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 12,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nineteen wobbling foals (17 males and 2 females) showing lameness of hindlimbs at 6 to 21 months of age were investigated radiographically and histopathologically. Minimum sagittal diameter (MSD), minimum flexion diameter (MFD) and minimum dural sagittal diameter (MDD) were measured on plain radiograms or myelograms taken at neutral and flexed positions as indicators of narrowed vertebral canal. After necropsy, the cervical spines and the spinal cord were examined macroscopically and respectively the relationships between radiographic findings and the corresponding morphological lesions were evaluated. Radiographically, lower values than each minimum reference limits were recorded in 14 foals in MSD, 5 foals in MFD and 6 foals in MDD, respectively. According to the histopathologic examination, the disappearance of axons and myelin sheaths, vacuolated spongy degeneration and appearance of macrophages were recognized symmetrically in the white matter of the cervical cord. These lesions were centrally located at the spinal cord radiographically demonstrated as compressed sites in 12 out of 17 foals examined. Macroscopically, asymmetrical overgrowth of one side of the process, encroachment of articular processes into the intervertebral foramina and proliferation of bone around articular facets were observed in the articular processes of bone specimens in the caudal neck of 6 foals. In conclusion, the equine incoordination might mainly be caused by the cervical stenotic myelopathy resulting from cervical vertebral malformation, and therefore the cervical vertebral radiography, especially myelography, is quite very important and effective for the diagnosis of wobbling foals.
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PMID:Relationships between radiography of cervical vertebrae and histopathology of the cervical cord in wobbling 19 foals. 807 9

In this paper, for linear leader-follower networks with multiple heterogeneous actuator faults, including partial loss of effectiveness fault and actuator bias fault, a cooperative fault-tolerant control (CFTC) approach is developed. Assume that the interaction network topology among all nodes is a switching directed graph. To address the difficulty of designing the distributed compensation control laws under the time-varying asymmetrical network structure, a novel distributed-reference-observer-based fault-tolerant tracking control approach is established, under which the global tracking errors are proved to be asymptotically convergent in the presence of actuator failures. First, by constructing a group of distributed reference observers based on neighborhood state information, all followers can estimate the leader's state trajectories directly. Second, a decentralized adaptive fault-tolerant tracking controller via local estimation is designed to achieve the global synchronization. Furthermore, the reliable coordination problem under switching directed topology with intermittent communications is solved by utilizing the presented CFTC approach. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed coordination control protocol is illustrated by its applications to a networked aircraft system.
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PMID:Fault-Tolerant Consensus Tracking Control for Linear Multiagent Systems Under Switching Directed Network. 3089 64