Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P50583 (asymmetrical)
 12,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pig kidney cell line LLC-PK1 cultured on a collagen-coated membrane filter formed a continuous sheet of oriented asymmetrical epithelial cells joined by circumferential occluding junctions. In the presence of 5.5 mM D-glucose, a potential difference (PD) of 2.8 mV, apical bath negative, short-circuit current Isc of 13.2 microA . cm-2, and transepithelial resistance of 211 omega . cm2 were recorded. Isc and PD were reduced by phlorizin added to the apical bath but were unaffected when phlorizin was placed in the basolateral bath. Ouabain or the replacement of Na by tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane or choline abolished the Isc. The sugar concentrations required to produce the half-maximal Isc were 0.13 mM beta-methyl-D-glucoside, 0.28 mM D-glucose, 0.65 mM alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, 0.77 mM 6-deoxy-D-glucose, 4.8 mM D-galactose, and 29 mM 3-O-methylglucose. When [Na] was reduced, the D-glucose required for half-maximal SCC increased. Isotopically 3H- and 14C-labeled D-glucose were used to determine simultaneous bidirectional fluxes; a resultant net apical-to-basolateral flux was present and could be abolished by phlorizin. The transported isotope cochromatographed with labeled D-glucose, indicating negligible metabolism. The cell culture model provides advantages for investigation of mechanisms of transepithelial glucose transport.
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PMID:Transepithelial glucose transport in cell culture. 721 56

The pig kidney cell line LLC-PK1 cultured on a collagen coated membrane filter formed a continuous sheet of oriented asymmetrical epithelial cells joined by occluding junctions. A transepithelial electrical potential (PD) and short-circuit current (SCC) were dependent on the presence of Na and sugar in the apical bathing solution. In the presence of 5.5 mM D-glucose, a PD of 2.8 mV. apical surface negative a SCC of 13 microA cm-2 and transepithelial resistance of 211 ohm.cm2 were recorded. The SCC was promptly reduced by the addition of phlorizin to the apical bath but unaffected when placed in the basolateral bath. The effect on SCC of various sugars was compared by the concentrations required for half-maximal SCC: 0.13 mM beta-methyl-D-glucoside, 0.28 mM D-glucose, 0.65 mM alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, 0.77 mM 6-deoxy-D-glucose, 4.8 mM D-galactose, and 29 mM 3-O-methyl-glucose. When [Na] was reduced, the concentration of D-glucose required for half-maximal SCC increase. Isotopically labeled 3H and 14C D-glucose were used to simultaneously determine bidirectional fluxes; a resultant net apical-to-basolateral transport was present and abolished by phlorizin. The transported isotope cochromatographed with labeled D-glucose, indicating negligible metabolism of transported glucose. The pig kidney cell line, LLC-PK1, provides a cell culture model for the investigation of mechanisms of transepithelial glucose transport.
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PMID:Transepithelial transport in cell culture: D-glucose transport by a pig kidney cell line (LLC-PK1). 724 72

Three-dimensional quasi-static mechanical measurements were carried out on cylindrical segments of the dog carotid and iliac arteries for determination of the passive anisotropic elastic properties of the vessel wall. On the basis of passive characteristics of outer diameter vs. intraluminal pressure, and axial extending force vs. intraluminal pressure, picked up at various fixed initial vascular length values, the incremental Young moduli and poisson ratios of the vessel wall were calculated in the 0--33 kPa (0--250 mm Hg) pressure range. The strain energy function of the arteries was approximated by polynomial and exponential models. We found that an exponential energy function with 4-parameters gives more accurate results than the 7- or 12-parameter polynomial functions. According to the results the axial modulus reaches higher values than the tangential and radial moduli at a low tangential stretch level, while at high tangential stretch the tangential modulus is the highest in both carotid and iliac arteries. After elevation of the initial tangential stretch the increase in the tangential modulus is the most pronounced, while the values of radial and axial moduli increased less. A change in the initial axial stretch influences the axial and radial moduli to a similar extent, but has no substantial effect on the value of the tangential modulus. The values of corresponding poisson ratios depend in a similar way on the initial deformation state. The different behaviour of the two Poisson ratios characterizing the mechanical coupling between tangential and axial directions, indicates that the structural coupling between the two main directions is asymmetrical. It is assumed that this property of the passive vascular structure can be explained by the network arrangement of collagen fibres in the vessel wall.
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PMID:Characterization of anisotropic elastic properties of the arteries by exponential and polynomial strain energy functions. 731 73

