Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P50583 (asymmetrical)
 12,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rodent incisors are continuously growing teeth and enamel deposition is restricted to the labial side. In the present study, the expression of laminin-5 subunits (alpha3, beta3 and gamma2) has been analyzed by in situ hybridization in developing mouse lower incisors and compared to that reported in the molar. At the bud stage (E12), mRNAs for all subunits were detected in the whole epithelial thickening. At E14, when histogenesis had started, transcripts for alpha3 and gamma2 subunits were restricted to the outer dental epithelium (ODE), whereas the beta3 subunit was intensely expressed in the inner dental epithelium (IDE). A transient expression for alpha3 subunit was seen in the enamel knot area and disappeared at E15. Subsequently, all laminin-5 subunit genes were re-expressed in differentiating ameloblasts on the labial side. Similar patterns of transcription were observed in incisor and molar, suggesting that the differential expression of laminin-5 subunits in the IDE might be involved in the histogenesis of the IDE and ameloblast differentiation. At E16.5, cells of the IDE at the anterior extremity of the incisor and in the anterior part of the lingual IDE expressed transcripts for alpha3 and beta3 but not for gamma2 subunit. Similar expression patterns were observed in the enamel-free areas of the E18 molar. This specific expression might thus be related to cells that do not differentiate as functional ameloblasts. Throughout incisor development, intense expression for all laminin-5 subunits was restricted to the labial side of the cervical loop. The asymmetrical expression of laminin-5 might be related to incisor morphogenesis and to the differences in histogenesis and cytodifferentiation of the IDE that exist in the labial versus lingual aspect of the cervical loop.
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PMID:Differential expression of laminin-5 subunits during incisor and molar development in the mouse. 1085 32

The tetrapod limb exhibits distinct dorsoventral joint, tendon, and muscle asymmetry. The LIM-homeodomain transcription factor, Lmx1b, is required to achieve the dorsal character of these structures, but the mechanism by which Lmx1b orchestrates this asymmetrical development is unknown. To identify target tissues and genes regulated by Lmx1b, we examined Lmx1b expression during joint, tendon and muscle formation (9.5-16.5 dpc) and the expression of several genes spatially restricted to developing joints and associated tissues in normal and Lmx1b knockout (KO) mice including: Gdf-5, sFrp2, sFrp3, Six1 and Six2. Lmx1b was diffusely expressed in the undifferentiated dorsal mesoderm of the emerging limb bud (E9.5-E11.5). With progressive proximal to distal differentiation, Lmx1b expression localized to dorsal joint-forming regions, to developing tendons and ligaments, but not to migrating myocytes (E13.5-15.5). By E16.5, mature tendon and ligament associations were evident and Lmx1b expression had regressed. The expression patterns of Gdf-5 and sFrp3 at E15.5 were symmetrical along the dorsoventral axis in normal and Lmx1b KO mice. sFrp2, Six1 and Six2 exhibited asymmetrical dorsoventral expression and in Lmx1b KO mice, this asymmetry is lost; however, none were solely restricted to or excluded from dorsal Lmx1b expressing tissues.
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PMID:Lmx1b expression during joint and tendon formation: localization and evaluation of potential downstream targets. 1518 6

The transcription factor Sox2 plays important roles in maintaining the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells and adult progenitors. However, whether Sox2 is involved in odontogenesis has not been reported. In this study, we examined the expression pattern of Sox2 during mouse incisor and molar development using real-time PCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Sox2 mRNA was expressed in the dental epithelium and mesenchyme while Sox2 protein was mainly detected in the epithelium from embryonic day (E) 11.5 to postnatal (PN) day 20. In the case of incisor, Sox2 mRNA and protein were expressed in most of dental epithelial cells from E11.5 to E14.5, and they were both highly expressed in the labial cervical loop area from E16.5 to PN20. During molar development, we observed an asymmetrical distribution of Sox2 protein in the epithelium from E13.5 to E16.5, with stronger signals in the lingual side. From E18.5 to PN2, Sox2 was expressed within the cervical loop area, and the stellate intermediate layer. From PN6 to PN14, Sox2 expression was confined mainly to the apical end of hertwig's epithelium root sheath (HERS) cells. Sox2 was also detected within the perivascular region of the dental pulp at PN14 and PN20. Our results suggested that: (1) Sox2 was involved in mouse odontogenesis, and (2) it might participate in maintaining the pluripotency of the epithelial stem cells of labial cervical loop in mouse incisor development and the epithelium progenitors during molar development, (3) Sox2 might be regulated at post-transcription level during mouse odontogenesis.
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PMID:Expression pattern of Sox2 during mouse tooth development. 2283 38