Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P51532 (transcriptional activator)
 6,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) cross-communicate in the plant immune signaling network to finely regulate induced defenses. In Arabidopsis, SA antagonizes many JA-responsive genes, partly by targeting the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF)-type transcriptional activator ORA59. Members of the ERF transcription factor family typically bind to GCC-box motifs in the promoters of JA- and ethylene-responsive genes, thereby positively or negatively regulating their expression. The GCC-box motif is sufficient for SA-mediated suppression of JA-responsive gene expression. Here, we investigated whether SA-induced ERF-type transcriptional repressors, which may compete with JA-induced ERF-type activators for binding at the GCC-box, play a role in SA/JA antagonism. We selected ERFs that are transcriptionally induced by SA and/or possess an EAR transcriptional repressor motif. Several of the 16 ERFs tested suppressed JA-dependent gene expression, as revealed by enhanced JA-induced PDF1.2 or VSP2 expression levels in the corresponding erf mutants, while others were involved in activation of these genes. However, SA could antagonize JA-induced PDF1.2 or VSP2 in all erf mutants, suggesting that the tested ERF transcriptional repressors are not required for SA/JA cross-talk. Moreover, a mutant in the co-repressor TOPLESS, that showed reduction in repression of JA signaling, still displayed SA-mediated antagonism of PDF1.2 and VSP2. Collectively, these results suggest that SA-regulated ERF transcriptional repressors are not essential for antagonism of JA-responsive gene expression by SA. We further show that de novo SA-induced protein synthesis is required for suppression of JA-induced PDF1.2, pointing to SA-stimulated production of an as yet unknown protein that suppresses JA-induced transcription.
 ...
PMID:Assessing the Role of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR Transcriptional Repressors in Salicylic Acid-Mediated Suppression of Jasmonic Acid-Responsive Genes. 2783 94

Hormonal crosstalk is central for tailoring plant responses to the nature of challenges encountered. The role of antagonism between the two major defense hormones, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), and modulation of this interplay by ethylene (ET) in favor of JA signaling pathway in plant stress responses is well recognized, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show the opposing function of two transcription factors, ethylene insensitive3 (EIN3) and EIN3-Like1 (EIL1), in SA-mediated suppression and JA-mediated activation of PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 (PDF1.2). This functional duality is mediated via their effect on protein, not transcript levels of the PDF1.2 transcriptional activator octadecanoid-responsive Arabidopsis59 (ORA59). Specifically, JA induces ORA59 protein levels independently of EIN3/EIL1, whereas SA reduces the protein levels dependently of EIN3/EIL1. Co-infiltration assays revealed nuclear co-localization of ORA59 and EIN3, and split-luciferase together with yeast-two-hybrid assays established their physical interaction. The functional ramification of the physical interaction is EIN3-dependent degradation of ORA59 by the 26S proteasome. These findings allude to SA-responsive reduction of ORA59 levels mediated by EIN3 binding to and targeting of ORA59 for degradation, thus nominating ORA59 pool as a coordination node for the antagonistic function of ET/JA and SA.
 ...
PMID:ORA59 and EIN3 interaction couples jasmonate-ethylene synergistic action to antagonistic salicylic acid regulation of PDF expression. 2867 97

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) worldwide. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of a novel ethylene response factor (ERF) gene, OsERF83, which was expressed in rice leaves in response to rice blast fungus infection. OsERF83 expression was also induced by treatments with methyl jasmonate, ethephon, and salicylic acid, indicating that multiple phytohormones could be involved in the regulation of OsERF83 expression under biotic stress. Subcellular localization and transactivation analyses demonstrated that OsERF83 is a nucleus-localized transcriptional activator. A gel-shift assay using recombinant OsERF83 protein indicated that, like other ERFs, it binds to the GCC box. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsERF83 exhibited significantly suppressed lesion formation after rice blast infection, indicating that OsERF83 positively regulates disease resistance in rice. Genes encoding several classes of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, including PR1, PR2, PR3, PR5, and PR10, were upregulated in the OsERF83ox plants. Taken together, our findings show that OsERF83 is a novel ERF transcription factor that confers blast resistance by regulating the expression of defense-related genes in rice.
 ...
PMID:The rice ethylene response factor OsERF83 positively regulates disease resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae. 3059 Feb 60

NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) proteins are the plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) which are important in plant response to abiotic stresses. However, knowledge about the functional role that NACs play in pepper abiotic stress tolerance is limited. In this study, we isolated a NAC TF gene, CaNAC035, from pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), where the protein is localized in the nucleus and functions as a transcriptional activator. CaNAC035 expression is induced by low and high temperatures, osmotic stress, salt, gibberellic acid (GA), methyl-jasmonic acid (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), and abscisic acid (ABA). To understand the function of CaNAC035 in the abiotic stress responsep, we used virus-induced gene silencing in pepper to knockdown the CaNAC035 and overexpressed the CaNAC035 in Arabidopsis. The results showed that pepper seedlings in which CaNAC035 was silenced, showed more damage than the control pepper plants after cold, NaCl, and mannitol treatments. Correspondingly increased electrolyte leakage, a higher level of malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, and superoxide radicals were found after cold treatments. CaNAC035-silenced seedlings exhibited lower chlorophyll content while CaNAC035-overexpressed Arabidopsis plants had higher germination rate and fresh weight after mannitol and NaCl treatments. We also reported 18 proteins that potentially interact with CaNAC035 and may participate in processes such as the stress response, resistance, and photosynthesis. Our results suggest that CaNAC035 is a positive regulator of abiotic stress tolerance in pepper which acts through multiple signaling pathways.
 ...
PMID:Molecular and Functional Characterization of CaNAC035, an NAC Transcription Factor From Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). 3211 64

Vascular plant one-zinc-finger (VOZ) transcription factor, a plant specific one-zinc-finger-type transcriptional activator, is involved in regulating numerous biological processes such as floral induction and development, defense against pathogens, and response to multiple types of abiotic stress. Six VOZ transcription factor-encoding genes (GmVOZs) have been reported to exist in the soybean (Glycine max) genome. In spite of this, little information is currently available regarding GmVOZs. In this study, GmVOZs were cloned and characterized. GmVOZ genes encode proteins possessing transcriptional activation activity in yeast cells. GmVOZ1E, GmVOZ2B, and GmVOZ2D gene products were widely dispersed in the cytosol, while GmVOZ1G was primarily located in the nucleus. GmVOZs displayed a differential expression profile under dehydration, salt, and salicylic acid (SA) stress conditions. Among them, GmVOZ1G showed a significantly induced expression in response to all stress treatments. Overexpression of GmVOZ1G in soybean hairy roots resulted in a greater tolerance to drought and salt stress. In contrast, RNA interference (RNAi) soybean hairy roots suppressing GmVOZ1G were more sensitive to both of these stresses. Under drought treatment, soybean composite plants with an overexpression of hairy roots had higher relative water content (RWC). In response to drought and salt stress, lower malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and higher peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were observed in soybean composite seedlings with an overexpression of hairy roots. The opposite results for each physiological parameter were obtained in RNAi lines. In conclusion, GmVOZ1G positively regulates drought and salt stress tolerance in soybean hairy roots. Our results will be valuable for the functional characterization of soybean VOZ transcription factors under abiotic stress.
 ...
PMID:Expression Analyses of Soybean VOZ Transcription Factors and the Role of GmVOZ1G in Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance. 3224 76

In this study, the disease resistance gene PlWRKY65 was isolated from the leaves of Paeonia lactiflora and analyzed by bioinformatics methods, and the localization of the encoded protein was explored. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was also used to explore the response of this gene to Alternaria tenuissima. The results showed that the gene sequence contained multiple cis-acting elements involved in the response to hormone signaling molecules belonging to the IIe subgroup of the WRKY family, and the encoded proteins were located in the nucleus. The PlWRKY65 gene has a positive regulatory effect on A. tenuissima infection. After silencing the PlWRKY65 gene via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), it was found that the gene-silenced plants were more sensitive to A. tenuissima infection than the wild plants, exhibiting more severe infection symptoms and different degrees of changes in the expression of the pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. In addition, we showed that the endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) content of P. lactiflora was increased in response to A. tenuissima infection, whereas the salicylic acid (SA) content decreased. After PlWRKY65 gene silencing, the levels of the two hormones changed accordingly, indicating that PlWRKY65, acting as a disease resistance-related transcriptional activator, exerts a regulatory effect on JA and SA signals. This study lays the foundation for functional research on WRKY genes in P. lactiflora and for the discovery of candidate disease resistance genes.
 ...
PMID:The WRKY transcription factor PlWRKY65 enhances the resistance of Paeonia lactiflora (herbaceous peony) to Alternaria tenuissima. 3228 69

WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are a large plant-specific family of TFs that govern development and biotic/abiotic stress responses in plants. We have identified SlWRKY23 as a gene primarily expressed in roots. SlWRKY23 encodes a protein of 320 amino acids that functions as a transcriptional activator. It is transcriptionally up-regulated by ethylene, BAP and salicylic acid treatment but suppressed by IAA. Expression of SlWRKY23 in transgenic Arabidopsis affects sensitivity of roots to ethylene, JA and auxin with transgenic plants showing hypersensitivity to ethylene, JA and auxin-mediated primary root growth inhibition. This hypersensitivity is correlated with higher expression of ERF1 and ARF5 that mediate responses to these hormones. SlWRKY23 expression also affects aerial growth with transgenic plants showing greater number of leaves but smaller rosettes. Flowering time is reduced in transgenic lines and these plants also show a greater number of inflorescence branches, siliques and seeds. The siliques are longer and compactly packed with seeds but seeds are smaller in size. Root biomass shows a 25% decrease in transgenic SlWRKY23 Arabidopsis plants at harvest compared with controls. The studies show that SlWRKY23 regulates plant growth possibly through modulation of genes controlling hormone responses.
 ...
PMID:Expression of the tomato WRKY gene, SlWRKY23, alters root sensitivity to ethylene, auxin and JA and affects aerial architecture in transgenic Arabidopsis. 3254 82

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and salicylic acid (SA) are two factors regulating leaf senescence and defense against pathogens. However, how a single gene integrates both ROS and SA pathways remains poorly understood. Here, we show that Arabidopsis WRKY55 transcription factor positively regulates ROS and SA accumulation, and thus leaf senescence and resistance against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae WRKY55 is predominantly expressed in senescent leaves and encodes a transcriptional activator localized to nuclei. Both inducible and constitutive overexpression of WRKY55 accelerates leaf senescence, whereas mutants delay it. Transcriptomic sequencing identified 1448 differentially expressed genes, of which 1157 genes are upregulated by WRKY55 expression. Accordingly, the ROS and SA contents in WRKY55-overexpressing plants are higher than those in control plants, whereas the opposite occurs in mutants. Moreover, WRKY55 positively regulates defense against P. syringae Finally, we show that WRKY55 activates the expression of RbohD, ICS1, PBS3 and SAG13 by binding directly to the W-box-containing fragments. Taken together, our work has identified a new WRKY transcription factor that integrates both ROS and SA pathways to regulate leaf senescence and pathogen resistance.
 ...
PMID:WRKY55 transcription factor positively regulates leaf senescence and the defense response by modulating the transcription of genes implicated in the biosynthesis of reactive oxygen species and salicylic acid in Arabidopsis. 3268 Sep 33

The apparent antagonism between salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET) signalling resulting in trade-offs between defence against (hemi)biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens has been widely described across multiple plant species. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be fully established. The molecular and cellular functions of ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN) were characterised, and its role in regulating the pathogenic response was studied in Arabidopsis. We demonstrated that AN, a plant homologue of mammalian C-TERMINAL BINDING PROTEIN (CtBP), antagonistically regulates plant resistance to the hemibiotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Consistent with phenotypic observations, transcription of genes involved in SA and JA/ET pathways was antagonistically regulated by AN. By interacting with another nuclear protein TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE1 (TDP1), AN imposes transcriptional repression on MYB46, encoding a transcriptional activator of PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE (PAL) genes which are required for SA biosynthesis, while releasing TDP1-imposed transcriptional repression on WRKY33, a master regulator of the JA/ET signalling pathway. These findings demonstrate that transcriptional co-regulation of MYB46 and WRKY33 by AN mediates the coordination of SA and JA/ET pathways to optimise defences against (hemi)biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens.
 ...
PMID:Arabidopsis C-terminal binding protein ANGUSTIFOLIA modulates transcriptional co-regulation of MYB46 and WRKY33. 3270 29

Penicillium digitatum causes serious losses in postharvest citrus fruit. Exogenous salicylic acid (SA) can induce fruit resistance against various pathogens, but the mechanism remains unclear. Herein, a transcriptome-based approach was used to investigate the underlying mechanism of SA-induced citrus fruit resistance against P. digitatum. We found that CsWRKY70 and genes related to methyl salicylate (MeSA) biosynthesis (salicylate carboxymethyltransferase, SAMT) were induced by exogenous SA. Moreover, significant MeSA accumulation was detected in the SA-treated citrus fruit. The potential involvement of CsWRKY70 in regulating CsSAMT expression in citrus fruit was studied. Subcellular localization, dual luciferase, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays and an analysis of transient expression in fruit peel revealed that the nucleus-localized transcriptional activator CsWRKY70 can activate the CsSAMT promoter by recognizing the W-box element. Taken together, the findings from this study offer new insights into the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of exogenous SA-induced disease resistance in Citrus sinensis fruit.
 ...
PMID:Involvement of CsWRKY70 in salicylic acid-induced citrus fruit resistance against Penicillium digitatum. 3308 64


<< Previous 1 2 3