Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P50583 (asymmetrical)
 12,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Increasing evidence suggests that the postprandial state is a contributing factor to the development of atherosclerosis. To evaluate the effects of acute hyperglycemia on endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, plasma asymmetrical dimethyl-l-arginine (ADMA), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) activities were measured in subjects with normal (n = 35), impaired (IGT) (n = 25), and diabetic (DGT) (n = 20) glucose tolerance. At baseline, plasma ADMA, sICAM-1, and CRP concentrations and plasma sPLA(2) activities were higher in both the IGT and DGT groups than in the normal glucose tolerance group (for each comparison, each P < .001). Patients with DGT have higher plasma ADMA and sICAM-1 concentrations than patients with IGT (for each, P < .001).Two hours after glucose loading, plasma ADMA and CRP concentrations and sPLA(2) activities were significantly elevated in the 3 groups when compared with baseline levels (for each comparison, P < .001). Plasma vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and sICAM-1 concentrations were found to be elevated from baseline levels after glucose loading in the IGT and DGT groups (for each comparison, P < .001). Correlation analysis at baseline suggested that there was a significant relationship between ADMA and inflammation and soluble adhesion markers in the studied groups. In conclusion, plasma concentrations of ADMA and of inflammation and adhesion molecules were elevated in the prediabetic state. A complex interrelation could exist between ADMA and inflammation, and mechanisms involved in endothelial dysfunction are multifactorial at the prediabetic and diabetic state.
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PMID:The relationship between plasma asymmetrical dimethyl-L-arginine and inflammation and adhesion molecule levels in subjects with normal, impaired, and diabetic glucose tolerance. 1807 67

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is characterized by fetal growth less than normal for the population and growth potential of a given infant. IUGR can be symmetrical with low weight, length and head circumference indicative usually of a process with its origin early in pregnancy or asymmetrical with sparing of head circumference and length due to processes occurring later in gestation. The acute neonatal consequences of IUGR are perinatal asphyxia and neonatal adaptive problems. These adaptive problems that include respiratory distress due to meconium aspiration, persistent pulmonary hypertension or pulmonary hemorrhage, abnormalities of glucose regulation, temperature instability, and polycythemia are reviewed in this article. Issues specific to the IUGR preterm infant are reviewed as well including an increased incidence of chronic lung disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity and postnatal growth failure.
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PMID:The IUGR newborn. 1848 25

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), produced by Dunaliella salina strain, increase concomitantly with salt concentration and maximum (944 mg/l) were obtained at 5M NaCl, whereas minimum (56 mg/l) at 0.5M salinity. Emulsifying activity was measured in terms of strength to retain the emulsion and comparatively 85.76% retention was observed at 0.5M salinity thereafter it intends to decline. The FT-IR-spectra reveal characteristic functional groups NH stretching, asymmetrical CH stretching vibration of aliphatic CH(2)-group, CC stretching of aromatic, CN stretch of aliphatic amine, NH wag of primary amine and CX stretch of alkyl-halides with a stretching of COC, CO corresponding to the presence of carbohydrates. The FT-IR-spectra substantiated the presence of primary amine-group, aromatic-compound, halide-group, aliphatic alkyl-group and polysaccharides. Four monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, fructose and xylose) were also detected by HPLC analysis. Production of EPSs may allow further exploration of D. salina as potential EPSs producer and make it as a promising candidate for biotechnological and industrial exploitation.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of extracellular polymeric substances from micro-algae Dunaliellasalina under salt stress. 1927 70

Until recently, monitoring of cells and cellular activities at high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) was mainly limited to ex situ observations. Samples were analyzed prior to and following the depressurization step to evaluate the effect of the pressure treatment. Such ex situ measurements have several drawbacks: (i) it does not allow for kinetic measurements and (ii) the depressurization step often leads to artifactual measurements. Here, we describe recent advances in diamond anvil cell (DAC) technology to adapt it to the monitoring of microbial processes in situ. The modified DAC is asymmetrical, with a single anvil and a diamond window to improve imaging quality and signal collection. Using this novel DAC combined to Raman and X-ray spectroscopy, we monitored the metabolism of glucose by baker's yeast and the reduction of selenite by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in situ under HHP. In situ spectroscopy is also a promising tool to study piezophilic microorganisms.
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PMID:In situ Raman and X-ray spectroscopies to monitor microbial activities under high hydrostatic pressure. 2023 76

