Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P50583 (asymmetrical)
 12,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This report concerns a 51-year-old right-handed man with Japanese encephalitis, showing left hemiplegia and left hemispatial neglect. On admission, he had a slight fever, mild consciousness disturbance, left hemiplegia, and left hemispatial neglect but no neck stiffness, headache nor nausea. He was treated on the basis of cerebral infarction, but his fever and consciousness disturbance worsened. We found pleocytosis (145/mm3) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and right thalamic edema on a brain CT scan obtained 4 days later. He was finally diagnosed as having Japanese encephalitis on the basis of an increase in anti-viral antibodies observed in paired CSF and serum samples. In the exacerbation phase, 123I-IMP single photon emission CT (SPECT) demonstrated a marked decrease in cerebral perfusion in the right hemisphere, while a brain MRI revealed irregular lesions localized the right thalamus (mainly posterior and medial parts), showing low intensity on T1-weighted and high intensity on T2-weighted images. In the recovery phase, asymmetrical perfusion was no longer observed on SPECT and the symptoms including the left hemispatial neglect had improved. These findings suggest that the left hemispatial neglect in this patient might been caused by the right thalamic lesion resulting in damage to the activating system of the right hemisphere. This case thus shows that acute onset of hemispatial neglect could be caused by cerebral encephalitis.
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PMID:[Japanese encephalitis presenting with left hemiplegia and thalamic neglect--a case report]. 1125 92

Auditory--verbal hallucinations (AVH) are a characteristic feature of schizophrenia. Patients with AVHs have been found to differ from non-hallucinating patients in volumes of certain asymmetrical brain structures on MRI, and on certain neuropsychological measures. There is also evidence of corpus callosum (CC) abnormalities in schizophrenia, and it has been proposed that abnormalities of inter-hemispheric transmission may underlie hallucinations and other symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine whether patients with AVHs have smaller corpora callosa than those without AVH, and whether CC size is related to performance on neuropsychological tests of functional cerebral asymmetry. Seventy-one DSM-IV male schizophrenics were recruited on the basis of their hallucination history plus 33 matched normal controls. Twenty-nine patients had no history of AVH, and 42 had a strong history of AVH. The mid-sagittal surface area and longitudinal length of the CC were measured from T(1)-weighted spin echo images. Callosal area was divided into four sections. There were no significant differences in any of the measurements between the two patient groups, or between patients with schizophrenia and controls. There was no association between CC measures and handedness, or performance on dichotic listening or finger tapping tasks. The results of this study do not lend support for there being a major morphological abnormality of the corpus callosum in schizophrenic patients, or for a specific relationship to AVH. However, a significant association between CC area and overall grey and white matter volumes was noted in the hallucinating patients and, to a lesser extent, in the non-hallucinators, which may point to differing influences on brain development or degeneration in such patients compared with normal controls.
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PMID:Corpus callosum area and functioning in schizophrenic patients with auditory--verbal hallucinations. 1137 10

The results of transcatheter balloon angioplasty in teenagers and adults with aortic recoarctation are uncertain. Therefore, there is a current trend to prefer a more complex procedure including the implantation of a stent. This study deals with 8 patients aged 7 to 25.3 years (median: 15 years), weighing 20 to 68 kg. (median: 57) and having undergone resection of an aortic coarctation during infancy (24 days to 4 years). All had their lower limb pulses diminished or abolished, elevated blood pressure at rest (and at exercise in the 5 tested patients), and left ventricular hypertrophy. MRI documented the lesion and helped to select seven patients whose stenosis was short and remote enough from the origin of the main aortic collateral. In one case, the decision to stent was taken as an emergent measure to treat an aortic dissection which appeared shortly after balloon dilatation. The effectiveness of the procedure was immediate in all patients with a 50% increase in diameter of the dilated area, total relief of the gradient, drop to normal values of the blood pressure. These good results persisted at follow-up (3-24 months) in 6 patients, with moderate hypertensive rebounds in the last 2. There were 2 technical problems (premature burst of the balloon, asymmetrical inflation of the stent like an "Eiffel Tower") that could finally be overcome and should no longer occur with the new specially designed so-called "BIB" balloons. Would long term follow-up confirm these early results, one should conclude that this method offers an attractive, safe and effective option to surgery for adolescents and adults with late recoarctation of the aorta.
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PMID:[Baloon angioplasty with stent implantation in recoarctation of the aorta: an attractive alternative]. 1143 8

