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Query: UNIPROT:P50583 (asymmetrical)
 12,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypophysectomy decreased the basal rate of glucose metabolism in segments of epididymal fat studied in vitro and lowered their maximum capacity to use glucose. However, hypophysectomy changed neither the sensitivity to insulin nor the magnitude of the response when the results were expressed relative to the basal rate of glucose metabolism. Adipocytes isolated from both hypophysectomized and normal rats exhibited a higher basal rate of glucose metabolism than cells remaining in situ in the contralateral tissues, but this consequence of cell isolation was more pronounced for adipocytes of hypophysectomized than normal rats. Glucose metabolism could not be further increased by exposure of the adipocytes of hypophysectomized rats to insulin, whereas insulin produced a 3-to 5-fold stimulation of glucose oxidation in normal adipocytes. The effects of insulin and hypophysectomy on the transport of the nonmetabolizable sugar L-[1-14C]arabinose in tissue segments and isolated adipocytes were also studied. Uptake of L-arabinose was usually more rapid in segments of epididymal fat of normal rats than in segments of tissue obtained from hypophysectomized rats and was significantly accelerated by insulin in both groups. Uptake of L-arabinose was more rapid than normal in adipocytes isolated from hypophysectomized rats and, like glucose metabolism, could not be accelerated by insulin. The same concentration of insulin markedly promoted arabinose uptake in normal adipocytes. Efflux of L-arabinose from segments of tissue from hypophysectomized rats was twice as rapid as that from normal tissue and, in contrast with the rate of efflux from normal tissues, was not accelerated by insulin. The data suggest that in the absence of pituitary secretion, sugar transport in the adipocyte membrane may be asymmetrical. The data also support the view that hypophysectomy renders adipocytes more susceptible than normal to the cell isolation procedure which maximally accelerates glucose utilization and inward transport of arabinose in these cells.
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PMID:Effects of hypophysectomy and cell isolation on the transport of L-arabinose by adipocytes. 388 May 39

Four cyanobacterial strains, Cyanothece sp., Oscillatoria sp., Nostoc sp. and Nostoc carneum were studied for physico-chemical characterization of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) secreted during the controlled growth condition. Hydrolyzed EPSs showed the compositional involvement of four sugar moieties viz. mannose, glucose, xylose and ribose in varying combinations. Infrared spectra of EPSs showed a specific absorbance of O-H stretching at 3448-3400 cm(-1), asymmetrical-symmetrical C-H stretching at 2924 and 2854 cm(-1) and a bending vibration of C-H at 1400-1380 cm(-1). Absorbance at 1259 and 1140 cm(-1) with Cyanothece sp. EPS, indicated the presence of sulfur containing functional group. Thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetric analysis confirmed the polysaccharides thermal stability as high as around 250 degrees C. In the presence of 0.1 M NaCl aqueous solution, the intrinsic viscosity of polysaccharides from Oscillatoria sp. and Nostoc sp. decreased 1.6 fold, whereas, 3-5 fold reduction in intrinsic viscosity was observed with commercially available guar and xanthan gum.
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PMID:Partial characterization of extracellular polysaccharides from cyanobacteria. 1625 43

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), produced by Dunaliella salina strain, increase concomitantly with salt concentration and maximum (944 mg/l) were obtained at 5M NaCl, whereas minimum (56 mg/l) at 0.5M salinity. Emulsifying activity was measured in terms of strength to retain the emulsion and comparatively 85.76% retention was observed at 0.5M salinity thereafter it intends to decline. The FT-IR-spectra reveal characteristic functional groups NH stretching, asymmetrical CH stretching vibration of aliphatic CH(2)-group, CC stretching of aromatic, CN stretch of aliphatic amine, NH wag of primary amine and CX stretch of alkyl-halides with a stretching of COC, CO corresponding to the presence of carbohydrates. The FT-IR-spectra substantiated the presence of primary amine-group, aromatic-compound, halide-group, aliphatic alkyl-group and polysaccharides. Four monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, fructose and xylose) were also detected by HPLC analysis. Production of EPSs may allow further exploration of D. salina as potential EPSs producer and make it as a promising candidate for biotechnological and industrial exploitation.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of extracellular polymeric substances from micro-algae Dunaliellasalina under salt stress. 1927 70