Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P50583 (asymmetrical)
 12,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The synaptic glomeruli of rat cerebellum (cerebellar glomeruli) were studied at postnatal ages of 1 to 7, 9, and 15 days in the attempt to formulate qualitative and quantitative analyses for the synaptic junctional development. Ethanol-phosphotungustic acid (E-PTA) was used to stain the synapses. The synaptic junctions, composed of dense projection, intercleft density, and postsynaptic band in synaptic glomeruli were first observed at a postnatal age of 6 days and more than three synaptic junctions were not recognized in this stage. Three types of synaptic junctions, symmetrical, asymmetrical immature, and asymmetrical well-developed, were recognized according to advancing postnatal age. Although each postnatal stage had different ratios among the three types, the number increases with postnatal age. These results suggest that the synaptic glomeruli are already functional by the eye-opening stage.
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PMID:Electron microscopic study on the synaptic glomeruli of rat cerebellum: quantitative and qualitative analyses using the ethanol-phosphotungustic acid (E-PTA) procedure. 273 77

Ethanol appears to produce a stimulus complex, or compound cue, composed of distinct components that are mediated by different receptor systems. In ethanol vs. water discriminations, it appears that ethanol produces a redundant stimulus complex such that separate, receptor-mediated activity can serve as the basis for the discrimination. These discriminations have been termed redundant, because multiple features of the cue could serve as the basis of the discrimination. In ethanol vs. water discriminations, one common feature is the asymmetrical generalizations between components of the ethanol cue and ethanol. There is also evidence for overshadowing of one component by other components of the ethanol stimulus complex. It appears possible to transfer the basis of the ethanol cue from a redundant cue to a conditional cue with specific training procedures. When the discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol are juxtoposed with those of one component of the ethanol complex, as in ethanol vs. water vs. pentobarbital discriminations, the ethanol discrimination shifts to a conditional basis. The ability to antagonize an ethanol discrimination may be dependent upon whether the discrimination is based on redundant component stimuli or conditional presence of all component stimuli.
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PMID:Strategies for understanding the pharmacological effects of ethanol with drug discrimination procedures. 1051 1

Repeated administration of drugs may induce adaptations which affect the behavioral responses to the drug itself or to other drugs. Whether individual characteristics to repeated drug administration predict sensitivity to the effects of another drug is not clear. We evaluated whether or not mice that present higher vs. lower locomotor response after repeated treatment with ethanol display increased or decreased locomotor responses when challenged with methamphetamine or morphine, and vice versa. Mice received daily i.p. 2.2 g/kg ethanol (21 days), 1.0 mg/kg methamphetamine or 10 mg/kg morphine (10 days). According to the response presented during repeated drug treatment, mice were classified as HIGH or LOW activity groups. Locomotor activity was monitored after mice were challenged with saline, and 48 h later with a drug. Ethanol-treated mice were challenged with methamphetamine or morphine, methamphetamine- and morphine-treated animals were challenged with ethanol. After repeated treatment with ethanol or methamphetamine, locomotor sensitization was observed only in HIGH mice, not LOW mice. Ethanol-treated mice with HIGH activity showed sensitized, increased locomotor responses to methamphetamine (p<0.05), but not to morphine. Locomotor responses to ethanol were not affected by a previous history of methamphetamine treatment. Although repeated administration of morphine failed to induce sensitization, morphine-treated mice with HIGH activity presented sensitized locomotor responses after an ethanol challenge. The current experiments confirm important individual differences in response to repeated administration of ethanol, methamphetamine and morphine, which in some cases affected the locomotor response to a second drug challenge, in an asymmetrical pattern.
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PMID:Individual differences to repeated ethanol administration may predict locomotor response to other drugs, and vice versa. 1898 11