A major challenge in the assessment of brain injury and its relationship to the ensuing functional deficits is the accurate delineation of the areas of damage. Here, we test the hypothesis that the anatomical distribution pattern of activated microglia, a normally dormant population of resident brain macrophages, can be used as a surrogate marker of neuronal injury not only at the primary lesion site but also in the antero- and retrograde projection areas of the lesioned neurones. Two patients with asymmetrical herpes simplex encephalitis were serially scanned 6 and 12 months after the acute illness using PET with [11C] (R)-PK11195, a marker of activated microglia/brain macrophages. The evolving structural changes in the brain were measured by volumetric MRI and compared with the pattern of [11C](R)-PK11195 binding. Corresponding to the clinically observed cognitive deficits, quantitative [11C](R)-PK11195-PET revealed highly significant signal increases within the affected limbic system and additionally in areas connected to the limbic system by neural pathways, including the lingual gyrus in the occipital lobe and the inferior parietal lobe, which had normal morphology on structural MRI. The increased [11C](R)-PK11195 binding, signifying the presence of activated microglia, persisted many months (>12) after antiviral treatment. Cortical areas that showed early high [11C](R)-PK11195 binding subsequently underwent atrophy. These observations demonstrate that in vivo imaging of activated microglia/brain macrophages provides a dynamic measure of active tissue changes following an acute focal lesion. Importantly, the glial tissue response in the wake of neuronal damage is protracted and widespread within the confines of the affected distributed neural system and can be related to the long-term functional deficits.
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PMID:In vivo visualization of activated glia by [11C] (R)-PK11195-PET following herpes encephalitis reveals projected neuronal damage beyond the primary focal lesion. 1157 Dec 19

Pulsating tinnitus is uncommon in the general population. This clinical manifestation can be associated with severe intracranial pathologies and is particularly characterized by a rhythm and synchronism reflecting the heart beat. This work presents a clinical case of pulsating, subjective tinnitus associated with a high homolateral jugular bulb and marked hypoplasia of the contralateral transverse and sigmoid sinuses and the clinical-radiological examinations that made diagnosis possible (particular reference going to CT, MRI and angio-MRI). The intracranial venous drainage pattern varies and is nearly always asymmetrical. The jugular bulb is defined as "high" when its upper edge extends nearly to the level of the tympanic anulus, a condition found in 6-20% of the general population. In many cases it is found by chance as often this condition is asymptomatic. However, the pathological picture associated with pulsating tinnitus is highly complex and requires a detailed diagnostic process which some Authors have arranged in specific "flow charts". Imaging methods are essential and must be identified according to the clinical-audiological findings. The radiologist can avail himself of CT, MRI (in association with angio-MRI), Doppler ultrasound of the supraortic and transcranial branches, and digital imaging subtraction angiography. The therapeutic approach to the patient manifesting a "high" jugular bulb is surgical and makes use of such procedures as: ligature of the internal jugular vein, extracranial transposition of the bulb and, in cases of dehiscence of the limiting bone, hypotympanum repair using an autologous or homologous graft of cartilage or bone. Whichever the case, an accurate cost-benefit evaluation must be made, particularly in regard to the risks of endocranial hypertension from the reduced venous drainage, a condition which is significantly increased when concomitant abnormalities of the dural sinuses are present. In the present case, this risk was quite high because of the particular venous morphology described and the patient refused surgery. Currently the patient is under clinical-radiological observation.
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PMID:[Pulsating tinnitus associated with high homolateral jugular bulb and aplasia of the contralateral transverse and sigmoid sinuses]. 1177 47

The Sylvian fissure region gathers lateral frontotemporal cortices and subcortical structures that are frequently disturbed in patients with mood disorders. We have investigated possible CSF space changes in this brain region in severe melancholic depression. Fifty-seven patients and 37 control subjects received three-dimensional MRI. CSF volumes were obtained for cerebral CSF, lateral ventricles, and both Sylvian fissure regions. As a group, patients showed a significant CSF space enlargement that was prominent around the Sylvian fissure, particularly in the left hemisphere. Likewise, evident leftward asymmetry was more frequent in the patient group (patients 31.6%, controls 2.7%). The combination of CSF space enlargement and the pattern of Sylvian CSF asymmetry predicted the patient condition with 62.2% specificity and 82.5% sensitivity. We conclude that, in the context of a broad severity spectrum of imaging alterations in severe melancholic depression, asymmetrical CSF space enlargement may be evident in the Sylvian fissure region.
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PMID:CSF spaces of the Sylvian fissure region in severe melancholic depression. 1177 78

