Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P50583 (asymmetrical)
 12,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The syntheses and analyses of GSSG analogues with modified ionizable groups are described. Using the mixed anhydride method, three symmetrical and three asymmetrical peptide analogues were obtained in moderate overall yields. The products were analyzed by HPLC, 1H-NMR, thin-layer electrophoresis, and amino acid analysis. They were used to study enzyme:ligand interactions in glutathione reductase.
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PMID:Synthesis of glutathione analogues with modified ionizable groups for the study of enzyme:ligand interactions. 227 50

In A549 cell culture, significant variability was found in sensitivity to actinomycin D. Using limiting dilution, actinomycin D-susceptible (G4S) and -resistant (D3R) subclones were isolated. G4S cells were also susceptible to protein synthesis inhibitors, a redox cycling quinone, and an electrophile with concomitant activation of caspases 3 and 9. D3R cells were resistant to these agents without caspase activation. Antioxidant profiles revealed that D3R cells had significantly higher glutathione and glutathione reductase activity but markedly lower catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and aldehyde reductase activities than G4S cells. Thus A549 cells contain at least two distinct subpopulations with respect to predisposition to cell death and antioxidant profile. Because sensitivities to agents and the antioxidant profile were inconsistent, mechanisms independent of antioxidants, including the apparent inability to activate caspases in D3R cells, may play an important role. Regardless, the results suggest that antioxidant profiles of asymmetrical cell populations cannot predict sensitivity to oxidants and warn that the use of single subclones is advisable for mechanistic studies using A549 or other unstable cell lines.
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PMID:A549 subclones demonstrate heterogeneity in toxicological sensitivity and antioxidant profile. 1222 49

Metribuzin belongs to the family of asymmetrical triazine compounds and is an active ingredient in many commercial herbicides including Sencor. Effects on goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) of exposure for 96h to 7.14, 35.7 or 71.4mgL(-1) Sencor 70 WG (corresponding to 5, 25 and 50mgL(-1) of metribuzin) were examined by evaluating oxidative stress markers and activities of antioxidant and associated enzymes in gills. Fish exposed to the lowest Sencor concentration (7.14mgL(-1)) showed a 94% increase in levels of protein carbonyls in gills as well as 45% and 144% increases in the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase. Exposure to the highest Sencor concentration (71.4mgL(-1)) resulted in reduced levels of protein carbonyls by 56% and lipid peroxides by 40%, as compared with controls, but enhanced levels of low and high molecular mass thiols by 71% and 36%, respectively. The activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase were increased in gills of goldfish exposed to 71.4mgL(-1) Sencor. At any concentration tested, Sencor did not affect the activities of glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase or acetylcholine esterase in gills. The results of this study indicate that acute exposure of goldfish to Sencor had effect on free radical processes in gills and glutathione-dependent antioxidants effectively protect proteins and lipids from oxidation.
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PMID:Oxidative stress responses in gills of goldfish, Carassius auratus, exposed to the metribuzin-containing herbicide Sencor. 2731 Feb 8