesis in response to starvation or stress. The yeast eIF-2 alpha kinase GCN2 is stimulated by deprivation for amino acids or purines. In addition to inhibiting general protein synthesis, GCN2 specifically stimulates translation of GCN4, a transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes. HRI is an eIF-2 alpha kinase that is activated in rabbit reticulocytes by heme-deprivation and stress conditions that elicit the heat-shock response. The eIF-2 alpha kinase DAI is activated by double-stranded RNA during viral infections and is an important component of the interferon response. DAI has also been implicated as a tumor suppressor. These protein kinases provide an important means of coupling the rate of protein synthesis and cell division to environmental conditions.
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PMID:The eIF-2 alpha kinases: regulators of protein synthesis in starvation and stress. 771 Dec 90

Heme is a prosthetic group for numerous enzymes, cytochromes and globins, and it binds tightly, sometimes covalently, to these proteins. Interestingly, heme also potentiates binding of the yeast transcriptional activator HAP1 to DNA and inhibits mitochondrial import of the mammalian delta-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS) and the catalytic activity of the reticulocyte kinase, HRI. All three of these proteins contain a short sequence, the heme regulatory motif (HRM), that occurs six times adjacent to the HAP1 DNA binding domain, twice in the leader targeting sequence of ALAS and twice near the catalytic domain of the HRI kinase. Here we show that a 10 amino acid peptide containing the HRM consensus binds to heme in the micromolar range, and shifts the heme absorption spectrum to a longer wavelength, a direction opposite to the change caused by cytochromes or globins. Further, we show that a single HRM regulates the acidic activation domains of HAP1 and GAL4 independently of regulation of DNA binding of the transcription factors. These findings thus establish a novel heme binding sequence which is structurally distinct from sequences in globins or cytochromes and which has a regulatory function.
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PMID:Heme binds to a short sequence that serves a regulatory function in diverse proteins. 783 42