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Query: UNIPROT:P50583 (asymmetrical)
 12,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors determined asymmetrical differences in optic disc cupping and pallor between the right and left eyes of 57 control subjects and 75 patients with ocular hypertension. Photogrammetry was used to measure the optic disc cup, and computerized image analysis was used to measure the optic disc pallor for the total disc and its quadrants. Generally, for control and ocular hypertensive eyes, the median values of cupping and pallor were significantly larger in the left eye than in the right, except for depth in the inferior quadrant (right eye minus left eye = 9.3%, P = 0.000) and pallor in the nasal quadrant (right eye minus left eye = 21.3%, P = 0.01), which were preferentially larger in the right eye than in the left in ocular hypertensive eyes. Ocular hypertensive eyes also showed a greater difference between the right and left eyes compared with control eyes for inferior depth (P = 0.06) and nasal pallor (P = 0.02). Detection of optic disc differences as a sign of ocular hypertension between the right eye and the left should evaluate the inferior and nasal quadrants of the disc.
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PMID:Increased preferential optic disc asymmetry in ocular hypertensive patients compared with control subjects. 206 2

The morphology of neurons in the centromedian nucleus (CM) was studied in rapid Golgi preparations of the adult cat. The ultrastructure of the nucleus, particularly its synaptic organization, was also studied with electron microscopy. The CM contains three types of neurons referred to as principal neurons, Golgi type II neurons, and bushy neurons. Principal neurons are the most numerous, have long dendrites, which branch infrequently, and are divided into two subgroups: principal-A neurons with dendrites that arborize radially, whereas principal-B neurons display horizontal orientations. Both subgroups show a frontal orientation in their dendritic organization and give rise to myelinated axons. Golgi type II neurons with their characteristic sinuous dendrites and unmyelinated axons are thought to be interneurons. The occurrence of bushy neurons in the cat's CM is a new finding. These bushy neurons resemble those of thalamic specific relay nuclei and give rise to myelinated axons. In addition to these three cell types, neurons with intermediate features between these three neuronal types are also described. The ultrastructure of CM neurons resembles, in general, typical central nervous system neurons. Presynaptic profiles are classified into four main categories. SR (small round) boutons are small in size, contain clear, round vesicles, and form asymmetrical synaptic contacts with predominantly small-diameter dendrites. LR (large round) boutons are relatively large and contain both clear and dense-cored vesicles. They interdigitate and form multiple, moderately asymmetrical synapses with their postsynaptic targets. Pale profiles are identified by their relatively electron-light appearance. They contain round vesicles and are thought to be dendritic in origin. The last category of presynaptic profiles is pleomorphic boutons. They contain vesicles of different shapes and are further subdivided into two subtypes: pleomorphic-I ends on soma and dendritic trunks, whereas pleomorphic-II contacts small-diameter dendrites. Both subtypes form symmetrical synapses. The glomeruli of specific thalamic relay nuclei generally contain dendrites, LR boutons, and pale profiles. In addition to these, pleomorphic-II boutons also participate in the formation of the glomerulus of the cat's CM.
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PMID:A Golgi and ultrastructural analysis of the centromedian nucleus of the cat. 242 Aug 43

Six unilateral cases and one bilateral case of dilated episcleral veins with elevated intraocular pressure without exophthalmos are described. Episcleral venous pressure measured on six unilateral cases showed increased pressure in the affected eye compared to the other eye and to normal controls. Two eyes had typical glaucomatous disc and visual field changes. Five had more optic disc cupping and pallor in the eye with the elevated episcleral venous pressure and intraocular pressure. A thorough work-up, including orbital venography in two unilateral cases, carotid arteriography in one and episcleral fluorescein angiography in five cases, failed to show venous obstruction or direct arterio-venous communications. The different diagnoses are discussed. This condition should be considered in unilateral or asymmetrical intraocular pressure elevation and in those patients with chronically red eyes without discharge.
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PMID:Increased pressure of dilated episcleral veins with open-angle glaucoma without exophthalmos. 686 49

Relationships and species limits among the colourful Australian parrots known as rosellas (Platycercus) are contentious because of poorly understood patterns of parapatry, sympatry and hybridization as well as complex patterns of geographical replacement of phenotypic forms. Two subgenera are, however, conventionally recognised: Platycercus comprises the blue-cheeked crimson rosella complex (Crimson Rosella P. elegans and Green Rosella P. caledonicus), and Violania contains the remaining four currently recognised species (Pale-headed Rosella P. adscitus, Eastern Rosella P. eximius, Northern Rosella P. venustus, and Western Rosella P. icterotis). We used phylogenetic analysis of ten loci (one mitochondrial, eight autosomal and one z-linked) and several individuals per nominal species primarily to examine relationships within the subgenera, especially the relationships and species limits within Violania. Of these, P. adscitus and P. eximius have long been considered sister species or conspecific due to a morphology-based hybrid zone and an early phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The multilocus phylogenetic analysis presented here supports an alternative hypothesis aligning P. adscitus and P. venustus as sister species. Using divergence rates published in other avian studies, we estimated the divergence between P. venustus and P. adscitus at 0.0148-0.6124MYA and that between the P. adscitus/P. venustus ancestor and P. eximius earlier at 0.1617-1.0816MYA, both within the Pleistocene. Discordant topologies among gene and species trees are discussed and proposed to be the result of historical gene flow and/or incomplete lineage sorting (ILS). In particular, we suggest that discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear data may be the result of asymmetrical mitochondrial introgression from P. adscitus into P. eximius. The biogeographical implications of our findings are discussed relative to similarly distributed groups of birds.
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PMID:Phylogenetic analysis of the Australian rosella parrots (Platycercus) reveals discordance among molecules and plumage. 2602 39