Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P50583 (asymmetrical)
 12,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have adapted the alkaline phosphatase-anti alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique to demonstrate cell antigen distributions in intact agar culture. The method facilitates batch processing and is no less convenient to perform than standard APAAP procedures. Myeloid and lymphoid antigens generally demonstrated strong staining intensity. However, staining at day 0 consistently produced no antigen expression for two monoclonals (CD11c and CD34) in contrast to positivity in parallel cytospins. CD11c showed rapidly increasing antigen expression over subsequent days of culture whereas the expression of CD34 could not be shown in conventional agar culture at any time from day 0 to day 14. Positivity was only restored in CD34-positive leukaemic cells using a modified culture technique in which cells were cultured as pre-formed small aggregates. Assessment of these aggregates extended to cell cycle analysis using anti-bromodeoxyuridine. CD71 positivity in normal culture samples correlated with colony configuration (whether clones were 'spread' or 'tight' in appearance). CD38 staining of normal bone marrow culture at day 7 showed asymmetrical staining of cells in a small number of micro-groups. The clonal detection of aberrant antigens (CD7, CD2) for assessment of minimal residual disease in AML was a disappointment due to the relative frequency of positive clones in normal culture.
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PMID:Immunostaining of whole agar cultures by APAAP. 762 32

We previously described that cells with a CD34+CD71lo phenotype from adult human bone marrow are maintained at constant numbers in long-term suspension cultures supplemented with interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-3, mast growth factor (MGF) (a c-kit ligand), and erythropoietin (Epo). In view of the large increase in cell numbers in such cultures (for example, > 10(6)-fold per cell), this was an unexpected finding. The following models for the observed maintenance of CD34+CD71lo cells in our cultures were considered: (1) survival of non-dividing cells; (2) self-renewal balanced by loss of cells; (3) asymmetrical divisions; and (4) combinations of the above. Two experimental strategies were explored to discriminate between these models. In the first, sorted CD34+CD45RAloCD71lo cells were labeled with the flourescent tracking dye PKH26, followed by analysis of PKH26 fluorescence of CD34+CD71lo and other cells present in the cultures at various times (up to 11 weeks). In the second approach, single CD34+CD45RAloCD71lo cells were directly sorted into individual wells, and growing cells were then analyzed by flow cytometry. Results from these experiments indicated a considerable variability in (1) the number of surviving input cells (ranging from 30 to 80%); (2) the proportion of cells that contributed significantly to the total cell production measured at day 20 (ranging from 1 to 5%); and (3) the number of CD34+ cells present in individual clones. Taken together, the observed maintenance of primitive CD34+ cells in our cultures apparently involves a combination of survival of CD34+CD71lo cells with a vary low turnover together with a very limited production of CD34+ cells. Clonal heterogeneity, differences in cell cycle kinetics between CD34+ and CD34- cells, and observations that the majority of bone marrow-derived CD34+CD45RAloCD71lo cells do not show a rapid proliferative response to a mixture of IL-6, IL-3, MGF, and Epo will have to be taken into account in the development of experimental strategies aimed at clinically useful expansion of primitive hematopoietic cells ex vivo.
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PMID:Maintenance of hematopoiesis in serum-free bone marrow cultures involves sequential recruitment of quiescent progenitors. 768 81

The behavior of atypical fibroxanthoma is benign, if strict diagnostic criteria are applied. Tumors with similar pathologic features but deep subcutaneous invasion, necrosis, and/or lymphovascular or perineural invasion are thought to be associated with adverse outcome and are better regarded as pleomorphic dermal sarcoma or undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of skin. This tumor group is not well documented in the literature, and its characteristics are only poorly defined. To study the clinical and pathologic spectrum more comprehensively, we retrieved 32 pleomorphic dermal sarcomas from our departmental files. The tumors were large (median: 25 mm) and exclusively presented on sun-damaged skin with a strong predilection for the head. Typically, elderly men were affected (median age: 81 y). Histologically, these often ulcerated tumors were poorly marginated, asymmetrical, and deeply invasive into deep subcutaneous, muscular, and/or fascial tissues. The tumors were cellular and composed of pleomorphic epithelioid cells, atypical spindle cells, and multinucleated tumor giant cells in varying proportions. Mitotic count was brisk and often atypical. Tumor necrosis was observed in 53%, lymphovascular invasion in 26%, and perineural infiltration in 29%. The majority of tumors showed a predominance of atypical spindle cells in a fascicular arrangement. A sheet-like growth of pleomorphic epithelioid cells or mixed spindle and epithelioid cell features were less frequently observed. Myxoid and keloidal change, a desmoplastic stromal response, pseudoangiomatous and storiform growth patterns, and admixed osteoclast-like giant cells were additional morphologic features in some cases. No immunoreactivity was noted for multiple cytokeratins, S100, HMB-45, desmin, and CD34. Smooth muscle actin was expressed in 70%, CD31 in 48%, epithelial membrane antigen in 16%, Melan A in 6%, and p63 in 1 case. CD10 was expressed in all cases stained. Follow-up (available for 29 patients; median: 24 mo) showed local recurrence in 28% and a metastatic rate of 10%, mainly in the skin. Progressive metastatic disease was observed in 2 patients. Remission was achieved in 1 patient using systemic chemotherapy. The second patient died in the setting of advanced-stage non-Hodgkin lymphoma. No disease-related mortality was noted. Our data underscore the importance of recognizing adverse histologic features in tumors otherwise resembling atypical fibroxanthoma. Deep subcutaneous invasion, tumor necrosis, and perineural and/or lymphovascular invasion confers at least low-grade malignant potential.
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PMID:Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma: adverse histologic features predict aggressive behavior and allow distinction from atypical fibroxanthoma. 2251 Jul 60