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Query: UNIPROT:P50583 (asymmetrical)
 12,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human lymphocytes obtained from four patients with Down syndrome and from two normal individuals were irradiated with X-rays during their S phase and examined for chromatid type aberrations. It is suggested that the significantly increased frequency of asymmetrical chromatid interchanges found in trisomic cells is related to an altered DNA repair system. This altered repair system is probably responsible for the increased frequency of chromosome aberrations that can be induced in these cells by x-rays and the increased tendency for leukemia observed in Down syndrome as well.
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PMID:The implications of S-phase exchanges for the mechanisms of radiosensitivity in trisomy 21. 621 54

The morphogenesis of bacteriophage lambda proheads is under the control of the four phage genes B, C, Nu3 and E, and the two Escherichia coli genes groEL and groES . It has been shown previously that extracts prepared from cells infected with a lambda C-E- mutant accumulate a gpB polymer, which behaves as a biologically active intermediate in prohead assembly. This gpB activity has been called a preconnector , as it is probably a precursor to the head-tail connector. We now report the partial purification of biologically active preconnectors and the characterization of its structure. In the electron microscope, preconnectors appear as donut -like structures composed of several subunits displaying radial symmetry. Optical filtration of periodic arrays of preconnectors showed that the structure has 12-fold rotational symmetry. Side views of the preconnector reveal that it resembles an asymmetrical dumbell . This information has been used to construct a three-dimensional model of the preconnector . The implications of this structure for prohead shape and function, and for DNA packaging are discussed.
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PMID:Bacteriophage lambda preconnectors. Purification and structure. 623 91

Electron microscopy was used to identify and quantitate DNA molecules associated with 3H-labeled polyoma minichromosomes which had been fractionated on a sucrose gradient. The percentage of replicating DNA molecules observed in the fractions of the gradient normally designated the replicative intermediate region was up to ninefold higher than in fractions from the mature region. Nevertheless, because of the higher overall concentration of polyoma DNA molecules in the mature region, nearly as many replicating DNA molecules were computed to be in the mature region as in the replicative intermediate region. The replicating molecules in the mature region was predominantly early replicative intermediates. Almost all late replicative intermediates were found in the replicative intermediate region. Under aqueous spreading conditions, a substantial fraction of the replicating DNA structures appeared to be asymmetrical or otherwise unusual, suggesting that extensive single-stranded regions may exist in replicating polyoma minichromosomes.
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PMID:Polyoma virus minichromosomes: associated DNA molecules. 626 56

We describe improve enzymatic methods for sequencing method for sequencing DNA. They are based on partial digestion of duplex DNA with exonuclease III to produce DNA molecules with 3' ends shortened to varying lengths, followed by repair synthesis to extend and label the 3' ends. After asymmetrical cleavage of the DNA with a restriction enzyme, the labeled products are separated by gel electrophoresis and the sequence read from the autoradiogram. The entire procedures, beginning with unrestricted DNA and followed through gel electrophoresis, takes only one day for sequencing both strands of the DNA molecule. These methods are especially suitable for sequencing DNA cloned in plasmid vectors, and they greatly extend the usefulness of the dideoxynucleotide chain termination method of Sanger et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 5463, 1977). Using these methods we have determined the sequence of a 410 base pair fragment which includes the yeast SUP3 tyrosine tRNA gene.
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PMID:New rapid methods for DNA sequencing based in exonuclease III digestion followed by repair synthesis. 628 30

Gapped duplex DNA molecules of recombinant genomes of filamentous phage are constructed in vitro. Denatured restriction fragments covering (part of) the precisely constructed gap are hybridized to the gapped duplex DNA molecules to form ternary duplices. The two strands of the ternary duplex molecules carry different genetic markers within the region spanned by the restriction fragment leading to a one base pair mismatch or to an insertion loop of 93 nucleotides, respectively. The two strands also vary with respect to A-methylation in GATC sites. In cases of asymmetrical methylation, transfection of E. coli with these heteroduplex molecules leads to marker recoveries with a pronounced bias in favour of the marker encoded by the methylated strand. This effect at least partly explains the comparably low marker yields achieved in previous directed mutagenesis experiments using filamentous phage as the vector. The results suggest how these procedures can be optimized. Precise construction of a 93 bp insertion of 9.5% marker yield is described.
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PMID:Directed mutagenesis of DNA cloned in filamentous phage: influence of hemimethylated GATC sites on marker recovery from restriction fragments. 629 6

In the rho- mutants of yeast, the mitochondrial genome is made up of a small segment excised from the wild-type mitochondrial DNA. The segment is repeated either in tandem or in palindrome to form a series of multimeric DNAs. We have asked how the palindromic organization arises. From several palindromic rho- mitochondrial DNAs, we have isolated the restriction fragments that contained the head-to-head or tail-to-tail junction of the repeating units, and have determined their nucleotide sequences. We found that the palindromes were not symmetrical right up to the junction points: at the junction, there was always an asymmetrical sequence of variable length. At both ends of this junction sequence, we found inverted oligonucleotide sequences that were variable in each mutant and that were present in the wild-type DNA. At the moment of excision, a single-strand cut seems to occur at each of these short inverted repeats, in such a way that the two complementary strands of the genome are cut unequally and the single-stranded overhangs become the junction sequences between the palindromic repeating units. This scheme may account for the complex structures of many rho- mitochondrial DNAs.
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PMID:Unequal excision of complementary strands is involved in the generation of palindromic repetitions of rho- mitochondrial DNA in yeast. 629 93