The processes by which trophoblast cells invade and modify the walls of the uteroplacental arteries of macaques during the course of gestation were examined. Antibodies to cytokeratins were employed to identify trophoblast, anti-desmin antibody to identify smooth muscle, and antibodies to type IV collagen, laminin, and fibronectin to examine changes in extracellular matrix distribution in the arterial wall. During early gestation, endovascular trophoblast adhered to the arterial wall, often in an asymmetrical distribution. As trophoblast cells moved outwardly into the tunica media, the basement membrane underlying the endothelium was lost, as indicated by gaps in the layer when stained for type IV collagen and laminin. Trophoblast cells became sequestered in the vessel wall where they hypertrophied and became surrounded by a capsule containing type IV collagen and laminin. As the trophoblast cells became established in the vessel wall, the muscular layer of the artery became discontinuous. Throughout gestation it was common for trophoblast cells to invade the vessel intimal layer and share the lining of the artery with typical endothelial cells. This general disposition of endovascular and intramural trophoblast persisted into late gestation. In addition, and contrary to the results of earlier studies of macaques, we identified trophoblastic invasion and modification of myometrial segments of the uteroplacental arteries in later gestation. We also found evidence of interstitial trophoblast cells among the stromal cells of the endometrium, especially during early gestation.
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PMID:Trophoblastic invasion and the development of uteroplacental arteries in the macaque: immunohistochemical localization of cytokeratins, desmin, type IV collagen, laminin, and fibronectin. 768 55

We report a unique patient with true asymmetrical hypersensitivity to bovine collagen. Hypersensitivity is the development of an inflammatory response at a treatment site after a negative skin test. She developed an inflammatory response in only one of two simultaneously injected sites. About 1.5% of patients with a negative skin test have a hypersensitivity reaction consisting of firmness, erythema, and swelling. The signs and symptoms generally resolve spontaneously in a few months.
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PMID:Asymmetrical hypersensitivity to bovine collagen. 814 30

The formation of endocardial endothelium in quail embryos was investigated using in vivo and in vitro systems. Based on the expression of an quail endothelial marker, QH-1, the initial emergence of endothelial precursor cells in the embryo occurs at stage 7+ (two somites) in the posterior parts of the bilateral heart forming regions. Cells that expressed the QH-1 antigen were mesenchymal and positioned between the mesodermal epithelium of the heart region and the endoderm. By confocal microscopy, an asymmetrical distribution of QH-1 positive cells was observed between the two heart regions: specifically between 7+ and 8-, more precursor cells were seen in the right region than the left. Endothelial precursor cells did not appear outside of the heart forming regions until stage 8- (three somites). Free, mesenchymal-like endothelial precursor cells intrinsic to the heart regions also expressed two extracellular antigens, JB3, a fibrillin-like protein, and cytotactin, both associated with segments of the primary heart tube where endothelial cells "re-transform" back to a mesenchymal phenotype during cardiac cushion tissue formation. Between stages 8 and 9 (four to seven somites), (1) QH-1 positive cells within the heart forming region established vascular-like connections with QH-1 positive cells located outside of the heart region, as initially shown by Coffin and Poole (1988), (2) after fusion of the heart regions, a plexus of QH-1 positive cells was formed ventral to the foregut, and (3) the definitive endocardial lining of the primary heart tube formed directly from the ventral plexus of endothelial precursor cells. Because the QH-1 positive, endothelial precursor cells of each heart forming region were always in close association with anterior endoderm, we sought to determine if the endoderm mediated the formation of precursor cells committed to a cardiac endothelial lineage as reflected by their expression of QH-1, JB3 antigen, and cytotactin. To test this hypothesis, precardiac mesodermal explants were isolated from stage 5 heart forming regions prior to their expressing of either endocardial or myocardial markers and cultured on the surface of collagen gets in the presence or absence of endoderm. In the absence of endoderm, precardiac mesoderm of each stage 5 explant remained epithelial, formed contractile tissue, but did not exhibit any QH-1 positive cells or mesenchymal cells. Conversely, when cocultured with endoderm or endoderm conditioned medium, in addition to the formation of contractile tissue, the explant formed mesenchymal cells. The latter invaded the gel lattice and, as in vivo, expressed QH-1 antigen, JB3 antigen, and cytotactin. These findings suggest that endoderm induces mesoderm of the heart fields to undergo an epithelial to mesenchyme transformation that results in the segregation of myocardial and endocardial precursor cells.
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PMID:Formation and early morphogenesis of endocardial endothelial precursor cells and the role of endoderm. 860 70

