Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P50583 (asymmetrical)
 12,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded from a 53-year-old man with prosopagnosia during presentation of slides of known and unknown faces and under two control conditions. ANOVA comparisons with a normal male group showed no differences in P100 amplitude, P300 amplitude or P300 latency. There were no significant evoked potential differences between the patient and controls specifically related to the face conditions. There was, however, a significant delay in the latency of P100 from both hemispheres during all types of stimuli. This prolonged latency was asymmetrical, showing a right sided emphasis with the control conditions: pattern reversal and slides of geometric designs. This finding, of a dissociation in the interhemispheric delay, provides physiological evidence of stimulus-specific organisation at an early, sensory level. The fact that the P100 component showed a marked delay, yet P300 fell within normal limits for amplitude and latency, suggests that this patient's problem lies at a perceptual level.
 ...
PMID:Visual evoked potentials in a patient with prosopagnosia. 244 41

The purpose of this note is to follow up on the suggestion by Willis and Goodwin (1987) (Neuropsychologia, 25, 719-724) that analysis of covariance is the proper statistical control to eliminate the confound provided by the "initial values problem" inherent in the time-sharing paradigm. The discrepancy between baseline tapping speed of the dominant versus nondominant hand can affect concurrent tapping disruption rates independently of laterality factors. A re-analysis of previous time-sharing data showed that significant laterality main effects and interactions as shown by ANOVA are eliminated with ANCOVA procedures. Thus, when the initial-values problem is statistically controlled, the laterality effect of asymmetrical hand disruption disappears. This result seriously questions the continued use of the time-sharing paradigm as a behavioral index of language lateralization.
 ...
PMID:A reassessment of the time-sharing paradigm with ANCOVA. 280 23

Previous studies on human cortical area 39 suggested that neuron:glial ratios differed between the sexes. These findings were the inspiration for the present investigation which dealt with neuronal and glial counts in area 39 in the male and female rat cerebral cortex. Transverse, celloidin or frozen sections, were cut from male and female brains (respectively) from 90-day-old Long-Evans rats. Neurons and glia were counted on enlarged photographs of stained sections, including area 39, with 35-mm Kodak Panatomic-X film using a Zeiss photomicroscope (X400). Five-by-three-inch prints were taped together in sequence to yield a 640X enlarged "montage" of area 39. Five cell types were differentiated with reference to a standard: neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, "dark astrocytes," and unidentified glia. The data were analyzed with a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA: five cell types by two hemispheres). Student's t test and a paired t test were used when appropriate. The neuron:glial ratios in the male rats were consistently higher than those in the females in both hemispheres. The male right side had 12% (P less than 0.05) more neurons than the left; the female had 13% (P less than 0.05) more neurons on the left than the right. Similar, but not identical, asymmetrical patterns were seen with the glial cells.
 ...
PMID:Cortical asymmetry--a preliminary study: neurons-glia, female-male. 333 28

Reconstruction of the mandible is one of the key elements in the skeletal rehabilitation of patients with hemifacial microsomia. Unfortunately, knowledge about long-term mandibular skeletal growth in these patients is lacking. The purpose of this study was to analyze mandibular skeletal growth longitudinally in unoperated hemifacial microsomia patients from childhood to adolescence. The longitudinal records of 26 patients with unoperated unilateral hemifacial microsomia were utilized. The average age at initial records was 3.1 years, and the average age at final records was 16.7 years. Posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs were utilized to evaluate both horizontal and vertical mandibular asymmetry. Patients also were analyzed according to the grade and side of the mandibular deformity. A paired t-test (p < 0.05) and a two-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. There were 5 patients with grade I, 14 with grade II, and 7 with grade III. The results indicated that the skeletal mandibular asymmetry in hemifacial microsomia is not progressive in nature and that growth of the affected side in these patients parallels that of the nonaffected side. The grade and the side of the mandibular deformity did not influence these findings. These results should be considered when treatment strategies are developed to reconstruct the asymmetrical mandible in hemifacial microsomia.
 ...
PMID:Longitudinal analysis of mandibular asymmetry in hemifacial microsomia. 903 Jan 37