We investigated changes in behavior and brain glucose metabolism in a rat chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression. The CMS model has been used to mimic depression in humans by using various chronic mild stressors in a 4 weeks period. In the present study, we have developed a combination of tests examining behavior (open field test) and hedonic measure (sucrose preference test) after exposure to CMS, and compared this to control non-stressed rats. We found that CMS induced behavioral changes, including decreased central and rearing activity, increased grooming and defecation, reduced body weight, and reduced relative sucrose intake. Moreover, our study suggests that CMS administered for 4 weeks activated left auditory cortex, while left piriform cortex, left inferior colliculus, septal nuclei and periaqueductal gray were deactivated. These changes in region of interest are left-right asymmetrical and lateralized in the left hemisphere. And activity deficits of depression are related with changes of brain activity in all brain regions showing significant changes by CMS in glucose metabolism. There are significant correlations for relative sucrose intake in left piriform cortex, left inferior colliculus and left auditory cortex, and for anxiety-related behavioral measures in septal nuclei and periaqueductal gray. There are lack of significant effects in the mean glucose metabolism of both hemispheres in hippocampus and amygdala induced by CMS possibly because of various reasons. Changes in glucose metabolism support the view that these significant brain regions are involved in chronic stress and depressive mood regulation. The results of this study might contribute to the awareness of changes in behavior and brain activity of depression induced by CMS.
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PMID:Behavioral and [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucose micro positron emission tomography imaging study in a rat chronic mild stress model of depression. 2043 98

Angelica sinensis polysaccharides were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). The major sugar of the polysaccharide was saccharose (18.55%); and the sugar constituted about 83% of the monomer content. Glucose and fructose were found as minor components of the polysaccharides. The FT-IR spectra of A. sinensis polysaccharides are used for determination of their structural features. The FT-IR spectrum of A. sinensis polysaccharides showed bands at 1641 cm(-1), 1415 cm(-1), 1050 cm(-1) and 926 cm(-1) characteristic for the carboxylic group. Absorptions at 2920-2930 cm(-1) are attributed to asymmetrical stretching vibration of CH(2)-group. Medium stretch observed in the range 1650-1400 cm(-1) is assigned to C-C stretching of polysaccharides. Cardioprotective effects of A. sinensis polysaccharides were evaluated by using myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) rats. A. sinensis polysaccharides treatment significantly reduced myocardial infarction size, enhanced CT-1 and antioxidant enzymes activity, downregulated caspase-12 mRNA expression in rats. The study strongly suggests the cardioprotective activity of A. sinensis polysaccharides in limiting ischemia-reperfusion induced myocardial injury.
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PMID:Extraction, chemical analysis of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides and antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides in ischemia-reperfusion rats. 2069 23

Glucose transport from the maternal to fetal side of the placenta is critical for fetal growth and development due to the absence of fetal gluconeogenesis. Human GLUT9, existing as 2 isoforms, is a novel member of the transporter family. This study investigated the localization and relative expression levels of these isoforms in the human term placenta from both control and diabetic patients. Placenta samples were collected from normal pregnancies and those complicated by maternal diabetes (White classifications A1, A2, and B). Antibodies specific for the different isoforms were used to detect expression. Both forms of the protein are expressed in syncytiotrophoblast cells. Subcellular fractionation revealed an asymmetrical expression pattern with GLUT9a on basal membranes, whereas GLUT9b localizes to microvillus membranes. Expression of both isoforms is significantly increased in placental tissue from diabetic pregnancies. Altered expression of GLUT9 in the placenta may play a role in the fetal pathophysiology associated with diabetes-complicated pregnancies.
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PMID:Asymmetric syncytial expression of GLUT9 splice variants in human term placenta and alterations in diabetic pregnancies. 2092 39