The sequence of the chicken alpha 2(I) collagen promoter from -712 to -85, relative to exon 1, has been shown to be important for transcriptional activity. Within this region a pyrimidine/purine asymmetrical element at -200 bp forms an in vitro S1 nuclease-sensitive site. The pyrimidine-rich strand of this element interacts specifically with single-stranded DNA-binding proteins present in fibroblast nuclear extracts [Bayarsaihan and Lukens (1996) Biochem. J. 314, 293-296]. To identify these proteins we performed expression screening of a chick embryo fibroblast cDNA library using a single-stranded polypyrimidine sequence derived from this element. One of the isolated clones was found to encode a member of the cold-shock gene family, either chicken YB-1 or a highly homologous protein. This protein and a known chicken Y-box protein were both found to bind sequence-specifically to the pyrimidine-rich strand of the pyrimidine/purine asymmetrical element in the chicken alpha 2(I) collagen promoter. The binding mechanism of these proteins could be based on the formation of a non-canonical triplex DNA structure (H-DNA). Although members of this widespread and conserved protein family have been reported to modulate the expression of a number of genes, the findings reported here provide the first evidence for a possible role of cold-shock proteins in the regulation of type I collagen genes.
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PMID:Y-box proteins interact with the S1 nuclease-sensitive site in the chicken alpha 2(I) collagen gene promoter. 887 Jun 70

The correlation between anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) collagen fibril diameter and aging were studied in subjects aged 15 to 87 years. The samples processed for light and electron microscopy showed statistically significant differences in collagen fibril diameter among young (< 20 years), adult (20-60) and elderly subjects (> 60 years). In the young, the ACL was made up of collagen fibrils which were highly variable in size (range 20-180 nm); the diameter distribution curve was very asymmetrical (mean asymmetry +0.895). In adults and elderly subjects, the maximum diameter had decreased remarkably (120 and 110 nm, respectively) and the diameter distribution curve had become less asymmetrical (mean asymmetry +0.527 and +0.297 respectively). Fibril concentration increased considerably from young (68 fib/mu 2) and elderly subjects (140 fib/mu 2). This reduction in diameter and the relative change in collagen fibril concentration may be related to changes in elastic stiffness. The increase in small collagen fibrils and the marked rise in their concentration may make the ligament more pliable. These findings are similar to those we obtained in Achilles tendon. They demonstrate that both ACL and Achilles tendon, a tissue which responds to unidirectional mechanical forces more than ACL does, show a reduction in diameter value during ageing. These data further suggest that collagen fibril diameter is related to the aging process.
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PMID:Age-related changes in human anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) collagen fibrils. 920 69

Rat liver mannose-binding protein (MBP-C) is the smallest known member of the collectin family of animal lectins, many of which are involved in defence against microbial pathogens. It consists of an N-terminal collagen-like domain linked to C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domains. MBP-C, overproduced in Chinese-hamster ovary cells, is post-translationally modified and processed in a manner similar to the native lectin. Analytical ultracentrifugation experiments indicate that MBP-C is trimeric, with a weight-averaged molecular mass of approx. 77 kDa. The rate of sedimentation of MBP-C and its mobility on gel filtration suggest a highly elongated molecule. Anomalous behaviour on gel filtration due to this extended conformation may explain previous suggestions that MBP-C forms a higher oligomer. The polypeptide chains of the MBP-C trimer are linked by disulphide bonds between two cysteine residues at the N-terminal junction of the collagen-like domain. Analysis of an N-terminal tryptic fragment reveals that the disulphide bonding in MBP-C is heterogeneous and asymmetrical. These results indicate that assembly of MBP-C oligomers probably proceeds in a C- to N-terminal direction: trimerization at the C-terminus is followed by assembly of the collagenous domain and finally formation of N-terminal disulphide bonds. The relatively simple organization of MBP-C provides a template for understanding larger, more complex collectins.
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PMID:Asymmetry adjacent to the collagen-like domain in rat liver mannose-binding protein. 923 Jan 18

We present a patient with a subacute asymmetrical sensorimotor polyneuropathy. The pathological features were predominantly loss of nerve fibers, axonal degeneration and healed vasculitis. The epineural vessels were involved, while endoneurial capillaires were preserved. Muscle biopsy revealed neurogenic features with normal blood vessels. After three years, motor and sensory function was almost normal, without any specific treatment. No abnormal findings suggesting collagen diseases or other underlying immunological disorders were obtained by various laboratory tests. In conclusion, the present case strongly suggests that the vasculitis was confined to the peripheral nerves.
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PMID:[Isolated vasculitis of the peripheral nervous system]. 928 Apr 27


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