Premutational lesions produced by ultraviolet radiation in the Gln2 tRNA genes of E. coli B/r show differing sensitivities to a mutation avoidance phenomenon known as mutation frequency decline (MFD). A mutation event that changes the wild-type gene to an amber (UAG) suppressor is normally sensitive to MFD. Mutation of this amber suppressor to an ochre (UAA) suppressor is not sensitive to MFD. These two mutation events occur in the same anticodon region of the DNA. The dissimilarity of MFD sensitivity between these two mutations may result because the respective premutational photoproducts for the two are located in opposite strands of duplex DNA. To examine the effect of strand position of the premutational lesions on MFD, recombinant lambda phage were constructed that contained the amber suppressor as a mutation target in the two possible orientations. Comparison of MFD in bacterial lysogens containing either of the two types of recombinant prophage indicated that reversing the orientation of the target sequence relative to adjacent bacterial DNA had no effect on MFD. Since rotational inversion of the target sequence did not alter the sensitivity to MFD of mutation occurring at the cloned target gene, the antimutation process inherent to MFD can not be attributed to an asymmetrical interaction between the template strands and the DNA-replication complex.
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PMID:UV-mutagenesis at a cloned target sequence: converted suppressor mutation is insensitive to mutation frequency decline regardless of the gene orientation. 639 68

A large amount of heterochromatin is observed in two species of the genus Gerbillus, G. nigeriae and G. hesperinus. The C-band material represents about one-half of the total karyotype length in the former species, and about one-third in the latter. Several banding techniques and various 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) treatments were used to characterise these heterochromatic segments. After applying the R-banding technique, three different staining responses of the heterochromatin can be distinguished. In G. nigeriae, strongly stained segments (R-band positive) appear in most chromosomes and, in particular, constitute the short arms of all the larger chromosomes. Palely staining heterochromatic segments (R-band negative) are less abundant in G. nigeriae but predominate in G. hesperinus. In addition, in both species an intermediate staining of heterochromatin is observed near the centromere or in the heterochromatic short arms of some acrocentric and small submetacentric chromosomes. Very short BrdU treatment during the end of the last cell cycle results in asymmetrical staining of chromatids in heterochromatic segments after applying the acridine orange or FPG (fluorescence plus Giemsa) technique. The alternating location of strongly staining segments in one or the other chromatid simulates sister chromatid exchanges ("pseudo-SCE"). This pattern persists after longer BrdU treatment during different stages of the last cell cycle and is independent of the R-staining properties of the heterochromatin. The lateral asymmetric appearance of the large heterochromatic segments in Gerbillus is interpreted as reflecting an uneven distribution of adenine and thymidine between the two strands of DNA.
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PMID:Characterisation of a very complex constitutive heterochromatin in two Gerbillus species (Rodentia). 669 17

We have located Mu delta 26 sequences straddling the forks in DNA structures which appear during Mu delta 26 replication, i.e., keys, pending keys, dumb- bells , partially fused circles, and asymmetrical forks. This brings additional evidence that these structures are mini-Mu replication intermediates. The possible relationship between these structures and those predicted by the different models formulated to explain transposition in procaryotes is discussed.
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PMID:Localisation of mini-Mu in its replication intermediates. 676 36

Labelled RNA preparations (total newly synthesized RNA, as well as stable cytoplasmic RNA) isolated from a cell culture of Drosophila melanogaster were hybridized in situ with polytene chromosomes. Apart from the nucleolus, in all cases the regions adjacent to he chromocentre in the polytene chromosomes and the intercalary heterochromatin regions in the X chromosome and the autosomes are the most intensively labelled. In the case of asynapsis of polytene chromosomes in heterozygotes the label is detected in a number of intercalary heterochromatin sites in one homologous only ("the asymmetrical label"). The same kind of radioactivity distribution in intercalary heterochromatin regions was observed after a hybridization of polytene chromosomes with cloned DNA fragments (Ananiev et al.,, 1978, 1979) coding for the abundant classes of messenger RNA (Ilyin et al., 1978) in cultured D. melanogaster cells. In some regions of intercalary heterochromatin which do not contain these fragments the "asymmetrical" type of labelled distribution is observed after hybridization with cell RNA. These results lead one to regard the intercalary heterochromatin regions as "nests" comprising different types of actively transcribable genes, the composition of each nest varying in different stocks of D. melanogaster.
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PMID:[Transcription of portions of chromosomes corresponding to regions of intercalary heterochromatin in Drosophila melanogaster cell cultures]. 678 Apr 9


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