Optimal root architecture is established by multiple intrinsic (e.g. hormones) and extrinsic (e.g. gravity and touch) signals and is established, in part, by directed root growth. We show that asymmetrical exposure of cytokinin (CK) at the root tip in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) promotes cell elongation that is potentiated by glucose in a hexokinase-influenced, G protein-independent manner. This mode of CK signaling requires the CK receptor, ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE4 and, at a minimum, its cognate type B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORS ARR1, ARR10, and ARR11 for full responsiveness, while type A response regulators act redundantly to attenuate this CK response. Ethylene signaling through the ethylene receptor ETHYLENE RESISTANT1 and its downstream signaling element ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 are required for CK-induced root cell elongation. Negative and positive feedback loops are reinforced by CK regulation of the expression of the genes encoding these elements in both the CK and ethylene signaling pathways. Auxin transport facilitated by PIN-FORMED2 as well as auxin signaling through control of the steady-state level of transcriptional repressors INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID7 (IAA7), IAA14, and IAA17 via TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX PROTEIN are involved in CK-induced root cell elongation. This action lies downstream of ethylene and CK induction. Intrinsic signaling in this response operates independently of the extrinsic signal touch, although actin filament organization, which is important in the touch response, may be important for this response, since latrunculin B can induce similar growth. This root growth response may have adaptive significance, since CK responsiveness is inversely related to root coiling and waving, two root behaviors known to be important for fitness.
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PMID:Cytokinin interplay with ethylene, auxin, and glucose signaling controls Arabidopsis seedling root directional growth. 2166 52

The factors that explain the diverse arrangement of the major arteries of tetrapods are not known. Here, I aim to illuminate some of the underpinnings of these patterns. I review the variation in the sauropsid left, right, and dorsal aortae regarding the origin of the gastrointestinal blood vessels and the relative diameters of left and right aortae where they join together to form the dorsal aorta. I focus on these features because the quality of blood that flows through these aortae can vary depending on the state of cardiac shunting and the size of the vessel can provide insight into the quantity of blood borne by the vessels. I then place the information in a phyletic, historical, and ecological context. The plesiomorphic pattern is for the gastrointestinal vessels to arise as segmental arteries from the dorsal aorta, which is formed from the confluence of left and right aortae with similar diameters. The pattern is well conserved with only two major variations. First, in several clades of reptiles (testudines, crocodilians, lizards of the genera Varanus and Hydrosaurus) a substantial portion of the gastrointestinal arteries arises from the left aorta, leaving the diameter of the left aorta smaller than the right at their confluence. I hypothesize that this vascular arrangement facilitates growth by allowing more alkaline blood to flow to the somatic (body wall) and appendicular circulations, which may promote bone deposition and inhibit resorption, whereas hypercapnic, acidic blood flows to the digestive viscera, which may provide CO(2) as a substrate for the synthesis of gastric acid, bicarbonate, fatty acids, glutamine, purine rings, as well as glucose from lactate. Second, in some snakes and lizards with snake-like body forms, such as Amphisbaenidae, the diameters of left and right aortae are asymmetrical at their confluence with the left aorta exceeding the right, but in members of the amphibian order Gymnophiona the right generally exceeds the left. This condition is associated with asymmetrical development of the lungs.
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PMID:On the evolution of arterial vascular patterns of tetrapods. 2171 Jun 54

An enzyme immobilization matrix is described by preparing a self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) over a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) on an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated glass plate. The surface of the GNPs was modified with a mixed (1:9) SAM of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) and 3-mercapto-propionic acid (MPA). The enzyme, uricase was covalently immobilized to the carboxyl groups of the mixed SAM of MUA/MPA through carbodiimide coupling reaction. The whole assembly was constructed on 1 cm2 area of ITO-glass plate and was tested as an amperometric biosensor for the detection of uric acid in aqueous solution. The biosensor assembly was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical techniques. The AFM of the enzyme biosensor assembly reveals an asymmetrical sharp regular island-like structure with an average roughness parameter value of 2.81 nm. Chronoamperometric response was measured as a function of uric acid concentration in aqueous solution (pH 7.4), which exhibits a linear response over a concentration range of 0.07 to 0.63 mM with a sensitivity of 19.27 microAmM(-1) and a response of 25 s with excellent reproducibility. These results are not influenced by the presence of interfering reagents such as ascorbic acid, urea and glucose. GNPs-biomolecule assemblies constructed using this method may facilitate development of new hybrid biosensing materials.
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PMID:Immobilization of uricase enzyme on self-assembled gold nanoparticles for application in uric acid biosensor. 2177 94


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