Previous work demonstrated that the brains of many reptiles, including the American chameleon Anolis carolinensis (A. carolinensis), are functionally 'split'. Because the left eye in this species projects predominantly to the right hemisphere, and vice versa, inferences about lateralized brain functioning can be made in A. carolinensis by observation of eye use during behavioral encounters. Using this model, past work suggested that territorial aggression in Anolis is under the preferential control of the right hemisphere, and that acute stress or chronic alcohol exposure selectively reduces right hemisphere mediated territorial aggression. In addition, drugs which increase serotonin (5-HT) in the synaptic cleft inhibit aggressive responding in anoles in both hemispheres. The current experiment examined whether or not the administration of the serotonin agonists 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamine) tetralin (8-OHDPAT), quipazine, or meta-chlorophenylbiguanide (mCPBG) alter territorial aggression in Anolis. Nine adult socially isolated male A. carolinensis underwent a series of behavioral trials during which an antagonistic male was introduced into the cage. Once stable responding was initiated, all subjects were injected in a semi-randomized crossover manner with the following agents, (1) lactated Ringer's, (2) the 5-HT2 agonist quipazine (1.5 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg), (3) the 5-HT1 agonist 8-OHDPAT (83 mg/kg), and (4) the 5-HT3 agonist mCPBG (3.0 mg/kg and 9 mg/kg). Twenty minutes post injections, the male intruder was reintroduced into the subject's cage. Several behaviors were recorded, including: (1) the time to the first aggressive response, (2) the number of aggressive episodes mediated by the left eye or right eye, and (3) changes in skin color and posture. Aggressive responding was virtually eliminated in all subjects injected with 8-OHDPAT. On the other hand, one-way ANOVA found that both the 9 mg/kg dose of mCPBG (P=0.007), and the 3.0 mg/kg dose of quipazine (P=0.035), selectively decreased territorial aggression mediated by the left eye/right hemisphere compared to lactated Ringer's controls, but had no effect on aggression mediated by the right eye/left hemisphere. Although 8-OHDPAT inhibited aggression, injected subjects developed phenotypic displays of aggressive coloring/posturing, such as blackening of the eye spot and a raising of the neck crest. These results suggest that aggressive action can be differentiated from phenotypic displays that accompany aggression by a 5-HT1 agonist. They also indicate that there is an asymmetrical effect of 5-HT2/5-HT3 serotonin agonists on hemispheric mediation of aggression in this species.
 ...
PMID:Effects of serotonergic drugs on lateralized aggression and aggressive displays in Anolis carolinensis. 980 42

The main objective of the study was to measure the magnitude and pattern of electromyographic (EMG) activity of the trunk muscles in combined motions of flexion-rotation and extension-rotation. Another objective of the study was to determine the torque-EMG Root Mean Square (RMS) relationship in these activities for predictive purposes. Nineteen normal young adult subjects who met the inclusion criteria were fitted with 12 pairs of surface electrodes on their external and internal oblique, rectus abdominis, latissimus dorsi, and erector spinae muscles at T10 and L3 levels bilaterally. Using a Posture Stabilizing Platform (PSP) they were fixed in 40 degrees flexed and 40 degrees right rotated trunk postures. From this posture subjects attempted an isometric extension-rotation and flexion-rotation in the plane defined by the asymmetrical postural axis in the plane of rotation of the assumed posture. Contractions of 25, 50 and 75% of the previously measured maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) were attempted using a Static Dynamic Strength Tester (SDST) and force monitor attached by a steel cable to a rigid thoracic harness worn by the subjects. The data were acquired at 1 kHz. Descriptive statistics were calculated and ANOVA, correlation and regression analyses were carried out. With linear increase in flexion-rotation and extension-rotation torque, the magnitude of total EMG output increased exponentially. In flexion-rotation the EMG magnitude of all muscles increased with increasing grades of contraction (% of MVC). However, in proportional terms, the magnitude of erector spinae EMG declined. In extension-rotation there was a reversal of roles between the ventral and dorsal muscles compared to the flexion-rotation. For the two genders, all muscles and grades of contractions were significantly different from each other (p<0.01). There was a significant but modest correlation between EMG and torque (r = 0.25 to 0.54; p<0.01). The regressions were significant (p<0.01) and explained up to 74% of the variance in torque. The flexion-rotation and extension-rotation torques can be predicted with only a moderate accuracy.
 ...
PMID:Torque and EMG in isometric graded flexion-rotation and extension-rotation. 1145 Aug 77

