Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P50583 (asymmetrical)
 12,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The rat nucleus accumbens contains medium-sized, spiny projection neurons and intrinsic, local circuit neurons, or interneurons. Sub-classes of interneurons, revealed by calretinin (CR) or parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactivity or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase histochemistry, were compared in the nucleus accumbens core, shell and rostral pole. CR, PV and NADPH-diaphorase-containing neurons are shown to form three non-co-localising populations in these three areas. No significant differences in neuronal population densities were found between the subterritories. NADPH-diaphorase-containing neurons could be further separated morphologically into three sub-groups, but CR- and PV-immunoreactive neurons form homogeneous populations. Ultrastructurally, NADPH-diaphorase-, CR- and PV-containing neurons in the nucleus accumbens all possess nuclear indentations. These are deeper and fewer in neurons immunoreactive for PV than in CR- and NADPH-diaphorase-containing neurons. CR-immunoreactive boutons form asymmetrical and symmetrical synaptic specialisations on spines, dendrites and somata, while PV-immunoreactive boutons make only symmetrical synaptic specialisations. Both CR- and PV-immunoreactive boutons form symmetrical synaptic specialisations with medium-sized spiny neurons and contact other CR- and PV-immunoreactive somata, respectively. A novel non-carcinogenic substrate for the peroxidase reaction (Vector Slate Grey, SG) was found to be characteristically electron-dense and may be distinguishable from the diaminobenzidine reaction product. We conclude that the three markers used in this study are localised in distinct populations of nucleus accumbens interneurons. Our studies of their synaptic connections contribute to an increased understanding of the intrinsic circuitry of this area.
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PMID:A light and electron microscopic study of NADPH-diaphorase-, calretinin- and parvalbumin-containing neurons in the rat nucleus accumbens. 870 62

The present study investigated the ultrastructure of neurons in the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus. These neurons which are believed to function as interneurons in the transmission of orofacial nonreflexive nociceptive information, measured 20 microns x 11 microns, and were nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) positive. The reaction product, formazan, was localized in the nuclear envelope, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and multivesicular bodies of these neurons. It was also localized in the membrane of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum at the axon terminal. The neurons were contacted by both axosomatic and axodendritic synapses formed by both NADPH-d positive and NADPH-d negative axon terminals. Two types of NADPH-d positive axon terminals could be recognized. The first was a large terminal containing many stained mitochondria and unstained small round agranular vesicles mixed with some slightly flattened ones. It formed asymmetrical axodendritic synapse. The second type of axon terminals contained pleomorphic synaptic vesicles and formed asymmetrical synapses upon both dendrites and soma. The sources of NADPH-d positive axon terminals were discussed. Most of the unstained axon terminals forming axosomatic and axodendritic synapses with stained cell bodies and dendrites contained flattened vesicles. In addition to the above, complicated synaptic configurations showing NADPH-d positive axoaxonic synapses in relation to NADPH-d negative dendritic spines were also seen in which a NADPH-d negative dendritic spine was completely contacted by a NADPH-d positive bouton which was in turn contacted by another NADPH-d positive bouton.
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PMID:Ultrastructural study of NADPH-d positive neurons in laminae I and II of the rat caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus. 939 13

Neurons in the rat subiculum that are capable of producing nitric oxide were studied by using an antibody to the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). In the light microscope, the staining pattern with the nNOS antibody closely resembled that seen following histochemical processing with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase. Immunostained neurons were found in all layers, and, in addition, large dendrites in the apical dendrite layer were also immunopositive. Although a few immunolabelled cells had the typical morphology of interneurons, most were found to have the characteristics of pyramidal neurons. In the subiculum, these immunoreactive pyramidal neurons were concentrated mainly in the most superficial cell layers and closest to the CA1 region, but pyramidal neurons in the CA1 layer of the hippocampus were consistently immunonegative. Immunopositive profiles in the subiculum were studied in the electron microscope and compared with unlabelled structures. Ultrastructural criteria suggest that both pyramidal and nonpyramidal subicular neurons are immunopositive for nNOS. Large, spiny dendrites and smaller, varicose dendrites were found to be immunoreactive for nNOS. Vesicle-containing profiles were probably presynaptic axons, and immunopositive boutons were seen to make symmetrical and asymmetrical synaptic contacts.
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PMID:Light and electron microscopic study of neuronal nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive neurons in the rat subiculum. 960 72

In the adult frog, structural asymmetry of the left dorsal habenula in respect to the right counterpart has been repeatedly documented in previous studies. In the present investigation, histochemical expression of beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase activity was examined in the habenulae of the developing and adult Rana esculenta. In tadpoles and during metamorphosis, selective neuropil staining was consistently found within a lateral compartment of the medial subnucleus of the left dorsal habenula. The staining was still present in the same location, but much less intense, in the mature frog, indicating that the neurochemical pattern observed during development was at least in part transient. Thus, the present data point out a peculiar neurochemical pattern of the habenular asymmetry in the frog, suggesting that nitric oxide may be involved in the developmental shaping which leads to an asymmetrical configuration of the habenulae. In addition, NADPH-diaphorase-positive cells were detected in the frontal organ (the extracranial component of the pineal complex in strict relationship with the habenulae in the frog), and labeled fibers were found in the frontal nerve, which arises from the frontal organ. This latter finding supports the postulated relationship of the habenular asymmetry with the occurrence of the frontal organ. The finding of NADPH-diaphorase histochemical reactivity confined to a distinct portion of the medial subnucleus of the left dorsal habenula prompted a reexamination of the cytoarchitecture of the developing and mature habenular complex in the frog. The bicompartmentalization detected with histochemistry in the medial subnucleus of the left dorsal habenula of the developing and adult frog was fully supported by the study of Nissl-stained epithalamic sections. These data point out that the left-right structural differences of the frog habenular complex are more complex than previously believed, and may be subserved by chemically regulated developmental processes.
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PMID:Nitric oxide synthase activity reveals an asymmetrical organization of the frog habenulae during development: A histochemical and cytoarchitectonic study from tadpoles to the mature Rana esculenta, with notes on the pineal complex. 1041 78