Functional organization of human cerebral hemispheres is asymmetrically specialized, most typically along a verbal/nonverbal axis. In this event-related functional MRI study, we report another example of the asymmetrical specialization. Set-shifting paradigms derived from the Wisconsin card sorting test were used, where subjects update one behavior to another on the basis of environmental feedback. The cognitive requirements constituting the paradigms were decomposed into two components according to temporal stages of task events. Double dissociation of the component brain activity was found in the three bilateral pairs of regions in the lateral frontal cortex, the right regions being activated during exposure to negative feedback and the corresponding left regions being activated during updating of behavior, to suggest that both hemispheres contribute to cognitive set shifting but in different ways. The asymmetrical hemispheric specialization within the same paradigms further implies an interhemispheric interaction of these task components that achieve a common goal.
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PMID:Hemispheric asymmetry in human lateral prefrontal cortex during cognitive set shifting. 1203 64

We report a study of the shapes of the tibial and femoral articular surfaces in sagittal, frontal and coronal planes which was performed on cadaver knees using two techniques, MRI and computer interpolation of sections of the articular surfaces acquired by a three-dimensional digitiser. The findings using MRI, confirmed in a previous study by dissection, were the same as those using the digitiser. Thus both methods appear to be valid anatomical tools. The tibial and femoral articular surfaces can be divided into anterior segments, contacting from 0 degrees to 20 +/- 10 degrees of flexion, and posterior segments, contacting from 20 +/- 10 degrees to 120 degrees of flexion. The medial and lateral compartments are asymmetrical, particularly anteriorly. Posteromedially, the femur is spherical and is located in a conforming, but partly deficient, tibial socket. Posterolaterally, it is circular only in the sagittal section and the tibia is flat centrally, sloping downwards both anteriorly and posteriorly to receive the meniscal horns. Anteromedially, the femur is convex with a sagittal radius larger than that posteriorly, while the tibia is flat sloping upwards and forwards. Anterolaterally, both the femoral and tibial surfaces are largely deficient. These shapes suggest that medially the femur can rotate on the tibia through three axes intersecting in the middle of the femoral sphere, but that the sphere can only translate anteroposteriorly and even then to a limited extent. Laterally, the femur can freely translate anteroposteriorly, but can only rotate around a transverse axis for that part of the arc, i.e., near extension, during which it comes into contact with the tibia through its flattened distal/medial surface as against its spherical posterior surface.
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PMID:The shapes of the tibial and femoral articular surfaces in relation to tibiofemoral movement. 1204 88

In this review a new interpretation of the origin of bony developmental malformations affecting the craniocervical junction and the cervical spine is presented based on recent advances in the understanding of embryonic development of the spine and its molecular genetic control. Radiographs, CT and MRI scans or CT myelograms of patients with Klippel-Feil syndrome were used for demonstration. Detailed clinical and radiological analysis of these patients was published earlier [David KM, Stevens JM, Thorogood P, Crockard HA. The dysmorphic cervical spine in Klippel-Feil syndrome: interpretations from developmental biology. Neurosurg Focus 1999;6(6):1.]. Homeotic transformation due to mutations or disturbed expression of Hox genes is a possible mechanism responsible for Cl assimilation. Notochordal defects and/or signalling problems, that result in reduced or impaired Pax-1 gene expression, may underlie vertebral fusions. This, together with asymmetrical distribution of paraxial mesoderm cells and a possible lack of communication across the embryonic mid-line, could cause the asymmetrical fusion patterns. The wide and flattened shape of the fused vertebral bodies, their resemblance to the embryonic cartilaginous vertebrae and the process of progressive bony fusion with age suggest that the fusions occur before or, at the latest, during chondrification of vertebrae. The authors suggest that the aforementioned mechanisms are likely to be, at least in part, responsible for the origin of the bony developmental malformations affecting the craniocervical junction and the cervical spine.
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PMID:[Molecular genetic background of developmental bony malformations at the craniocervical junction and cervical spine]. 1220 Dec 33

Intravascular malignant lymphomatosis is a rare and probably often overlooked disease characterised by massive intravascular proliferation of lymphoid cells, usually with a poor prognosis. CT and MRI appearances are nonspecific; the most suggestive finding being both asymmetrical, bilateral, contrast enhancing high-signal areas on T2 weighting and infarct-like lesions of the cortex and basal ganglia. We report two patients with previously unreported dural and spinal cord involvement.
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PMID:Intravascular malignant lymphomatosis. 1222 46


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