In the field of dance, lateral body actions should be differently influenced by training. Classes should develop symmetrical jump behavior by the alternate working of the two body sides. In contrast, asymmetrical training effect linked to hemispheric laterality should be also expected. Indeed, for aesthetic reasons, the preferred led has to give the jump direction while the other leg has to carry out the impulsion during take-off. In addition, and for functional reasons, the preferred leg also has to ensure a soft landing and to avoid imbalance upon landing. To address the question, we studied ten professional right-footed female ballet dancers in a unilateral experimental task: the maximal vertical jump (MVJ). The MVJ height was compared for each leg in ten trials. In addition, the side of the leg usually involved in a choreographic bilateral task was determined. All these right-footed dancers selected their left leg as the impulsion leg for the choreographic jump so as to reserve the right leg for the expression of the artistic gesture linked to emotional laterality. However, ANOVA did not show differences between the right and left legs in MVJ. In these young ballerinas, jump actions of the two body sides seem to develop symmetrically by class training effects.
 ...
PMID:Unilateral jump behavior in young professional female ballet dancers. 1169 8

Many research designs in experimental psychology generate data that are fundamentally discrete or categorical in nature, and produce multiway tables of frequencies. Despite an extensive and, more recently, accessible literature on the topic, multiway frequency analysis is rarely used in experimental psychology. A reason may be the form of exposition in the literature, with emphases and concerns far removed from those of the typical experimental psychologist. An approach to multiway frequency analysis for experimental psychologists is described that has the features we want: asymmetrical designs, factors assessed for their respective main and interactive effects in a manner analogous to ANOVA, and the ability to handle within-subject designs.
 ...
PMID:Multiway frequency analysis for experimental psychologists. 1459 81

The primary reflex system emerges during fetal life and is inhibited during the first year after birth. Our aim was to examine the effects of persistence of this early neurological system on the attainment of core literacy skills in dyslexic and non-dyslexic poor readers. We assessed the prevalence of a persistent primary reflex in a cross-sectional, representative sample of children (n=739) aged 7-9 years old attending mainstream primary school in Northern Ireland using standardised educational tests, and a clinical diagnostic test for a primary reflex (the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR)). Multiple regression analyses, involving all of the sample children, revealed that persistence of the ATNR was significantly predictive of attainments in reading (t=-8.34, p<.001), spelling (t=-8.00, p<.001), non-word reading (t=-16.15, p<.001), and verbal IQ (t=-4.71, p<.001). ANOVA tests revealed that there were no differences between the performance of dyslexic and non-dyslexic poor readers on any of the outcome measures (reading (F(1, 289)=0.51, p=.48), spelling (F(1, 289)=0.02, p=.90), non-word reading (F(1, 289)=0.76, p=.38), ATNR level (F(1, 289)=2.54, p=.11)). Further ANOVA tests revealed that males had significantly higher levels of persistent reflex than females (F(1, 737)=15.21, p<.001), and that children from socially disadvantaged backgrounds had significantly higher levels of reflex than children who were not socially disadvantaged (F(1, 737)=20.84, p<.001). The findings suggest that for many children in mainstream schooling, the attainment of core educational skills may be affected by the persistence of a brainstem mediated reflex system that should have been inhibited in the first year after birth. Furthermore, these findings suggest that dyslexia is not a distinct category of poor reading, and that it may be more valid to term all poor readers as dyslexic irrespective of IQ.
 ...
PMID:Primary reflex persistence in children with reading difficulties (dyslexia): a cross-sectional study. 1703 45

Injury to a lower limb may disrupt natural walking and cause asymmetrical gait, therefore assessing the gait asymmetry has become one of the important procedures in gait analysis. This paper proposes the use of wireless gyroscopes as a new instrument to determine gait asymmetry. It also introduces two novel approaches: normalized cross-correlations (Cc(norm)) and Normalized Symmetry Index (SI(norm)). Cc(norm) evaluates the waveform patterns generated by the lower limb in each gait cycle. SI(norm) provides indications on the timing and magnitude of the bilateral differences between the limbs while addressing the drawbacks of the conventional methods. One-way ANOVA test reveals that Cc(norm) can be considered as single value indicator that determines the gait asymmetry (p<0.01). The experiment results showed that SI(norm) in asymmetrical gait were different from normal gait. SI(norm) in asymmetrical gait were found to be approximately 20% greater than SI(norm) in normal gait during pre-swing and initial swing.
 ...
PMID:Identifying gait asymmetry using gyroscopes--a cross-correlation and Normalized Symmetry Index approach. 2130 14


1 2 Next >>